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1、 Reference number ISO 5631-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5631-2 First edition 2008-12-15 Paper and board Determination of colour by diffuse reflectance Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65/10) Papier et carton Dtermination de la couleur par rflectance diffuse Partie 2: Conditions
2、 de lumire du jour extrieure (D65/10) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 5631-2:2008(E) PDF dis
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6、TECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs
7、member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization P
8、rovided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 5631-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative refer
9、ences. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Sampling and conditioning 4 7 Preparation of test pieces 4 8 Procedure 4 9 Calculation. 4 9.1 CIE tristimulus values 4 9.2 CIELAB coordinates. 5 9.3 Dispersion of the results 5 10 Expression of results . 6 11 Precision 6 12 Test repo
10、rt . 6 Annex A (normative) Calculation of tristimulus values . 7 Bibliography. 10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
11、se from IHS -,-,- ISO 5631-2:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technic
12、al committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wi
13、th the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Inte
14、rnational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document ma
15、y be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5631-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps. ISO 5631 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Determination of colo
16、ur by diffuse reflectance: Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (C/2) Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65/10) Part 3: Indoor illumination conditions (D50/2) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale
17、, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 5631-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The colour of an object can be uniquely characterized by means of a triplet of colour coordinates such as the 1964 CIE tristimulus values or
18、the CIELAB 1976 L*, a*, b* coordinates. Apart from the optical properties of the sample, the values of such coordinates depend upon the conditions of measurement, particularly the spectral and geometric characteristics of the instrument used. This part of ISO 5631 should therefore be read in conjunc
19、tion with ISO 2469. This part of ISO 5631 describes the measurement and description of colour in terms of the CIE illuminant D65 and the CIE 1964 (10) standard observer. The analogous measurement and description of colour in terms of the CIE illuminant C and the CIE 1931 (2) standard observer are de
20、scribed in ISO 5631-11). ISO 5631-3 describes the measurement and description of colour in terms of the CIE illuminant D50 and the CIE 1931 (2) standard observer. This method is especially applicable to graphic arts situations where the customer wishes to make measurements under these illuminant/obs
21、erver conditions. The choice of illuminant conditions is important when determining the colour coordinates of white papers containing a fluorescent whitening agent. In ISO 5631-1, the UV content of the illumination is much lower, approximating UV levels encountered in indoor viewing conditions. 1) T
22、o be published. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standar
23、dization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5631-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Paper and board Determination of colour
24、 by diffuse reflectance Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65/10) 1 Scope This part of ISO 5631 specifies a method for measuring the colour of paper and board by the diffuse reflectance method with the elimination of specular gloss. It may be used to determine the colour of papers or boards that
25、contain fluorescent whitening agents, provided the UV content of the illumination on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE standard illuminant D65, using a fluorescent reference standard with an assigned CIE whiteness (D65/10) value provided by an ISO/TC 6 authorized laborat
26、ory, as described in ISO 11475. This part of ISO 5631 is not applicable to coloured papers or boards that incorporate fluorescent dyes or pigments. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition
27、 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse radiance factor ISO 11475:2004, Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 (outdoor daylight) CIE Publication
28、15:2004, Colorimetry, 3rd ed. ASTM E 308-06, Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 radiance factor ratio of the radiance of a surface element of a body in
29、 the direction delimited by a given cone, with its apex at the surface element, to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination NOTE For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, , is the sum of two portions, the reflected radiance factor, S
30、, and the luminescent radiance factor, L, so that = S + L. For non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, S, is numerically equal to the reflectance factor, R. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001
