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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATlON .MEXJU HAPOHAB OPrAHB3AUHR n0 CTAHI,APTM3AUAB.ORGANlSATiON INTERNATlONALE DE NORMALlSATlON Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections - Part II : Representation of sedimentary rocks Symboles gr
2、aphiques B utiliser sur les cartes, les plans et /es coupes gkologiques de taillk - Partie II : Reprksentation des roches sbdimentaires First edition - 1974-09-15 iz z UDC 526.89 : 003.62 Ref. No. IS0 710/11-1974 (E) Q, = ;3 Descriptors : geology. maps, drawings, transverse sections, sedimentary roc
3、ks, symbols, graphical symbols. Price based on 7 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:28:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
4、S -,-,- FOREWORD IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards institutes (IS0 Member Bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through IS0 Technical Committees. Every Member Body interested in a subject for whic
5、h a Technical Committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated to the Member B
6、odies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. Prior to 1972, the results of the work of the Technical Committees were published as IS0 Recommendations; these documents are now in the process of being transformed into International Standards. As part of thi
7、s process, Technical Committee ISO/TC 82 has reviewed IS0 Recommendation R 71 O/I I and found it suitable for transformation. International Standard IS0 710/l I therefore replaces IS0 Recommendation R 71 O/I l-1968. IS0 Recommendation R 71O/ll was approved by the Member Bodies of the following count
8、ries : Belgium Greece Brazil Hungary Chile India Czechoslovakia Italy Egypt, Arab Rep. of Japan France Korea, Rep. of Germany Netherlands Poland Portugal South Africa, Rep. of Spain Sweden Turkey U.S.S.R. The Member Bodies of the following countries expressed disapproval of the Recommendation on tec
9、hnical grounds : New Zealand* Yugoslavia The Member Body of the following country disapproved the transformation of ISO/R 710/l I into an International Standard : Poland Other documents in this series on graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections include : Part I
10、 : General rules of representation. Part I I I : Representation of magmatic rocks. Part IV : Representation of metamorphicrocks. (In preparation.) Part V : Representation of minerals. (In preparation.) l Subsequently, this Member Body approved the Recommendation. 0 International Organization for Sta
11、ndardization, 1974 l Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:28:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INT
12、ERNATIONAL STANDARD 1s0 710/11-1974 (E) Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections - Part II : Representation of sedimentary rocks 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This international Standard provides a unified series of symbols and ornaments for the representati
13、on of sedimentary rocks on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections. The symbols and ornaments may be divided in two groups, as follows : 1) principal types; 2) varia. They are reproduced in two tables which, being derived from a logical system, may be completed easily in case of need. 2 P
14、RINCIPAL TYPES 2.1 Principles of representation (see table 1) In columns 1 to 15 of the table comprising 18 principal types, i.e. 18 rows numbered 1 to 18, the nature of the rock is specified as far as possible by means of an adjective; each column designates a petrographic property of the rock in q
15、uestion (box 3/12, for example, represents an area of sandy limestone.1) At the top of table 1 (line entitled “Elementary symbols”) are given the individual symbols, several of which, when juxtaposed, form the ornaments of the corresponding rocks. The constituents of rocks are given from left to rig
16、ht : first the elastic constituents (from detritus to clay), followed by the chemical and organic sediments. In the main, the same order is observed for the horizontal subdivision of table 1. 2.1.1 The elementary symbols shown have been used to form the ornaments with an irregular arrangement to cha
17、racterize loose rocks and a systematic staggered arrangement to represent consolidated rocks. 2.1.2 The column “Basic types”, comprises rocks with no supplementary characterization, and pure types. “Mixed types“, on the other hand, are rocks whose composition is characterized by their petrographic p
