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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2003 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、 be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fa
4、x: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org Plating, Electroless Nickel 1.SCOPE: 1.1Purpose: This specification covers the engineering requirements for electroless nickel deposited on various materials. 1.2Application: This deposit has been used typically to provide a uni
5、form build-up on intricate shapes, to improve wear and/or corrosion resistance, or to improve solderability on or for selected materials, but usage is not limited to such applications. The deposit has been used in service up to 1000 F (540 C) although wear and/or corrosion resistance may degrade as
6、service temperature increases. 1.3Classification: Plating covered by this specification is classified as follows: Class 1: Except for hydrogen embrittlement relief, no post plating thermal treatment. Class 2: Thermal treatment at 450 F (232 C) or above to harden the deposit. Class 3: Thermal treatme
7、nt at 375 F (191 C) to improve adhesion for nonheat-treatable aluminum alloys and beryllium alloys. Class 4: Thermal treatment at 250 F (121 C) to improve adhesion for heat-treatable aluminum alloys. 1.3.1Unless a specific class is specified, Class 1 shall be supplied. AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATI
8、ON AMS 2404E IssuedSEP 1957 RevisedJUN 2003 Superseding AMS 2404D AMS 2404ESAEAMS 2404E - 2 - 1.4Safety - Hazardous Materials: While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does n
9、ot address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:
10、 The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cance
11、lled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.org. AMS 2759/9Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts AMS-C-26074Coatings,
12、Electroless Nickel Requirements for 2.2ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.astm.org. ASTM B 117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing Apparatus ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination o
13、f a Cross Section ASTM B 499Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B 567Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method ASTM B 568Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B 571Adhesio
14、n of Metallic Coatings ASTM B 636Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer ASTM B 748Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope ASTM B 764Simultaneous Thickness and Electrochemical
15、Potential Determination of Individual Layers on Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test) ASTM E 384Microhardness of Materials ASTM F 519Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Plating Processes and Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals -,-,- AMS 2404ESAEAMS 2404E - 3 - 3.TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1Prepar
16、ation: 3.1.1Steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC or higher and which have been ground after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and suitably stress relieved before preparation for plating. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that maximum stress relief
17、is obtained without reducing hardness of parts below drawing limits, but, unless otherwise specified, not less than 275 F (135 C) for not less than five hours for parts having hardness of 55 HRC or higher or not less than 375 F (191 C) for not less than four hours for other parts. 3.1.2Parts shall h
18、ave clean surfaces, free of water break, prior to immersion in the plating solution. 3.1.2.1Care must be used if parts are to be cleaned with acids which may pit the surface or induce hydrogen embrittlement in ferrous alloys. This includes, but is not limited to, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. In
19、general, a momentary dip in such acids for surface activation or neutralization after alkaline cleaning is permissible, but immersion for an extended time is prohibited. 3.2Procedure: 3.2.1Plating shall be performed by chemical deposition of a nickel-phosphorus coating onto a properly prepared surfa
20、ce. 3.2.2Plated parts shall be removed from the plating solution, thoroughly rinsed, and dried. 3.2.3Double plating is prohibited. Spotting in is not permitted. 3.3Post Treatment: 3.3.1Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief: Treatment of steel parts shall be in accordance with AMS 2759/9. 3.3.2Heat Treatment
21、 for Hardness or Adhesion Enhancement: When Class 2, 3, or 4 is specified, parts, after plating, rinsing, and drying, shall be thermally treated. 3.3.2.1When Class 2 is specified, parts shall be heated to a selected temperature within the range of 450 to 800 F (232 to 427 C) and held for sufficient
22、time to increase hardness of the deposit (See 3.4.4 and 8.6). Hydrogen embrittlement relief (3.3.1) may be omitted if Class 2 hardening is accomplished within four hours after plating. 3.3.2.2When Class 3 is specified, parts shall be heated to 375 F 15 (191 C 8) for 1 to 1.5 hours. 3.3.2.3When Class
23、 4 is specified, parts shall be heated to 250 F 10 (121 C 6) for 1 to 1.5 hours. AMS 2404ESAEAMS 2404E - 4 - 3.4Properties: Plating shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1Thickness: Shall be as specified on the drawing, determined in accordance with ASTM B 487, ASTM B 499, ASTM B 567, AST
24、M B 568, ASTM B 748, ASTM B 764, or by other method acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.2Adhesion shall meet the requirements of ASTM B 571 bend test or, when acceptable to purchaser, 3.4.2.1. 3.4.2.1Plating shall comply with all criteria of 3.5 after being heated in air, preferably in a circulating-air fu
25、rnace, at 700 F 15 (371 C 8) for 23 hours 1 followed by heating at 1000 F 15 (538 C 8) for 60 minutes 5. 3.4.3Corrosion Resistance of Plated Carbon and Alloy Steels: Carbon and low-alloy steel parts or test panels (See 4.3.1.3) having minimum plating thickness of 0.001 inch (25 m), shall, after plat
26、ing and embrittlement-relieving, show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for not less than 48 hours to continuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117 (See 4.3.1.2). 3.4.3.1When AMS-C-26074 Grade A is specified, aluminum alloy parts
27、or test panels having minimum plating thickness of 0.0010 inch (25 m), shall, after plating and thermal treatment, show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for not less than 100 hours to continuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117
