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1、学号：709202125辽宁师范大学海华学院学院文学批评方法论文 专 业 英语 年 级 09级 1 班 姓 名 论文题目 Analysis on The Adventures of Tom Sawyer from Mythological and Archetypal Approaches 2012年 05 月 24 日Abtract:Tom Sawyer , a plain American boy ,lives with his younger brother Sid and Aunt Polly in St.Petersburg , a remote town on the banks
2、of the Mississippi River .But the two brothers are totally different . In Toms daily life , his behaviors and thoughts are never according to his brother who is a “model” boy but cruel in heart , and Tom Sawyer always makes his aunt angry . Whatever in school or in life , he is a naughty boy . But e
3、xactly he clever and brave still . He knows what he want to do and what he should do . Just as all the things he worked for little Becky , and the things he sticked to persuing. And he is so sincere that he have enough brave to exposed the real criminal the Indian Joe who escapes through an open win
4、dow of the court-room . Due these fine characters he bacame a ture hero fially .Key words :Naughty adventerous hero 摘要：汤姆索亚，一个平凡的美国男孩。和哥哥山地与姑妈波利住在密西西比河河岸一个偏远的山村里。但他们这两个住在一个屋檐下的弟兄两却是大相径庭。在汤姆的日常生活里，他的行为与想法似乎从未与这个外表是模范内心险恶的哥哥一致过。不过，汤姆是经常惹姑妈和哥哥不开心的那一位。无论是在学校或是平常的生活中，汤姆一直是个淘气、聪明和勇敢的孩子。他知道什么是自己想做的，什么是自己该做
5、的。就像他一心为追求贝奇所付出的，就像他所谓的海盗式生活，就像他在正义面前勇敢指出凶手那样。也正是由于这些淘气的优点，他这种为所追求的坚持不懈的勇气和为所坚持的正义而果断的做出决定，最终使他成为了本故事的小英雄。关键词：淘气 冒险主义 英雄BibliographyWuWeiRen: History and Anthology of American Literature In 2 vols Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press Dce .2011QianQin: A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Lit
6、erature In 4 vols Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press. Oxford University Press . Jan 2012Mark Twain : The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Bantam classic reissue . Jan 2004Voto De. Benard. Mark Twains America. Cambridge.MA. HouthtonMifflin Company.1932.Burrows. David J. Lapides. Frederich R.and Sha
7、wcross. John T.ed.Myth &Motifs in literature. New York：Free Press.1973.Lodge. David. ed. 20th Century Literary Criticism.A Reader. London.Longman.1972.Scharnhorst.Garry. ed. Critical Essays on the Adventure of Tom Sawyer.New York.G. K. Hall.993.T wain.Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. London
8、. PenguinBooks.1988.一 Introduction The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the most famous work written by American realistic wirter Mark Twain . For a long time , many critics of the modification have the prejudice to it , they think the it is a book for children , or a book that only can arouse peo
9、ples childish works, or in the words of Bernard di Vuto , the book is “ the best idyllic life style of American”. Even the American critic W.H.Hao Wells also thinks the book is created for entertain children . However , this work contains more profound contents . The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is roug
10、hly a realistic work , the reader is not difficult to found that the novel also reflect the horror , violence , cruelty , abuse , virtual in real life . From this work to dig into the myth archetype , myth prototype is inclusion in reality life and into the legendary world . Live, legend of the worl
11、d, and the mythological archetype of these three elements tightly interwoven. The novel Lord to reflect the resurrection, the devil prototype and nature combine Han myth prototype. However, more importantly, through to these myths prototype analysis, readers can find Mark Twin expressed the American
12、s holds a fuzzy attitude and contradiction thoughts on the original and civilization.二The United States literary works appeared in the myth archetypeA modern literary criticism method widely accepted by people were put up by Lattice (1875- 1961), who created the psychoanalytic method. Jungs two most
13、 important think are the collective unconscious and prototype. The collective unconscious refers to humans by geneticForce caused by a psychological characteristics, and consciousness is come by it. Collective has no intention Consensus in the literature are always those recurring images, scenarios
14、and characters to the bodyNow, from prototype to reflect - the so-called prototype refers to human after numerous same Memory residue of the experience will still exist, Jungs collective unconscious, and prototype managementOn the original myth and anthropology at the ceremony (in Frazers Golden Bou
15、gh detailed Elaboration), closely linked. Recurring images and metaphors in literature . Shows the original characteristics inherited from their ancestors. Therefore, Jung recognized always be wrapped in the original myth theme recurring modern coat. Fry also looking for a prototype is to study the
16、literature of anthropology, that is, how literature literature appear before things such as: ritual, myth and folklore provide creative source. According to Wing Grid and Frys theory, critics of many literary works such as Miltons force interest rates up to Prototype in Sri Lanka (Lycidas) and TS El