18、eculiarities, for example, by a binder such as argillaceous sandstone, box 518, or by additional constituents such as gritty sand, box 2/3. The boxes at the intersection of a basic type (horizontal line) and of the same character (vertical column) are left white and are emphasized by a diagonal. 2.2
19、 Individual symbols As far as possible, the selected ornaments express in a diagrammatic way the nature of the rocks. This is relatively easy to accomplish in the case of elastic sedimentary rocks. 2.2.1 Detritus This is represented by sharp-cornered particles; rounded gravel is represented by round
20、 particles. The smaller grain of sand is marked on the drawing by a dot. A more detailed subdivision according to the size of the grains, for example, division into coarse, medium or fine sand, may be obtained by a corresponding variation in the dimension of the symbols. As an example, the four foll
21、owing ornaments show the way in which it is possible to distinguish between the different types of sand depending on the size of the grains (see figures 1 to 4). . . * -. I l * .:,: l *. . *.a. l . . . .-: . . . . . . . * : .* I .,. * : .-. . .* .* . . . . . . * . . * 8 .;*. . . . . . . ,. ; : : I :
22、 .: .:.:,. . . : : : .-: :.: . 0 ., . l .a cl l .*. l .* . . ., .:*,* -9 FIGURE 1 - Coarse sand FIGURE 2 -Medium sand FIGURE 3 - Fine sand FIGURE 4 -Sand with grains of different sizes 1) In order to designate a box, always quote first the number of the column and second the number of the line, the
23、two numbers being separated by a stroke, for example, 3/ 12. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:28:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
24、rom IHS -,-,- IS0 710/11-1974 (E) 2.2.2 Silt The elementary symbol is made up of two dots (the symbol of sand) and a line (the symbol of ciay) corresponding to the dimension of its particles which have an intermediary place between sand and clay. It should, however, be noted that the dots should tou
25、ch the line. 2.2.10 Carbonaceous nature This is represented by a black band resembling the cross-section of a seam of coal. 2.2.3 Clay and clay rocks A horizontal ornament has been chosen among the basic types, in order to illustrate the imperviousness of these rocks. In the ornament for shale which
26、 is characterized by the highest degree of consolidation, the lines are elongated so that they form continuous lines. 2.2.4 Limestone The ornament retained is already widely used and has the form of a trellised framework. it represents a stratified limestone with its fissures. 2.2.5 Dolomite In this
27、 ornament, where calcium is partially replaced by magnesium, the vertical lines slope slightly towards the right, forming an angle of 60” with the horizontal. The same oblique line is found again in the ornaments for potassium-magnesium salts. The elementary symbols for the two carbonates make use o
28、f the characteristic part of the corresponding ornaments. 2.2.6 Gypsum The elementary symbol is a simplified reproduction of its typical twin crystal known under the name “fer de lance”. ) The angle shall be 90” in order to give a more elongated form to the symbol. 2.2.7 Anhydrite The same symbol as
29、 in 2.2.6, but reversed, is used to represent anhydrite. Being similar to the letter A (Anhydrite), it is relatively easy to remember. 2.2.8 Sodium salt This is represented by a square, derived from the cubic shape of its crystal. In order to distinguish sodium salt from potassium-magnesium salts, a
30、 diagonal line shall be traced in the square, descending from left to right in the case of a magnesium salt (by analogy with the symbol for dolomite). 2.2.9 Ferruginous”and 5iliceous”symbols The forms finally retained have been adopted because no better ones were available. None of the efforts made
31、to find a descriptive method of showing the property of these rocks have led to any fully satisfactory solution. 2.2.11 Peat This symbol is composed of two black rectangles placed slightly out of alignment, recalling the manner of superimposing layers of peat to dry them in air. The black triangle s
32、ignifying “bituminous” is already widely used. 2.2.12 Mineable deposits of any nature These are represented by black or by a very densely cross-hatched portion. This representation shall be used primarily for mineable deposits such as coal (hard coal or lignite), bauxite, iron ores, phosphates, sulp
33、hur, and manganese ores. When a mineable deposit is constituted by a rock for which an ornament has already been provided in table 1 (for example, rock-salt, gypsum), it may be represented either by black or by a densely hatched portion or even by the corresponding ornament. Where the black colour o