31、 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 5631-2:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3.2 intrinsic radiance factor R radiance factor of a layer or pad of material thick enough to be opaque, such that increasing the thickness
32、 of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured radiance factor NOTE The ratio is often expressed as a percentage. 3.3 reflectance factor R ratio of the radiation reflected by a surface element of a body in the direction delimited by a given cone with its apex at th
33、e surface element to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination NOTE 1 The ratio is often expressed as a percentage. NOTE 2 The reflectance factor is influenced by the backing if the body is translucent. 3.4 intrinsic reflectance factor R reflectance factor of
34、a layer or pad of material thick enough to be opaque, such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured reflectance factor NOTE The reflectance factor of a non-opaque sheet is dependent on the background and is not a material property
35、. 3.5 tristimulus values X10, Y10, Z10 amounts of the three reference colour stimuli, in a given chromatic system, required to match the stimulus considered NOTE 1 In this part of ISO 5631, the CIE standard illuminant D65 and the CIE 1964 (10) standard observer are used to define the trichromatic sy
36、stem. NOTE 2 The subscript 10 is applied to conform to the CIE convention that tristimulus values have the subscript 10 when the CIE 1964 (10) standard observer is used. 3.6 CIELAB colour space three-dimensional, approximately uniform colour space, produced by plotting, in rectangular coordinate L*,
37、 a*, b*, quantities defined by the equations given in Clause 9 NOTE The quantity L* is a measure of the lightness of the test piece, where L* = 0 corresponds to black and L* = 100 is defined by the perfect reflecting diffuser. Visually, the quantities a* and b* represent respectively the red-green a
38、nd yellow-blue axes in colour space, such that +a* is a measure of the degree of redness of the test piece, a* is a measure of the degree of greenness of the test piece, +b* is a measure of the degree of yellowness of the test piece, b* is a measure of the degree of blueness of the test piece. If bo
39、th a* and b* are equal to zero, the test piece is grey. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 04:43:29 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 5631
40、-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 4 Principle The light reflected from a sample under specified conditions is analysed either by a tristimulus-filter colorimeter or by an abridged spectrophotometer, and the colour coordinates are then calculated for D65/10 conditions. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Reflect
41、ometer. 5.1.1 Reflectometer, having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics described in ISO 2469, and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469. If materials containing fluorescent whitening agents are to be measured, the reflectometer shall be equipped with a radiati
42、on source having an adequate UV-content control, adjusted to a UV condition corresponding to the D65 standard illuminant by the use of a reference standard, as described in ISO 11475. 5.1.2 In the case of a filter reflectometer, a set of filters that, in conjunction with the optical characteristics
43、of the basic instrument, give overall responses equivalent to the CIE tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system of the test piece evaluated for the CIE illuminant D65. In the case of a filter reflectometer, the radiation falling upon the test piece shall have a UV co
44、ntent corresponding to that of the CIE standard illuminant D65. 5.1.3 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, the instrument shall have a function that permits calculation of the CIE tristimulus values X, Y and Z of the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system of the test piece evaluated for the
45、CIE standard illuminant D65, using the weighting functions given in Annex A. In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, the instrument shall have an adjustable filter with a cut-off wavelength of 395 nm or some other equivalent system, and this filter shall be adjusted or the system shall be cali
46、brated with the help of the fluorescent reference standard (5.2.2), so that the UV content of the illumination falling upon the sample corresponds to that of the CIE standard illuminant D65. 5.2 Reference standards, for calibration of the instrument and the working standards, and used frequently eno
47、ugh to ensure satisfactory calibration and UV adjustment. 5.2.1 Non-fluorescent reference standard, for photometric calibration, issued by an ISO/TC 6 authorized laboratory in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469. 5.2.2 Fluorescent reference standard, for use in adjusting the UV content of the
48、 radiation incident upon the sample, having a CIE whiteness (D65/10) value assigned by an ISO/TC 6 authorized laboratory, as prescribed in ISO 11475:2004, Annex B. 5.3 Working standards, calibrated frequently enough to ensure that satisfactory calibration is maintained. 5.3.1 Two plates of flat opal glass, made of ceramic or other suitable material, cleaned and calibrated as described in ISO 2469. NOTE In some instruments, the function of the prim