17、iots Waste Land have been reviewed. Which contains the works of many writers in American literature, myth prototype. Washington Irving, the originator of American literature, created the American prototype Rip Branch, he represented the United States Die Nisuo Si, the work is considered to be the hi
18、ghest arts of Irving technical achievements. Accordingly, the writer Cooper of the same period to create a prototype figure Cincinnati? Bangmu Bo, a true pioneer and Indian. Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Hester. Prion who epitomized the mother archetype and the growth of the prototype, to reflect th
19、e implication in the works of ambiguity and contradiction. Moby Dick accurately portrayed a whaler Lost and cleverly integrated into the myth - search for prototype. In addition, James Sri Lankas Portrait of a Lady Isabella experienced in the U.S. and Europe also implicature with the pursuit of a pr
20、ototype. In addition, the work The Adventures of Huckberry Fin. Mark Twain makes the real life, romance and myth prototype woven together. Book in the description along the Mississippi River on both sides of the actual scene of the myth of moral interludes in which such complex live prototype. This
21、prototype apartment Han in the novel, Huck carefully arranged to be murder .Then in the rebirth and resurrection from the cave scene. Another example is the V Torre said, the myth of the books embodied original type in the rite of passage, and fell monsters, these two themes, this method of literary
22、 creation .And characteristics are also used in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.二 The analysis of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer prototype mythWhat prototypes to reflect the main Problem? What subject can be mapped to the ideology of social issues and the Americans?1. The resurrection of the prototypeMyt
23、h and folklore are always at the same time, and showing the prototype in front of readers. In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , the reader can easily find the superstition of the villagers comes from Widespread folklore; in the Huck Beilifeien, Adventure, there are similar Superstition, there is always
24、 bad luck to believe to see the snake, such as Jim. The villagers are superstitious, and also believe Magic, witchcraft, and so on. Thus, they not only serve to portray the role of local characteristics, and gave increase of dark and terror story for future Moonlight gravedigger graveyard murder and
25、 the cave adventure foreshadowed. A very important theme in the book - Resurrection prototype is reflected in the second chapter, In Cemetery. Tom and Huck witnessed the Yin Youen Joe exhumation and the murder of Robinson doctor Scene, this plot to show the people the dead were taken to the living w
26、orld, live People driven to the underworld, unconscious muffle Potter but in between these two positions, which these circumstances are very in line with the resurrection of the prototype. The resurrection of the prototype is based on folklore in this way. Introduced to a good body build-up of the s
27、tory, Tom and Huck dead cats can be cured, Robin Jackson doctor is convinced that the dead body to help with his medical skills. Results in the process they findRobinson was kill by Joe, Tom has been threatened by the Qiaosuo Wei, in a life-threatening. Waiting for the devil to take away the dead so
28、ul of William, and good time to throw the dead cat in his body. However, they witnessed the Tomb of the exhumation and burial murder. Folklore in love Section to start the resurrection of the prototype with the folklore is reflected.2. Devil prototypeAround the body of Joe, the book show many myths
29、features. Believe about dead cat superstition, children anticipate the emergence of the devil, just at this time, Joe appeared, he play the role of the devil prototype. Joe, a savage, he is the Americans themselves mythical image. Due to his half Indian descent, he is American culture in the wild ve
30、ry incarnation of the original. He and Cooper described by Tacitus Teague and Kuikui Ge, the same is printed. The first Native-Americans, but with them, his character is only cruel and barbaric. Unlike the Cooper, Herman Melville and William Faulkners Indians, he did the white wizardThe identity of
31、friends and companions is not unjustly wicked and him that only genuine the original characteristics. He hated the white society that civilized society, this edge due to the white. His abuse, his abhorrence led to his murder Robinson doctor, and murder turnto marry Porter. To yEn Joe not only has th
32、e features of the mythology of the United States, also has a general characteristics of the myth of the devil, he lurk in the deep hole in the story to the most God Secret place, he begain appeared, like dormant in the ground all the legendary demons guarding his treasure. His devil image in the boo