34、r the hatched portion would cover too large a surface on the map, preference shall be given to the ornament. In order to characterize particular properties of mineable deposits, corresponding symbols are included in white areas on the black background (see figures 5 and 6). Examples : FIGURE 5 -Sand
35、y coal FIG UR E 6 - Phosphoritic iron ore Wherever a deposit is represented by black or by a densely hatched portion, the nature of the rock shall be indicated in a key. 2.2.13 Mixed rocks These ornaments are combinations of ornaments of the basic types and of the elementary symbols. Obviously, it i
36、s possible to include in a basic ornament several accessory elementary symbols in order to give a more detailed representation of a rock. In the table this representation of a more detailed nature has been abandoned with a view to obtaining greater clarity. The series of mixed types appearing in tab
37、le 1 is far from being exhaustive. 1) This designation means “spear-head”. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:28:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted w
38、ithout license from IHS -,-,- Nature of rock Detritus Gritty pebbly Sandy Silty A c Elementary symbols 0 0 . - 1 2 3 4 BASIC TYPES 1 Detritus 2 Gravel 3 Sand 24 I - - - I-II - - - Ib-01 I / / I I I 4 Silt 5 Clay 6 Breccia 7 Conglomerate 8 Sandstone 9 Siltstone / / / 10 Mudstone 11 Shale Copyright In
39、ternational Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:28:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 710/11-1974 (E) TABLE 1 - Principal types 1 / Potassium
40、- laceous Calcareous Dolomitic Gypsiferous Anhydrite Sodium salt magnesium Ferruginous Siliceous Carbonaceous Bituminous I salt - I I v A d b) symbols for minerals; c) ornaments and symbols for other important features concerning sedimentary rocks. 3.2 Groups of varia EEI FIGURE 7 - Limestone 3.2.1
41、Rocks This group contains ornaments for rocks for which the diagrammatic representation of the principal types is not very suitable. Examples : 1 Greywacke (No. 101). Figures 16, 17 and 18 below show a combination of the elementary symbols of the essential constituents of this type of rock, i.e. of
42、the symbol for sandstone, the principal constituent of greywacke, of symbols for rock fragments (for example, volcanic rocks) and of the symbol for feldspar. - lizzl - El - - - - FIGURE 8 -Argillaceous limestone (see box 5/l 2) FIGURE 9 - Marly limestone FIGURE 10 - Calcareous marl - - -0 El 9 . . .
43、 v 1 - FIGURE 11 - Marl (see table 2, No. 1051 FIGURE 16 - Greywacke P . o . . o * /a FIGURE 12 -Clayey marl FIGURE 17 - Greywacke FIGURE 13 - Marly mudstone FIGURE 18 - Greywacke FIGURE 14 - Calcareous mudstone (see box 6/l 0) 2 Loess (No. 111). Since the size of the particles of loess is almost eq
44、ual to the size of the particles of silt, the same elementary symbol (see 2.2.2) has been retained for loess; the lines however are arranged vertically and the dots added irregularly either on the right or on the left of each line. The vertical arrangement of the lines is a reminder of the straight
45、walls which are characteristic of loess. 3 Boulder clay (No. 113). When it is necessary to distinguish between boulder clay and boulder marlstone, the oblique line shown in No. 113 of table 2, which represents the ciay-like character, is replaced by a relatively short vertical line, which indicates
46、the lime content of marlstone (see figure 19). - - F- - - - - - FIGURE 15 - Mudstone 3 VARlA 3.1 Principles of representation (see table 2) Table 2 “Varia” is complementary to table 1 “Principal types” (see clause 2). It comprises not only symbols and ornaments for sedimentary rocks which are relati
47、vely rare or which are hardly suitable for diagrammatic representation as used in the case of principal types, but also symbols for the inclusions found in sedimentary rocks (minerals, etc.). -0 - I I * I .o, . . 0 1. FIGURE 19 - Boulder marlstone 5 Copyright International Organization for Standardi
48、zation Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:28:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 71o/ll-1974 (El 3.2.2 Minerals This group contains the symbols of certain minerals which may
49、serve for a more precise characterization of sedimentary rocks (see figure 20). FIGURE 20 -Marl with pyrite inclusions Examples : 1 Feldspar (No. 201). The symbol represents several long crystals of feldspar included in a sedimentary rock. 2 Mica (No. 202). The symbol confers the impression of a few small flakes of mica