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1、A Reference number ISO 7176-7:1998(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-7 First edition 1998-05-15 Wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Fauteuils roulants Partie 7: Mesurage des dimensions dassise et des roues ISO 7176-7:1998(E) ISO 1998 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise
2、 specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzer
3、land Internetcentraliso.ch X.400c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland ii ContentsPage 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions and abbreviations2 4Principle6 5Test equipment6 6Preparation of the wheelchair6 7Measurement procedure.8 8Measurement records and disclosure.41
4、 Annex A: Reference loader gauges.42 Annex B: Data forms.47 ISOISO 7176-7:1998(E) iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out th
5、rough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO colla
6、borates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
7、 at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 7176-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Technical systems and aids for disabled or handicapped persons, Subcommittee 1, Wheelchairs. ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelch
8、airs: Part 1: Determination of static stability Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of the efficiency of brakes Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for determination of theoretical distance range Part 5: Determination o
9、f overall dimensions, mass and turning space Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and retardation of electric wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths Part 9: Climatic tests for elec
10、tric wheelchairs Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electric wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies -,-,- ISO 7176-7:1998(E) ISO iv Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces Part 14: Power and control systems of electric wheelchairs Requirements and test metho
11、ds Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling Part 16: Resistance to ignition of upholstered parts Requirements and test methods The following parts are also on the programme of work: Part 17: Serial interface for electric wheelchair controllers Part 18: Stair-trav
12、ersing devices Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles Part 20: Determination of the performance of stand-up wheelchairs Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of powered wheelchairs and motorized scooters Part 22: Set-up procedure for adjustable
13、 wheelchairs A Technical Report will also be made available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO 7176. Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 7176. Annex B is for information only. -,-,- ISOISO 7176-7:1998(E) v Introduction The purpose of this part of ISO 7176 is to ensu
14、re comparability of information on seating and wheel dimensions by specifying a consistent, repeatable method of measurement that provides information relevant to prescribers needs. Wheelchair seats and wheels tend to involve deformable, contoured and flexible structures with few consistent referenc
15、e points to which reliable measurements can be made. In the past, manufacturers have developed their own methods of measurement that differ from each other. This prevents comparison of measurements from one manufacturer to those of another. In addition, measurements are sometimes selected for reason
16、s of ease of measurement rather than for clinical usefulness. For example, seat depth for sling seats is usually determined along the sling material and does not consider the gap between the back of the seat and the backrest. This gap can be as large as 5 cm and significantly affects the wheelchairs
17、 seat depth. Further problems can arise from adjustable features which can interact to generate, potentially, very large numbers of measurements. This part of ISO 7176 involves first placing a standardized loader gauge in the wheelchair seat. Two sizes of loader gauge are specified corresponding res
18、pectively to adult and child body sizes. The gauge deforms any flexible structures in a repeatable manner and provides reference points to which dimensions can be measured. The positions at which measurements are made are described relative to the loader gauge. Accurate positioning of the gauge is e
19、ssential for repeatability of results and is specified in detail in the text. Finally, to facilitate comparisons of different manufacturers data, a format is included in which results are to be presented. It should be noted that wheelchairs are often produced in model ranges, consisting of a basic m
20、odel with a series of variations from this basic model. It is the responsibility of those commissioning the measurements to select which model variations are measured. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOISO 7176-7:1998(E) 1 Wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions 1 Scope This pa
21、rt of ISO 7176 specifies a method for measuring the seating and wheel dimensions of wheelchairs. It is applicable to wheelchairs and vehicles intended to provide indoor and outdoor mobility at speed up to 15 km/h for people with disabilities whose mass does not exceed 120 kg, including the following
22、 classifications from ISO 9999:1992: Electric motor-driven wheelchairs with manual steering12 21 24 Electric motor-driven wheelchairs with power steering12 21 27 Powered attendant-controlled wheelchairs12 21 21 Manual attendant-controlled wheelchairs12 21 03 Bimanual rear-wheel-driven wheelchairs12
23、21 06 Bimanual front-wheel-driven wheelchairs12 21 09 Bimanual lever-driven wheelchairs12 21 12 Single-side-driven nonpowered wheelchairs driven by one arm or one leg12 21 15 Foot-propelled wheelchairs12 21 18 It does not apply to wheelchairs with a seat width of less than 212 mm. This part of ISO 7
24、176 does not specify nominal seating and wheel dimensions for wheelchairs. NOTE For wheelchairs not covered by the scope, this part of ISO 7176 may still give an indication of where measurements should be made. Observe that for wheelchairs designed for users whose mass is significantly greater than
25、the reference loader gauge (see Annex A) and which have compressible parts such as sprung wheels and/or seats, this measurement procedure may not give the correct seat measurements, as the compressible parts will not be fully compressed. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisi
26、ons which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 7176. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 7176 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of a
