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1、J I S H*740L 73 4933b08 05Lb2L 080 IS UDC 669.01 8.9:543:620.168.3 JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD Test method for volume fraction of fiber in metal matrix composites Translated and Published bY Japanese Standards Association Printed in Japan 6 s Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS
2、 under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S HUiYOL 93 = 4933b08 05Lb2L TL7 In the event of any doubt arising, the original Standard in Japanese is to be
3、 final authority. Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S H+74Ol1 93 4933606 05Lb219 953 UDC
4、 669.018.9 : 543 : 620.168.3 JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD J I S Test method for volume fraction H 7401-1993 of fiber in metal matrix composites 1. Scope volume fraction of fiber in metal matrix composites (hereafter referred to as “composites“). This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the test m
5、ethod for Remarks 1. This Standard may apply to particle reinforced metals using particles as a reinforcement. as “reinforced particle“. matrix can be dissolved with acid or alkali. For the dissolving solution, that which is easy to dissolve the matrix and difficult to erode reinforced fiber shall b
6、e selected. In that case, “reinforced fiber“ in this Standard shall be read 2. This Standard shall be applied to composites of which the 3. The following standards are cited in this Standard: JIS H 7006 JIS R 3503 JIS Z 8401 JIS Z 8807 Glossary of terms used in metal matrix composites Glass apparatu
7、s for chemical analysis Rules for rounding off of numerical values Measuring methods for specific gravity of solid 2. Definitions given in JIS H 7006 apply. For the main terms used in this Standard, the definitions 3. Apparatus follows : The principal apparatus used in this Standard shall be as (3)
8、(4) (5) Balance sensibility. Crucible sintered glass filter follows: (a) (b) A balance shall have precision of at least 0.1 mg in reciprocal A crucible sintered glass filter shall be as For a diameter of reinforced fiber of under 5 ,um, the crucible sintered glass filter G-4 specified in JIS R 3503
9、shall be used. For a diameter of reinforced fiber of 5 pm or over to and excluding 20 pm, the crucible sintered glass filter G-3 or G-4 specified in JIS R 3503 shall be used. For a diameter of reinforced fiber of at least 20 pm, the crucible sintered glass filter of a suitable fine pore size may be
10、used. (c) Desiccator A desiccator containing a desiccating agent shall be used. Beaker Watch glass shall be used. For a beaker, the tall beaker of 300 ml in capacity shall be used. For watch glasses, those of 50 mm and 70 mm in diameter Heating water tank Washing bottle Copyright Japanese Standards
11、Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S Ht74Ol1 73 m 4933608 05Lb220 b75 m 2 H 7401-1993 (8) Pressure reducing device For
12、 a pressure reducing device, an aspirator shall be used. (9) Oven 4 . Test pieces 4.1 The mass of a test piece shall be about 1 g. The test piece shall be cut to an optional form so as to represent the whole of fiber reinforced metal. Mass of a test piece 4.2 Number of test pieces pieces. The number
13、 of test pieces shall be at least three 5. Operation 5.1 Selection of operation method for the operation of a test, it should be preferable to perform the test by the precise method. Further, the simple method applies to the cases where the same materials as the matrix and reinforced fiber in compos
14、ites can not be obtained, or where dissolution residue in the matrix, and loss and omission of recovery of the reinforced fiber can be ignored. Though there is a precise method and a simple 5 . 2 Precise method 5.2.1 Measurement of density fol10 w s: The measurement of density shall be as (1) (2) (3
15、) Measure the mass WO of a test piece accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. Obtain the density of a test piece in accordance with JIS Z 8807. Obtain the densities of a metal lump and reinforced fiber of the same composition and almost the same work history as the matrix and reinforced fiber in composite
16、s in accordance with JIS Z 8807. 5.2.2 sites test piece shall be dissolved as follows: Dissolution of matrix of composites test piece The matrix of a compo- (1) (2) (3) (4) After washing a crucible sintered glass filter, dry it to a constant temperature with an oven at 393 K, and allow it to cool in
