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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
3、this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4
4、970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS-H-81200A IssuedAPR 2001 RevisedJUN 2003 Superseding AMS-H-81200 Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys NOTICE This document is intended to replace MIL-H-81200. The
5、 original issue of AMS-H-81200 was taken directly from Military Specification MIL-H-81200A and contained only minor editorial and format changes required to bring it into conformance with the publishing requirements of SAE technical standards. This revision B changes the heat treatment requirements
6、for parts from “may be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of AMS 2801” to “shall be heat treated in accordance with AMS 2801”. As an exception, it allows continuation of heat treatment procedures for specific parts which have been previously acceptable to the purchaser. It also adds th
7、e requirement that the heat treat parameters used for heat-treat-response-tests of raw material conform to the parameters used for heat treatment of parts (See 3.1.1). The original Military Specification was adopted as an SAE standard under the provisions of the SAE Technical Standards Board (TSB) R
8、ules and Regulations (TSB 001) pertaining to accelerated adoption of government specifications and standards. TSB rules provide for (a) the publication of portions of unrevised government specifications and standards without consensus voting at the SAE Committee level, and (b) the use of the existin
9、g government specification or standard format. Under Department of Defense policies and procedures, any qualification requirements and associated qualified products lists are mandatory for DOD contracts. Any requirement relating to qualified products lists (QPLs) has not been adopted by SAE and is n
10、ot part of this SAE technical document. AMS-H-81200ASAEAMS-H-81200A - 2 - 1.SCOPE: 1.1Purpose: This specification covers the heat treatment of titanium and titanium alloy mill products (raw material), including wrought and cast products, by material producers. This specification also covers furnace
11、equipment requirements, test procedures, and general information for heat treating procedures, heat treating temperatures, and material test procedures for the heat treatment of titanium and titanium alloys. It also describes procedures which, when followed, have produced the desired properties with
12、in the limitations of the respective alloys. 1.2Heat treatments: The heat treatments covered by this specification are: AnnealSolution heat treatment Beta annealBeta solution heat treatment Recrystallization annealAge Duplex annealStress relief 1.3Alloys: In addition to Commercially Pure Titanium (T
13、i40, Ti55, and Ti70), the following titanium alloys are covered by this specification: 2.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent rev
14、ision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. Alpha alloysAlpha-Beta alloysBeta alloys 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo6Al-4V13V-11Cr-3Al 5Al-2.5
15、Sn6Al-4V ELI3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr 5Al-2.5Sn ELI6Al-6V-2Sn15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn 6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo3Al-2.5V10V-2Fe-3Al 8Al-1Mo-1V6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo 11Sn-5Zr-2Al-1Mo6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si 5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr -,-,- AMS-H-81200ASAEAMS-H-81200A - 3 - 2.1U.S. Government Publications: Available from DODSSP, Subscrip
16、tion Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. MIL-STD-45662Calibration System Requirement 2.2ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.astm.org. ASTM E 3Metallographic Specimens, Preparation of ASTM E 8T
17、ension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 146Chemical Analysis of Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys ASTM E 290Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Metallic Materials 2.3SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.org. AMS 2750Pyrometry AMS 2801
18、Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy Parts 2.4Order of precedence: In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document shall take precedence. Nothing in this document, however, shall supersede applicable laws and regulations, unless a s
19、pecific exemption has been obtained. 3.REQUIREMENTS: 3.1General: All heating and quenching equipment and procedures applied shall yield products complying with the requirements of appropriate acquisition documents. Equipment and procedures shall be designed to minimize the introduction of hydrogen,