27、pplying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. -,-,- ISO 7176-7:1998(E) ISO 2 ISO 6440:1985, Wheelchairs Nomenclature, terms and definitions. ISO 7176-15:1996, Wheelchairs Requirements for infor
28、mation disclosure, documentation and labelling. ISO 9999:1992, Technical aids for disabled persons Classification. 3 Definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this part of ISO 7176, the definitions given in ISO 6440 and ISO 7176-15 and the following definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 referen
29、ce loader gauge RLG device used to load wheelchair seat and form a basis from which to make measurements 3.2 seat reference plane plane of the bottom surface of the RLG seat unit, as shown in figure 1 Key 1 Seat reference plane Figure 1 Seat reference plane ISO ISO 7176-7:1998(E) 3 3.3 backrest refe
30、rence plane plane tangential to the vertical midline of the outside curve of the RLG back unit, as shown in figure 2 Key 1 Backrest reference plane Figure 2 Backrest reference plane 3.4 leg reference plane 1) plane tangential to the rear edge of the foot supports or heel loops and the most forward p
31、rojection of the seat see figure 3 a) 2) plane tangential to the rear edge of the foot supports or heel loops of the wheelchair and the most forward projection of the calf supports see figure 3 b) NOTE Figure 4 shows the tangent point of the leg reference plane (point X) with different types of foot
32、 support. -,-,- ISO 7176-7:1998(E) ISO 4 Key 1 Leg reference plane 2 Seat reference plane 3 Backrest reference plane 4 RLG a) Leg reference plane with forward seat projection Key 1 Leg reference plane 2 Footrest 3 Calf support b) Leg reference plane with calf support Figure 3 Leg reference planes IS
33、O ISO 7176-7:1998(E) 5 Dimensions in millimetres Key X Tangent point 1 Leg reference plane4 Tubular foot support with heel loop 2 Standard foot support5 Tubular foot support without heel loop 3 Foot support with heel loop6 Heel loop *) 60 for child RLG Figure 4 Leg reference plane intersection with
34、different types of foot support -,-,- ISO 7176-7:1998(E) ISO 6 3.5 reference configuration configuration for adjustable wheelchairs, produced by a standard procedure of adjustment to ensure comparability of results between wheelchairs 3.6 specification sheet manufacturers pre-sale literature that gi
35、ves wheelchair performance information 3.7 data form form for recording measurements (see Annex B) 3.8 negative camber position in which the wheels are inclined toward each other so that the tops of the wheels are closer to each other than the bottoms 4 Principle An RLG is positioned in the wheelcha
36、ir seat so as to provide repeatable deformation of the wheelchair and seat structure. Measurements of seating and wheel dimensions are made to reference points and planes on the RLG. 5 Test equipment 5.1 Adult Reference Loader Gauge, as specified in Annex A. 5.2 Child Reference Loader Gauge, as spec
37、ified in Annex A. 5.3 Means for measuring linear dimensions up to 2 m to an accuracy of 1 mm. 5.4 Means for measuring the angles of surfaces to each other and/or to vertical or horizontal to the nearest degree to an accuracy of 0,2 o. 5.5 Means of measuring forces between 25 N and 250 N to an accura
38、cy of 5 N. 5.6 Flat, hard test plane large enough to accommodate the wheelchair throughout the test and that lies between two imaginary parallel planes 5 mm apart when loaded with the wheelchair. NOTE The imaginary planes are intended to provide a measure of control on the flatness of the test plane
39、. 5.7 Means to prevent movement of the wheelchair during the positioning procedure. NOTE Locating the test plane adjacent to a wall or simular obstruction is recommended (see figures 7 and 8). 6 Preparation of the wheelchair 6.1 General Prepare the wheelchair as follows before commencing the sequenc
40、e of measurements. 6.2 Equipping the wheelchair Fit any appropriate armrests, headrest, leg supports and/or footrests specified by those commissioning the tests. Remove any loose cushions, straps, etc. which are not fastened to and are not an integral part of the wheelchair necessary for normal use.
41、 -,-,- ISO ISO 7176-7:1998(E) 7 6.3 Inflation of pneumatic tyres If the wheelchair has pneumatic tyres, inflate them to the pressure recommended by the wheelchair manufacturer. If a pressure range is given, inflate to the highest pressure in the range. If there is no recommendation for inflation pre
42、ssure from the wheelchair manufacturer, inflate the tyres to the maximum pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer. 6.4 Adjustments Set the wheelchair to the reference configuration as follows. 6.4.1 Position parts to any manufacturers recommendations for driving. 6.4.2 For parts where there are
43、 no manufacturers recommendations for driving, set the adjustable parts of the wheelchair so that as many as possible of the following settings are achieved with priority given to those earliest in the sequence. NOTE 1 When adjusting parts of a wheelchair, it is often the case that an adjustment to
44、one part changes another, e.g. changing the wheel position may also change the seat angle. Thus, it may be necessary to make several readjustments to some parts to compensate for the interaction of others. It may also be the case that in order to achieve one setting it is impossible to achieve anoth
45、er. a) Place the wheelchair in the test plane (see 5.6) with the castors in their forward trailing position. b) Set any castor stem vertical with a tolerance of 1 0 or, if this is not possible, to the nearest position to vertical in the negative direction. NOTE 2 A negative castor stem angle is that
46、 in which the top of the stem is to the rear of the bottom of the stem. c) If the body support systems position relative to the frame can be adjusted horizontally and/or vertically, set at the midposition or, where there is no provision for a middle setting, the nearest to the rear of or below the m
47、id- position 5 mm. NOTE 3 At this stage in the process, it is sufficient for adjustments d, e and f to be set based on measurements using an inclinometer placed on the relevant surface. NOTE 4 This adjustment is not intended for wheelchairs with elevation seat. d) Set adjustable seats so that the se
48、at surface has an angle of 8 2 to the horizontal with its forward edge higher than the rear. If this angle is not possible to achieve, adjust to the nearest greater angle or, if this angle is also impossible to achieve, to the angle nearest to 8. e) Set adjustable backrests so that the backrest has an angle of 10 2 to vertical with the top behind the bottom. If this angle is not possible to achieve, adjust to the nearest greater angle or, if this