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1、 Reference number ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6506-1 Second edition 2005-12-15 Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method Matriaux mtalliques Essai de duret Brinell Partie 1: Mthode dessai ISO 6506-1:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedd
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4、re optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specif
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6、e postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1
7、3 Principle1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 5 Apparatus .3 6 Test piece .3 7 Procedure .4 8 Uncertainty of the results .6 9 Test report6 Annex A (informative) Procedure for periodic checking of the testing machine by the user.7 Annex B (normative) Minimum thickness of the test piece in relation t
8、o the mean diameter of indentation8 Annex C (informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values9 Bibliography15 ISO 6506-1:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO membe
9、r bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmenta
10、l and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directi
11、ves, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
12、 casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6506-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of met
13、als, Subcommittee SC 3, Hardness testing. This second edition, together with ISO 6506-4, cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6506-1:1999), which has been technically revised. ISO 6506 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials Brinell hardness test: Part 1: T
14、est method Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks Part 4: Table of hardness values -,-,- ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Introduction Attention is drawn to the fact that in this part of ISO 6506, only the use of the hardmeta
15、l ball indenter is specified. The designation of the Brinell hardness is HBW and should not be confused with the former designation HB, or HBS when a steel ball indenter was used. Periodic checking of the testing machine described in the informative Annex A is good metrological practice. It is inten
16、ded to make this annex normative in the next revision of this part of ISO 6506. . -,-,- -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method 1 Scope This part of ISO 6506 specifies the method for the Brinell hardn
17、ess test for metallic materials and is applicable up to the limit of 650 HBW. For specific materials and/or products, particular International Standards exist (i.e. ISO 4498-1). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For date
18、d references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4498-1, Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals Determination of apparent hardness Part 1: Materials of essentially uniform section hardn
19、ess ISO 6506-2:2005, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines ISO 6506-4, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 4: Table of hardness values 3 Principle An indenter (hardmetal ball with diameter D) is forced into the surface of a test p
20、iece and, after removal of the force F, the diameter of the indentation d left in the surface is measured. The Brinell hardness is proportional to the quotient obtained by dividing the test force by the curved surface area of the indentation. The indentation is assumed to retain the shape of the bal
21、l, and its surface area is calculated from the mean indentation diameter and the ball diameter. ISO 6506-1:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4.1 See Figure 1 and Table 1. Table 1 Symbols and abbreviated terms Symbol / Abbreviated term Designation Unit D F d d1, d
22、2 h HBW 0,102F/D 2 Diameter of the ball Test force Mean diameter of the indentation 12 2 dd d + = Indentation diameters measured at 90 Depth of indentation 22 (11) 2 D hdD= Brinell hardness Test force Constant Surface area of indentation = 222) 2 HBW0,102 (11/ F DdD = force-diameter ratio mm N mm mm
23、 mm N/mm2 NOTE 1 Constant0,102 9,806 65 =, where 9,806 65 is the conversion factor from kgf to N. 4.2 The following is an example of the designation of Brinell hardness, HBW. EXAMPLE NOTE In former standards, in cases when a steel ball had been used, the Brinell hardness was denoted by HB or HBS. -,
24、-,- ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 For symbols, see Table 1. Figure 1 Principle of test 5 Apparatus 5.1 Testing machine, capable of applying a predetermined test force or forces within the range of 9,807 N to 29,42 kN, in accordance with ISO 6506-2. 5.2 Indenter, a polished hardme
25、tal ball, as specified in ISO 6506-2. 5.3 Measuring device, as specified in ISO 6506-2. NOTE A suggested procedure for periodic checks by the user is given in Annex A. 6 Test piece 6.1 The test shall be carried out on a surface which is smooth and even, free from oxide scale, foreign matter and, in
26、particular, free from lubricants. The test piece shall have a surface finish that will allow an accurate measurement of the diameter of the indentation. 6.2 Preparation shall be carried out in such a way that any alteration of the surface, for example, due to excessive heating or cold-working, is mi
27、nimized. 6.3 The thickness of the test piece shall be at least eight times the depth of indentation. Values for the minimum thickness of the test piece in relation to the mean diameter of indentation are given in Annex B. Visible deformation at the back of the test piece can indicate that the test p
28、iece is too thin. ISO 6506-1:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 7 Procedure 7.1 In general, the test is to be carried out at ambient temperature within the limits of 10 C to 35 C. Tests carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of (23 5) C. 7.2 The test forces given
29、in Table 2 shall be used. NOTE Other test forces and force-diameter ratios may be used by special agreement. 7.3 The test force shall be chosen so that the diameter of the indentation d lies between the values 0,24 D and 0,6 D. Table 3 indicates recommended force-diameter ratios (0,102 F/D2) that ar
30、e appropriate for use when testing certain materials and hardness levels. In order to test the largest representative area of the test piece, the diameter of the testing ball shall be chosen to be as large as possible. When the thickness of the test piece permits, a 10 mm diameter ball is preferred.