17、 a desiccator. Weigh the mass Wi of the crucible sintered glass filter accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. Measure the enough amount of acid or alkali to dissolve the matrix with a measuring cylinder and put it into a tall beaker. Put the tall beaker into a heating water tank kept at a suitable temper
18、ature, immerse the test piece thereinto, and cover it with a watch glass of 70 mm in diameter. At the same time, record the time when the test piece was immersed. a a a a Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bern
19、ie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S Hx740L 93 4933608 05Lb22L 501 = 3 H 7401-1993 (5) (6) After confirming the end of reaction for dissolving the matrix by the finish of foaming from the test piece, allow it to stand
20、for 30 min or longer. Take the tall beaker out of the heating water tank. After cooling to room temperature, add distilled water 4 times as much as the amount put in (3) to the tall beaker. In this case, record the time for allowing the tall beaker to stay in the heating water tank. Use the crucible
21、 sintered glass filter and a pressure reducing device to separate the residue in the tall beaker by filtration. Further, recover all the dissolution residue without remainder in the tall beaker. For example, after transferring the dissolving solution and the residue to the crucible sintered glass fi
22、lter, wash the wall of the tall beaker with distilled water, and thereafter filter the washings also with the crucible sintered glass filter. Wash the crucible sintered glass filter and the residue with distilled water, (7) (8) - and then wash them with acetone. Cover the crucible sintered glass fil
23、ter wherein the residue was recovered (9) and washed with a watch glass of 50 mm in diameter, dry it to a constant temperature in an oven of 393 K, and allow it to cool in a desiccator. Weigh the mass W2 of the crucible sintered glass filter containing the residue accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. (
24、10) 5.2.3 of a metal lump of the same composition and almost the same work history as those of the matrix weigh the mass W 3 of the metal lump, and the mass W4 (before recovery of the residue) and W g (after recovery of the residue) of the crucible sintered glass filter before and after recovery of
25、the residue by the same operation as in 5.2.2 accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. Measurement of dissolution residual quantity of matrix For about 1 g 5.2.4 it in reacting solution for the same time as reaction time required in 5.2.2, and weigh the mass Ws of reinforced fiber, and the mass W7 (before
26、recovery of reinforced fiber) and Wa (after recovery of reinforced fiber) of the crucible sintered glass filter before and after recovery accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. Measurement of variation in mass of fiber For the reinforced fiber, put 5.3 Simple method 5.3.1 Measurement of density The densi
27、ty shall be measured as follows: (1) (2) (3) Weigh the mass Wo of a test piece accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. Obtain the density of the test piece in accordance with JIS Z 8807. Obtain the density of reinforced fiber used for composites in accordance with JIS Z 8807. 5.3.2 piece of composites sha
28、ll be dissolved as follows: Dissolution of matrix of composites test piece The matrix of a test Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking per
29、mitted without license from IHS -,-,- JIS Ht7YO3 93 4733608 0536222 448 4 H 7401-1993 After washing a crucible sintered glass filter, dry it to a constant temperature in an oven of 393 K, and allow it to cool in a desiccator. Weigh tnhe mass Wi of the crucible sintered glass filter accurately to the
30、 nearest 0.1 mg. Measure the enough amount of acid or alkali to dissolve the matrix with a measuring cylinder, and put it into a tall beaker. Put the tall beaker into a heating water tank kept at a suitable tempe- rature, immerse a test piece into that, and cover it with a watch glass of 70 mm in di
31、ameter. After confirming the end of reaction for dissolving the matrix by the finish of foaming from the test piece, allow it to stand for at least 30 min. Take the tall beaker out of the heating water tank. After cooling to room temperature, add distilled water 4 times as much as the amount put in
32、(3) to the tall beaker. Use the crucible sintered glass filter and a pressure reducing device to separate the residue in the tall beaker by filtration. Wash the crucible sintered glass filter and the residue with distilled water, and then wash it with acetone. Cover the crucible sintered glass filte
