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1、要掌握好三大从句（名词从句、状语从句和定语从句），需要了解句子的种类。按用途分陈述句来源:Z+xx+k.Com肯定句来源:学科网来源:学.科.网否定句疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句肯定句否定句感叹句what+名词how+形容词或副词how+句子How+adj.+a(an)+n.=What a(an)+adj.+n按结构分简单句主+谓主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直接宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表并列句并列关系and， not onlybut also，neithernor，bothand， notbut转折关系but，while（而，尽管）nevertheless（然而；不过）等
2、选择关系or，otherwise，or else，eitheror等因果关系for，so，thus，therefore等复合句由主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分。用一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词的功能，这种句子被称为名词性从句。名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。名词性从句需要由不同的关联词来引导，和主句相连。种类关联词例 句说 明主语从句连词thatThat he will come and help you is certain.他来帮助你是确实无疑的。that在引导主语
3、从句时不可省去whetherWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。连接代词whowhatwhichwhateverWhat he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般连接副词whenwherewhyhowIt is known to
4、us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。宾语从句陈述意义thatI believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己
5、什么都好，别人什么都不好。that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。疑问意义ifwhetherI wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I dont know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。wh
6、ether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。从句是否定句时一般用if引导。特殊疑问意义who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where, why,how,whoever,whatever,whicheverPlease tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的
7、支持。宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。注1如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。注2think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到主句中。We dont think you are right. 我们认为你不对。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做的。表语从句连词thatwh
8、etheras ifThe problem is(that) they cant get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。It looks as if its going to rain.看起来天要下雨。在非正式的文体中that可以省去表语从句位于主句系动词之后连接代词whowhatwhichThats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。连接副词whenwherewhyhowThis is w
9、here our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。同位语从句由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that
10、 Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。特别注意：分隔式同位语从句：同位语从句常常直接放在抽象名词之后，但是当抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词及状语时，为了以平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，就出现了分隔式同位语从句。同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word
11、, proof， belief, story等。Word came last week that the bird flu has killed many people.上周有消息传来，禽流感已经导致许多人死亡。what引导名词从句的特殊含义“所的事”，相当于“the thing that；all that；everything that”What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.相当于“the time that”，表示“时间”After _seemed a very long time, I opened m
12、y eye and found myself in bed.A. what B. when C. that D. which表示“的人”，相当于“the person that”He is not what he was a few years ago.表示“的地方”，相当于“the place that”What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.表示“的数目”，相当于“the amount number that”Our income is now double what it was ten years a
13、go.A is to B what C is to D和What C is to D, A is to B的句型用来比较说明两种事物相同或相似的关系，起比喻作用，相当于连接词as，意为“正如”、“好比”、“就象一样”Water is to fish what air is to man.水对鱼的关系就象空气对人的关系一样。What food is to the body, a book is to the mind.书籍对于心灵犹如食物对于身体一样。含有形式宾语的名词从句的句型主语 think/consider/find/feel/makeitadj./n.that从句I really fin
14、d it a pity that you didnt come to the party.我发觉你没有来参加晚会的确是个遗憾。主语hate/dislike/love/likeitwhen从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我非常讨厌人们嘴里塞满了东西说话。主语appreciateitif从句I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.如果你能帮助我学习数学我真的很感激。主语see to it that从句：确保/务必You mus
15、t see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.务必锁上门，你才可以离开实验室。主语rely on/ depend on it that从句：依靠You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接你的。_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【解析】答案为B。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。句意：B