20、oxygen, nitrogen or other contaminants and in any case shall not allow introduction beyond levels established by the acquisition documents. Deviation from process requirements specified herein or the application of processes different from those contained herein, may be used provided that compliant
21、products result, these exceptions have been proven satisfactory, and that they are made known to the purchaser with accompanying data or other justification to support the deviation prior to application of the deviant process. -,-,- AMS-H-81200ASAEAMS-H-81200A - 4 - 3.1.1Heat treatment of mill produ
22、cts and titanium alloy parts: The requirements specified herein are applicable to the heat treatment of mill products (raw material) (see 6.4.1). Producer heat treatment of heat-treat-response-test samples shall conform to AMS 2801 (see 4.8.6.1). Parts (see 6.4.2) shall be heat treated in accordance
23、 with AMS 2801 except as specified in 3.1.1.1. 3.1.1.1It is permissible, for specific parts, to use equipment, practices and test methods which conformed to AMS-H-81200 or MIL-H-81200 and were previously acceptable to the purchaser. 3.2Heating systems: 3.2.1Batch furnaces: 3.2.1.1General requirement
24、s: Such furnaces may employ electrical heating elements or fuel combustion as heat sources. Muffle furnaces and retorts are also allowed. Allowable environments surrounding the furnace charge during heating are: inert gas (argon or helium), vacuum, slightly oxidizing mixtures resulting from the comb
25、ustion in air of hydrocarbons (gas or oil), and air itself. When removal of surface contamination is not feasible, inert gas or vacuum environment shall be employed. The selection of an atmosphere shall be such as to establish conformance with 3.1. 3.2.1.2Inert gases: Inert gases within the furnace
26、shall be circulated as necessary to protect all surfaces of the workpieces comprising the furnace charge. The dew point of the inert gases shall be minus 65F (-54C) or lower. This requirement shall be met during all stages of a heating, soaking or cooling cycle. Ducts and zones which are to contain
27、furnace charges shall be so sealed as to prevent contamination of any charge to the degree that it is rendered nonconforming to specified material requirements. 3.2.1.3Vacuum: Vacuum furnaces used for outgassing hydrogen shall be capable of reducing hydrogen concentrations within the charge to level
28、s complying with 3.1. Vacuum furnaces and retorts used for prevention of surface contamination shall be capable of yielding product conforming to 3.1. 3.2.1.4Combusted hydrocarbons: Furnaces heated by the combustion in air of gas or oil shall contain a slightly oxidizing gas mixture. There shall be
29、no impingement of flame upon the furnace charge. 3.2.1.5Prohibited atmospheres: Endothermic, exothermic, hydrogen, and cracked ammonia atmospheres shall not be used during any heat treatment operation. 3.2.1.6Furnace purging: Prior to thermal treatment of workpieces, each furnace which has contained
30、 an atmosphere unacceptable for heat treating (see 3.2.1.5) shall be purged with air or inert gas, as applicable. -,-,- AMS-H-81200ASAEAMS-H-81200A - 5 - 3.2.1.6.1Purging prior to introducing air or combusted hydrocarbons: The volume of purging air introduced shall be at least twice the volume of th
31、e furnace chamber. During purging, the minimum temperature within the chamber shall be the intended soaking temperature of the charge. When air-flow purging is impractical, the furnace temperature shall be set at 200F above the intended soaking temperature, and be held at that temperature for a mini
32、mum of four hours. Following purging, the furnace shall be stabilized at the required temperature, charged, and the charge heated and soaked in accordance with 3.2.1.7, as applicable. Following the thermal treatment and any subsequent cleaning, pickling, or other process which may introduce hydrogen
33、 contamination, specimens shall be taken from the charge and subjected to the test specified in 4.7.3. Results shall show compliance with 3.6.5, as applicable. 3.2.1.6.2Purging prior to introducing inert gas: Procedures for purging shall comply with 3.2.1.2. The volume of gas introduced shall be at
34、least twice the volume of the furnace chamber. Furnaces shall be charged while cold, and then purged and filled with inert gas. The charge shall then be heated and soaked in accordance with 3.2.1.7, as applicable. Following the thermal treatment, samples shall be taken from the charge and subjected