33、r wherein the residue was recovered and washed with a watch glass of 50 mm in diameter, dry it to a constant temperature in an oven of 393 K, and allow it to cool in a desiccator. Weigh the mass W z of the sintered glass filter containing the residue accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg. 6. Calculation
34、calculated as follows: The volume fraction of fiber and the void content shall be (1) For precise method Obtain the volume fraction of fiber according to the formula (4) after calculating by the formulas (1) to (3). calculating by the formula (5). Further, obtain the void content according to the fo
35、rmula (6) after (1) . w 2 - W l w o R, = where, Ra : mass ratio of dissolution residue in composites Wo : mass of composites test piece (kg) W z : mass of crucible sintered glass filter after recovery of dissolution residue in composites kg) recovery of dissolution residue in composites Wi : mass of
36、 crucible sintered glass filter before t kg) a a a a Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S
37、 H*irOL 93 4933b08 0536223 38i.1 5 H 7401-1993 . (2) cm = w 5 - w 4 w 3 where, Cm : mass ratio of dissolution residue of metal lump of the same composition and almost the same work history as the matrix in composites mass of metal lump of the same composition and almost the same work history as the
38、matrix in composites (kg) recovery of dissolution residue in the metal lump (kg) W4 : mass of crucible sintered glass filter before recovery of dissolution residue in the metal lump (kg) W3 : Ws : mass of crucible sintered glass filter after . (3) w a - w 7 Cf = w 6 where, Cf : recovery of fiber of
39、the same composition and almost the same work history as reinforced fiber in composites almost the same work history as reinforced fiber in composites (kg) recovery of reinforced fiber (kg) recovery of reinforced fiber (kg) w 6 : mass of fiber of the same composition and Wa : mass of crucible sinter
40、ed glass filer after W7 : mass of crucible sintered glass filter before . Vf = p . x RQ - c m x 100 (4) Pr Cf - c m where, Vr : volume fraction of fiber (%) pf : density of reinforced fiber (Mg/m3) p. : density of test piece (Mg/m3) Cr : recovery of fiber of the same composition and almost the same
41、work history as reinforced fiber in composites Cm : mass ratio of dissolution residue of metal lump of the same composition and almost the same work history as the matrix in composites R Q : mass ratio of dissolution residue in composites Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS unde
42、r license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S H*7401 93 4933b08 051b224 210 6 H 7401-1993 v, =p., Pm where, V, : p m : pc : Cf : Ra : . Cf - Ra x 100 (5) Cf -
43、C m volume fraction of matrix (%) density of matrix (Mg/m3) density of test piece (Mg/m3) recovery of fiber of the same composition and almost the same work history of reinforced fiber in composites mass ratio of dissolution residue of metal lump of the same composition and almost the same work hist
44、ory as the matrix in composites mass ratio of dissolution residue in composites . vu = 100 - (V, + Vm) (6 where, Vu : void content (%I V, : volume fraction of fiber (%) V m : volume fraction of matrix (%) (2) For simple method Obtain the volume fraction of fiber according to the formula (7) after ca
45、lculating by the formula (1). Further, do not obtain the void content. Vf = x Ra x 100 (7) Pf where, V, : volume fraction of fiber (%) pf : density of reinforced fiber (Mg/mS) pc : density of test piece (Mg/m3) Ra : mass ratio of dissolution residue in composites 7. Record of results The results sha
46、ll be recorded as follows: (1) The measured value shall be expressed by %. It shall be a numerical value to one place of a decimal for measurement by the precise method in 5.2 and that to integer for measurement by the simple method in 5.3 in accordance with the rounding off of numerical values spec
47、ified in JIS 2 8401. Average, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation shall be calculated according to the formulas (8), (9), and (10). Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/12/2
48、007 02:50:59 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- J I S H*740L 93 4933608 0516225 I157 W 7. H 7401-1993 (8) T = - M 1 n - where, x : average (% n : number of measurements X : each measured value (%) (9) = (X - II n - 1 s = where, s : standard deviation (%) X : each measured value (%) n : number of measurements 3 7 : average (%) S . cv = x 100 (10) where, CV : coefficient of variation (%) s : standard deviation (%) x : average (%) - 8. Report results. The following items shall be stated in the report on t