16、arbara Jones给他的粉丝们所带来的是诚实和快乐。The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【解析】答案为D。what=n./ pron.+ that。本题of 后缺少名词，other前缺少连接词。只有what 能替代两个成分，引导从句作of的宾语。所以，选择D。句意：你想通过你的话传递的信息也许正好他人实际理解的相反。Before the sales start,
17、 I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which【解析】答案为B。分析句式结构可知，只有what才能既引导宾语从句又在从句中充当need的宾语。句意：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。Many young people in the West are expected to leave _could be life s most important decision marriagealmost entirely up to luc
18、k. A. as B. that C. which D. what【解析】答案为D。“_could be life s most important decision”是leave的宾语从句, 从句缺少主语, 因此用what。句意：预计许多西方年轻人会把可能是人生中最重要的抉择婚姻, 几乎完全交由幸运之神掌握。Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that
19、C. why D. whether【解析】答案为B。从句中不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己创作的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说非常贴近他本人的真实生活。It is immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. A. since B. what C. when D. whether【解析】答案为D。“是否”用whether表示，不能选when是因为从句中由soon这一时间状语。句意：经济危机是否会很快结束是很明显的事情。At first he hated the new job but decide
20、d to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. 5uA. when B. how C. why D. if 【解析】答案为D。根据句意“起先他讨厌这个新工作, 但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点。”用if引导宾语从句。Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which【解析】答案为C。根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”选whether “是否”； where
21、 “哪里”；what “什么”，which “哪个”。How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK,_ you want. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever【解析】答案为C。句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者无条件服从前者提出的观点。To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.A. whoever
22、 B. who C. whichever D. which【解析】答案为A。“whoever”引导“ask”的宾语从句=anyone who had used the products.宾语从句后置来保持句子平衡。常规句子结构应该是：To improve the quality of our products we asked whoever had used the products for suggestions. “whoever”既要引导“ask”的宾语从句，又要在从句中充当主语。“who”没有这个语法功能。句意：为提高我们的产品质量，我们向（无论是谁）所有使用过产品的用户征求意见。T
23、he how-to-book can be of help to_ wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever【解析】答案为D。宾语从句中缺少主语, 排除B；no matter who虽然意思上和whoever相同, 但只能引导让步状语从句, 也排除。whoever既作主语中动词或介词的宾语, 又作从句中的主语, 相当于anyone who；who则不具备这种语法功能。句意：这本指南书对想要从事这项工作的都人会有帮助。The shocking news made me realize _ terribl
24、e problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why【解析】答案为B。宾语从句中缺少修饰terrible的程度副词，选择how，译为“多么”。 句意：这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临着多么可怕的问题。I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why【解析】答案为D。“which is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。句
25、意：恐怕比起一个实践家来他更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what【解析】答案为A。这就是我不同意的地方。agree 是不及物动词，所以用where， 引导用表语从句。Have you finished the book？No. Ive read up to _ the childr
26、en discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where【解析】答案为D。to是介词，后接宾语从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though 【解析】答案为C。the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。句意：近年来地球气候
27、逐渐变暖, 很多科学家已经为此担忧。News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where【解析】答案为C。题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以不少考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. w
28、hich B. what C. that D. if 【解析】答案为C。It occurs/occurred to sb. that .是固定句型，意思是：突然想起，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是有that引导的主语从句，选C。It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that【解析】答案为D。此处要分析句子结构，看出it为形式主语，代替that they should get well prepared for th
29、eir future，并且本句意思完整，故选D项。句意：很显然, 学生应该为将来做好准备。It为形式主语, that引导的真正的主语。When the news came _the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because【解析】答案为C。此处的“ the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。When changing lanes, a d
30、river should use his turning signal to let other drivers know A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering【解析】答案为B。which引导的句子作know的宾语从句，句子用陈述语序。句意：改道时，驾驶员应该打开转向灯，好让其他驾驶员知道他要走那条道。1.The sport then was a little different from _ we cu