28、. 3.4.3.2When AMS-C-26074 Grade C is specified, carbon and low alloy steel parts or test panels having minimum plating thickness of 0.0015 inch (37 m), shall, after plating and embrittlement- relieving, show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for not less than 1
29、00 hours to continuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117. 3.4.4Hardness: Class 2 plating shall be not lower than 800 HK100, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 384. 3.4.5Hydrogen Embrittlement: The plating process shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement
30、 in steel parts, after baking, determined in accordance with 4.3.1.4. 3.4.6Internal Stress: The cognizant engineering organization may specify a compressive stress value for Class 1 plating up to 10 ksi (69 MPa), determined in accordance with ASTM B 636. 3.4.7Composition: The cognizant engineering o
31、rganization may specify a phosphorus content range of the deposit. When specified, the composition of the deposit shall be determined by a method acceptable to purchaser. -,-,- AMS 2404ESAEAMS 2404E - 5 - 3.5Quality: Plating, as received by purchaser, shall be smooth, continuous, and uniform in appe
32、arance and shall be free from frosty areas, pinholes, blisters, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the plate. Slight staining or discoloration is permissible. Class 2 plating may discolor from thermal treatment. 4.QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS: 4.1Responsibility for Inspection: The proce
33、ssor shall supply all samples for processors test and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Parts, if required for tests, shall be supplied by purchaser. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that plating c
34、onforms to specified requirements. 4.2Classification of Tests: 4.2.1Acceptance Tests: Thickness (3.4.1), adhesion (3.4.2), and quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each lot. 4.2.2Periodic Tests: Corrosion resistance (3.4.3), internal stress, if specified (3.4.6), composition,
35、 if specified (3.4.7), and cleaning and plating solution analyses (See 8.4) to ensure that the deposited metal will conform to this specification are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the processor unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser. Testing for hydr
36、ogen embrittlement (3.4.5) shall be performed in accordance with ASTM F 519 at least once in each month that parts 36 HRC and over are plated. Testing for hardness (3.4.4) shall be performed at least once in each month. 4.2.3Preproduction Tests: All technical requirements are preproduction tests and
37、 shall be performed prior to or on the initial shipment of plated parts to a purchaser, when a change in material and/or processing requires approval by the cognizant engineering organization (See 4.4.2), and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required. 4.3Sampling for Tests: 4.3.1Sampl
38、e Configuration: 4.3.1.1Nondestructive testing shall be performed wherever practical. Except as noted below, actual parts shall be selected as samples for tests. 4.3.1.2Separate test specimens, made of the same generic class of alloy as the parts, distributed within the lot, cleaned, plated, and pos
39、t treated with the parts shall be used when plated parts are of such configuration or size as to be not readily adaptable to specified tests, when nondestructive testing is not practical on actual parts, or it is not economically acceptable to perform destructive tests on actual parts. -,-,- AMS 240
40、4ESAEAMS 2404E - 6 - 4.3.1.3Corrosion Test: Test panels shall be low carbon steel approximately 0.032 x 4 x 6 inches (0.81 x 102 x 152 mm) or bars approximately 0.5 inch (13 mm) in diameter and four inches (102 mm) long having a surface roughness not to exceed 40 microinches (1 m) RHR. Aluminum allo
41、y test panels, made of the same generic class of alloy as the parts being plated, shall be used in any month when aluminum alloy parts are plated. 4.3.1.4Hydrogen Embrittlement Test: Test shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F 519 Type 1A using round notched specimens, unless a diffe
42、rent specimen is specified by the purchaser, stressed in tension under constant load. For test purposes, the plating thickness shall be 0.001 to 0.0012 inch (25 to 30 m) measured on the smooth section of the specimen, but with visual plating at the root of the notch. 4.3.1.5Internal Stress Test: Whe
43、n an internal stress requirement is imposed by the cognizant engineering organization, test specimens shall be plated to a thickness not less than 0.0006 inch (15 m) and shall conform to ASTM B 636. 4.3.2Sample Quantity: 4.3.2.1Acceptance tests shall be in accordance with Table 1; a lot shall be all
44、 parts of the same part number, plated to the same range of plate thickness in the same solutions, in each eight hours of continuous production, and presented for processors inspection at one time. 4.3.2.2For Periodic Tests: Sample quantity and frequency of testing shall be at the discretion of the
45、processor unless otherwise specified by the purchaser or herein. Sample quantity for hydrogen embrittlement and hardness tests shall be four minimum. 4.4Approval: 4.4.1The process and control factors, a preproduction part, or both, whichever is specified, shall be approved by the cognizant engineeri
46、ng organization before production parts are supplied. TABLE 1 - Sampling for Acceptance Tests Number of Parts in LotQuality Thickness and Adhesion Up to 7All 3 8 to 15 7 4 16 to 40 10 4 41 to 110 15 5 111 to 300 25 6 301 to 500 35 7 501 to 700 50 8 701 to 1200 7510 Over 120012515 AMS 2404ESAEAMS 240
47、4E - 7 - 4.4.2The processor shall make no significant change to materials, processes, or controls from those on which the approval was based, unless the change is approved by the cognizant engineering organization. A significant change is one which in the judgment of the cognizant engineering organi
48、zation could affect the properties or performance of the parts. 4.4.3Control factors shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Surface preparation, including strike if used Plating bath composition and composition control limits Plating bath temperature limits and controls Thermal post tr
49、eatment times and temperatures Method for testing plate thickness Method for testing plate adhesion Periodic test plan 4.5Reports: The processor of plated parts shall furnish with each shipment a report stating that the parts have been processed and tested in accordance with specified requirements and that they conform to the acceptance test requirements. This report shall include the purc