31、 7.4 The test piece shall be placed on a rigid support. The contact surfaces shall be clean and free from foreign matter (scale, oil, dirt, etc). It is important that the test piece lies firmly on the support so that displacement cannot occur during the test. 7.5 Bring the indenter into contact with
32、 the test surface and apply the test force in a direction perpendicular to the surface, without shock, vibration or overrun, until the applied force attains the specified value. The time from the initial application of force to the time the full test force is reached shall not be less than 2 s nor g
33、reater than 8 s. Maintain the test force for 10 s to 15 s. For certain materials, where a longer duration of the test force is required; this time shall be applied with a tolerance of 2 s. 7.6 Throughout the test, the testing machine shall be protected from significant shock or vibration, which can
34、influence the test result. 7.7 The distance of the edge of the test piece to the centre of each indentation shall be a minimum of two and a half times the mean indentation diameter. The distance between the centres of two adjacent indentations shall be at least three times the mean indentation diame
35、ter. 7.8 Measure the diameter of each indentation in two directions perpendicular to each other. The arithmetic mean of the two readings shall be taken for the calculation of the Brinell hardness. NOTE For automatic measuring systems, the following may be used: the average of a greater number of equ
36、ally spaced measurements; an assessment of the projected indentation area into the material surface. 7.9 ISO 6506-4 contains a calculation table, which shall be used to determine the Brinell hardness for tests on flat surfaces. -,-,- ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 Table 2 Test for
37、ces for the different testing conditions Hardness symbol Ball diameter D mm Force-diameter ratio 0,102 F/D2 N/mm2 Nominal value of test force F HBW 10/3 000 10 30 29,42 kN HBW 10/1 500 10 15 14,71 kN HBW 10/1 000 10 10 9,807 kN HBW 10/500 10 5 4,903 kN HBW 10/250 10 2,5 2,452 kN HBW 10/100 10 1 980,
38、7 N HBW 5/750 5 30 7,355 kN HBW 5/250 5 10 2,452 kN HBW 5/125 5 5 1,226 kN HBW 5/62,5 5 2,5 612,9 N HBW 5/25 5 1 245,2 N HBW 2,5/187,5 2,5 30 1,839 kN HBW 2,5/62,5 2,5 10 612,9 N HBW 2,5/31,25 2,5 5 306,5 N HBW 2,5/15,625 2,5 2,5 153,2 N HBW 2,5/6,25 2,5 1 61,29 N HBW 1/30 1 30 294,2 N HBW 1/10 1 10
39、 98,07 N HBW 1/5 1 5 49,03 N HBW 1/2,5 1 2,5 24,52 N HBW 1/1 1 1 9,807 N Table 3 Ratio 0,102 F/D2 for different metallic materials Material Brinell hardness HBW Force-diameter ratio 0,102 F/D2 N/mm2 Steel, nickel alloys, titanium alloys 30 Cast iron a 200 30 80 10 15 Lead, tin 1 Sintered metal Accor
40、ding to ISO 4498-1 a For the testing of cast iron, the nominal diameter of the ball shall be 2,5 mm, 5 mm or 10 mm. -,-,- ISO 6506-1:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 8 Uncertainty of the results A complete evaluation of the uncertainty should be done according to the Guide to the expression of
41、 uncertainty in measurement (GUM) 1. Independent of the type of sources, for hardness, there are two possibilities for the determination of the uncertainty. One possibility is based on the evaluation of all relevant sources appearing during a direct calibration. As a reference, an EA guideline 2 is
42、available. The other possibility is based on indirect calibration using a hardness-reference block, abbreviated below as CRM (certified reference material) (see References 2 to 5). A guideline for the determination is given in Annex C. It may not always be possible to quantify all the identified con
43、tributions to the uncertainty. In this case, an estimate of type A standard uncertainty may be obtained from the statistical analysis of repeated indentations into the test piece. Care should be taken, if standard uncertainties of type A and B are summarized, that the contributions are not counted t
44、wice (see Clause 4 of GUM:1993 1). 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 6506; b) all details necessary for the complete identification of the test piece; c) the test temperature, if it is not within the limits 10 C to 35 C; d) the
45、result obtained; e) additional requirements outside the scope of this part of ISO 6506; f) details of any occurrence which may have affected the result. There is no general process of accurately converting Brinell hardness into other scales of hardness or into tensile strength. These conversions sho
46、uld therefore be avoided, unless a reliable basis for the conversion can be obtained by comparative tests. NOTE It should be noted that for anisotropic materials, for example, those which have been heavily cold-worked, there may be a difference between the lengths of the two diameters of the indenta
47、tion. The specification for the product may indicate limits for such differences. -,-,- ISO 6506-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 7 Annex A (informative) Procedure for periodic checking of the testing machine by the user A check of the machine should be carried out on each day that the machine
48、 is used, at approximately each hardness level, and for each range or scale that is to be used. Prior to making the check, the measuring device should be indirectly verified (for each range/scale and hardness level) using a reference indentation on a hardness-reference block, calibrated in accordance with ISO 6506-3. The measured dimension should agree with the certified value to within 0,5 %. If the measuring device fails this test,