31、rrently know as gymnastics.A. that B. what C. which D. where【答案与解析】B 引导一个名词性从句并作know的宾语，所以勇敢what。2.All of us have already known _she will choose is the opportunity to go abroad.A. this B. that C. what D. which 【答案与解析】C 句意：我们都已经知道她将选择的是出国的机会。”what she will choose is the opportunity to go abroad”是宾语从句
32、，在从句中，what she will choose是从句的主语，what在主语从句中作choose的宾语。3.He sold out all his stamps at_ he thought was a reasonable price. A. which B. that C. what D. as【答案与解析】C 句意：他把他所有的邮票以他认为合理的价格卖掉了。介词at后面跟的是宾语从句，在从句中he thought是插入语，从句中缺主语，故用what。4.It is good manners to eat up _is left in your plate.A. that B. wha
33、t C. which D. all【答案与解析】B 此处what在宾语从句中作主语。句意：吃干净你盘子里的剩东西是礼貌行为。5.It even leaves the scientists in wonder _ they should call the newlyborn creature, which looks half- human and halfanimal.A. that B. why C. what D. how【答案与解析】C 句意：这甚至使科学家们也困惑了，他们不知道叫这个看起来一半像人一半像动物的新生动物什么。it是形式主语，此空引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾补，故选what
34、。call sb. sth.为惯用词组。6._ impressed the audience most was _ the magician Liu Qian played in this years Spring Gala. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; what D. That; that【答案与解析】A由句意知本题考查名词性从句的连词。第一空是引导主语从句的连词，用作主语，选what，作从句的主语；第二空为引导表语从句的引导词，作play的宾语，选what，综上分析，选A项。句意：给观众印象深刻的是今年春节联欢晚会上魔术师刘谦表演的节目。7.I
35、ts difficult for college graduates to find a good job in China.It depends on whether they have _ it takes to be successful in todays world.A. that B. which C. what D. whether【答案与解析】C考查名词性从句。本句意思为：那取决于他们是否具有立足世界所需要(的素质)。what引导宾语从句，同时又在此从句中作动词take(需要)的宾语。综上选C项。8.There is some doubt among people_$ 749
36、is too much for an iphone4. A. that B. whether C. what D. if【答案与解析】B 句意：许多人怀疑是否花749美元买个苹果四太多了。There is some doubt whether.是个固定句型，doubt是名词，后面跟whether引导的同位语从句。故选B项。9.It is obvious that people hold different opinions about _ voluntary services should be financially rewarded.A. that B. what C. how D. wh
37、ether【答案与解析】D 句意：显然人们对志愿服务是否应该得到经济报偿持有不同的观点。此处whether表示“是否”。10.Word comes _free souvenirs will be given to _comes first. A. what; no matter whom B. that; whoeverC. which; whomever D. that ; no matter who【答案与解析】B 空格及后面的句子是对主语word内容的具体解释，所以用that引导。第二空引导的是一个名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，所以用whoever意思是：无论谁。no matter wh
38、o也有此意，但只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。11.Ill ask the teacher about the attributive clause. Im very puzzled about it.Thats just _ most of our classmates have doubt.A. what B. why C. where D. how【答案与解析】C 句意：我要问老师定语从句的问题。我对它感到很困惑。那也是大部分同学有疑问的地方。where引导的是表语从句，have doubt on/about“怀疑”，doubt后无介词，所以用where。12.Sometime
39、s, _ we show our gratitude for a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.A. whenB. whetherC. whyD. how【答案与解析】D 分析主语从句，我们知道句中少程度状语，故用“how”。句意：我们如何对一个人表示感激程度如何是通过给他或她上什么样的菜反映出来的。13.The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motor-bike. A. why B. whet
40、her C. when D. how【答案与解析】A 充分把握题干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思：路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。此题可以结合语境及答案两方面，逐一排查寻找最佳答案。充分注意所给答案能够充当句子什么成分这也是解题的关键。14.The news shocked us a little girl was twice run over and then ignored by 18 passers.A. what B. where C. which D. that【答案与解析】D 分隔式同位语从句。空格后是对主语the news的具体解释，引导一个同位语从句，并在从句中不作任
41、何成分，所以用that。15.A warm thought came to me _ I might help wash my moms feet on Thanksgiving Day. A. if B. when C. which D. that【答案与解析】D 分隔式同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句，描述thought的具体内容。16.A good idea came to her _ she could live with her best friend in that city during the holiday.A. if B. whenC. that D. which【答案
42、与解析】C分隔式同位语从句。that引导的从句作a good idea的同位语。if不能引导同位语从句；when与which引导名词性从句含有疑问意义，与题意不符。17.His father got him a job in a bank but soon it became clear he was not fit for that kind of work. A. why B. what C. whether D. that【答案与解析】D 该句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的句子，“he was not fit for that kind of work”是一个陈述句，且结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。18._ is surprising that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto. A. ItB. ThatC. SuchD. What 【答案与解析】D 句意：令人吃惊的是，在多伦多有这么多中国饭店。“What is surprising”是主语从句，what在从句中作主语。19.The fact _ this country spends more on its military than on education and he