35、to the test specified in 4.7.3. Results shall show conformance to 3.6.5, as applicable. Additionally, samples shall be taken from the charge and examined in accordance with 4.7.4.2. Results shall show conformance to 3.6.6. 3.2.1.7Temperature uniformity: Batch furnaces shall be so controlled that, du
36、ring heating and soaking periods, temperatures at all points within the working zones are less than the maxima of the ranges specified in Tables I, III, IV, and V, as applicable to the product. After a charge has reached a pre-selected soaking temperature throughout its thickness within a specified
37、range, the temperature at any point in the working zone shall lie within the limits specified below, as applicable to the thermal treatment intended. Regardless of temperature tolerances, no soaking temperature during any thermal treatment shall be higher than the applicable maximum, nor lower than
38、the applicable minimum of the specified range. 3.2.2Continuous furnaces: 3.2.2.1General requirements: Such furnaces may be heated by radiation from electrically-energized heating elements or by combusted hydrocarbons. Heat treatmentTemperature tolerance FC Annealing2514 Beta annealing or beta soluti
39、on heat treating2514 Recrystallization annealing2514 Duplex annealing2514 Solution heat treating2514 Stress relieving2514 Aging158 AMS-H-81200ASAEAMS-H-81200A - 6 - 3.2.2.2Temperature control: A temperature profile from furnace entry to exit shall be so developed and maintained that the charge withi
40、n the working zone experiences the appropriate thermal cycle to the degree necessary for eventual product acceptability in terms of specified requirements. 3.2.2.3Continuous vacuum furnaces: Continuous vacuum furnaces shall be so sealed as to minimize hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen absorption of the
41、product and in any case shall not allow absorption beyond levels established by the acquisition documents. 3.2.3Continuous induction heating: Such a heating method shall be applied only to the annealing of thin-walled tubing and extrusions of thin sections. The technique shall be such that the workp
42、iece being heated is of uniform temperature around the perimeter of its cross-section. Prior to production, values of the process parameters which produce acceptable product shall be determined and documented. 3.2.4Pyrometry and furnace temperatures control: The requirements and procedures for contr
43、ol and testing of furnaces, ovens, vacuum furnaces and allied pyrometric equipment used for heat treatment shall be in accordance with AMS 2750. 3.2.4.1System accuracy: Each system shall be set to control working temperatures and be corrected to within the applicable tolerances specified herein. 3.3
44、Quenching facilities and media: 3.3.1Quenching baths: Quenching baths holding water or oil shall be of such dimensions, volume, and construction that products quenched therein will, upon aging, develop the properties specified within applicable product documents. Mechanical stirring of the bath may
45、be applied when necessary. 3.3.2Spray or flow quenching: Continuous furnaces discharging solution heat treated alloy sheet, plate, and strip may be equipped with a quenchant system which directs a spray or streams of quenchant onto the product as it emerges from the furnace. The spray or flow of que
46、nchant shall be applied evenly over the workpiece width, top and bottom surfaces, over a period of time and at a volume rate such that the resulting product will upon aging develop properties meeting specified requirements. 3.3.3Location of quenching facility: Quenching and handling facilities shall
47、 be located such that contact between quenchant and workpieces occurs within the time required for compliance with 3.1 and for the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloys, within the limits specified in Table II. 3.3.4Quenching media: Use of molten salt baths for quenching is prohibited. 3.4Ancillary equ
48、ipment: Jigs, fixtures, trays, hangers, racks, ventilators, etc. shall be so designed and constructed that each workpiece can be processed in accordance with this specification. -,-,- AMS-H-81200ASAEAMS-H-81200A - 7 - 3.5Thermal treatment parameter values: The parameters (ie. temperatures, times, et
49、c.) for the various thermal treatment processes shall be as specified herein, except where deviation has been accepted by the purchaser in accordance with 3.1 (see 6.2). 3.5.1Solution heat treating: Solution heat treating of parts, mill product, castings, and forgings shall be as specified in Table I, as applicable. 3.5.2Quenching: All heat treatable titanium alloys, except alloys which can be coo