33、k are described, and in the scene of the most representative of the cemetery. At midnight, the devil appears, it may be two or three together, you can not see them, but you can hear the wind, or they talk about initials, Finals. Hack the language of myth about precisely predicted the next hair stude
34、nts do. Then, th devil - Yin Youen Joe exhumation murder. Whenever Joe outAt present, the word of the devil in his body, he always Huck called killers and Yin Youen the devil. Yinyou En Joe characters appropriate to reflect the devil prototype.3.The nature of the prototypeThe Adventures of Tom Sawye
35、r the characters living in the 1840s closeWest than on both sides of the river, there is with the myth of the prototype features landforms: river Virgin forests, islands and holes. Traditional mythology of the river, wilderness, Island and hole topography characteristics of this feature in the Jacks
36、ons Island in this chapter. Virgin forest and island mythology in their paradise in the idyllic ideal, a symbol of the American myth of freedom paradise. However, Joe, as an American Myth The image is always closely linked and Jackson Island. Island is a Barbarian Joe out did not place, the Island a
37、nd the virgin forest, a symbol of Americans have not yet developed to the music far away from civilization Soil. Completely barbaric and Another feature of the original is also a virgin forest. When the children from back to town on the island, they return to the earthly paradise of freedom, the riv
38、er has symbolism is a romantic paradise system real-world cut off. Island idyllic song-style view with St. Petersburg, boring, dangerous and vulgar life in stark ratio. The town of civilized life not only constrain the freedom of the children play, there are some potentially dangerous threat to the
39、lives of children. In the wilderness of the island, they both are notthe constraints of social norms, but also away from life-threatening.Many of the traditional myth, the hole has a function in the cave, the hero is always through a long sleep, but not dead, the hole is always temporarily away from
40、 the real life place in Tom Sawyer Adventure , it has a similar function, the hole means by the devil ruled the underground. Hole, as in the book called Labyrinth dark desolation, chaos is a terror place away from normal life. However, the hole is students and a symbol of regeneration, Tom in the ca
41、ve to protect Betty allowed itself to become a hero, because from the cave, Tom newborn Tom. The hole also the burial place of the devil,after his death to the children left the property, the property was returned to town, for the children into line civilized enlightenment. Savage demon possession a
42、nd guardian of property services in the open ignorance and enlightenment of knowledge, it also symbolizes the expulsion and conquest of civilization to the savage.Fourth, Mark Twain and American treatment of civilization to conquer the barbaric attitude Joe understand the prototype for the devil mak
43、es people have to think of the American Myth The original owner of the Indians - on American soil. As an Indian, Joe White for no reason hate the village, he hated to Robinson, because five years ago from the kitchen of your father, I rush out, and I just want to discuss points to eat, you say I sho
44、uld not even think to get a little bit of something, then I swear one day I will accounts with you, your father no reason to put me in jail. Do you think I forget? I Yinyou En blood is not in vain! Widow Douglas, Joe intends to like right be sow cut her nose, cut her ears! That is because your husba
45、nd ,Husband had brutally hit me, hit a lot of times - he just give me as a judge.Security charges and thrown into prison. This is nothing, he whipped me- Pumping nigger, like pumping in prison in front of me! - The whole town is watching! With a whip! - Can you understand? Mark Twain expressed this
46、way the Indian fuzzy state degrees. In his eyes, Joe is both a devil, they are the victims. His evil is white on his injustice and abuse aroused. Scene table of ambiguities in the Joe diedNow the most obvious. Tom saw Yinyou En Joe fell to the ground, dead, his face close to the door, seems that he
47、is still full of desire until the last moment of looking at have a bright a world of laughter, this scene shook his soul. Tom was touched, because his experience told him this wicked by how kind of suffering. He slowly mercy and compassion, and more with relief and a sense of security. All Americans
48、 filling in this attitude of the Indians - fear mixed with relief and contrition. By Robinson doctors and Judge Douglas represent civilization is decadent and ugly, heTheir cruel behavior was stirred Joe barbaric and criminal. Joes death in a civilized society the original . The beginning of the savage conquest, the last civilization to win in the end. However, the paper, the author did not have conclusions - civilization to conquer the original is definitely progres