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1、致切斯特菲尔德大人函 英语信函 致切斯特菲尔德大人函是约翰逊于1755年2月7日写给切斯特菲尔德伯爵菲力浦多墨斯坦厚甫(Philip Dormer Stanhope) 的1封信。切斯特菲尔德伯爵开始对约翰逊编辞典1事冷眼相看。约翰逊艰辛奋斗7年，终于独立完成辞典编写，出版在即。这时，切斯特菲尔德伯爵在当时的世界报上连写两篇文章，对约翰逊的辞典大加吹捧，希望约翰逊将来能把英国的第1部英语辞典献给他。约翰逊得知此事后，义愤填膺，挥笔写下了这篇名传千秋的著名信函。信中数落了伯爵对他的冷淡，嘲讽了伯爵的傲慢与专横，对比了约翰逊自己对伯爵的热情与诚恳，从而宣布了约翰逊的辞典与伯爵无关，是他独立完成的，对
2、伯爵无恩可感，无情可载。约翰逊的信是1个穷作家对大人物的控诉状，表现了作家对权贵的蔑视，有着我国著名诗人李白1样的“安能摧眉折腰事权贵”的反叛精神。在实质上，约翰逊的这种精神代表了英国新兴的资产阶级对封建权势的反抗。人们将约翰逊的这封信比做是“作家的独立宣言”。事实上，此后，英国文坛上的保护人制度（Patronage）在英国，在欧洲大陆逐渐消失了。 中国论文网约翰逊的信不仅思想性深刻，而且文笔优美、语句典雅，不长的信中，3联排比的结构被两次运用。文中的反语、讽刺、幽默含义加强了语句的感染力，而且约翰逊所用的比喻含有高深的典故性和哲理性。为了表达自己对伯爵“1往情深”的仰慕，约翰逊引用了古罗马诗
3、人维吉尔诗中的牧童“发现爱神只不过是荒山野岭中的野蛮人”的故事，用以喻指伯爵的铁石心肠，是不通情理的人。这封信中的句子结构上，约翰逊还显示了他高超的安排技巧，信正文的最后1段是1个句子，在末尾的1个定语从句中，作者把书信中的客套结尾语和签名巧妙地变成了这个句子的组成部分。 Letter to Lord ChesterfieldFebruary 7th ,1755 英文论文网 MY LORD,I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of the Word, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is
4、recommended to the publick were written by your Lordship. To be so distinguished, is an honour, which being very little accustomed to favours from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was ove
5、rpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of you address, and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur di la terre. That I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged, that neither pri
6、de nor modesty would suffer me to continue it . When I had once addressed your Lordship in publick I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so litter. Seven
7、 years, my Lord, have now past, since I waited in your oout ward rooms, or was repulsed from your door, through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favour. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a P
8、atron before.The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks.Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life on the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been please
9、d to take of my labors, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it ; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity, not confess obligations where no benefit has been recei
10、ed or to be unwilling that the Publick should consider me as owing that to a Patron, which Provi-dence has enabled me to do for myself. Having carride on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favourer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I shoud conclude it, less be possible,
11、with less, for I have been ling wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation, my Lord. Your Lordships most humble,Most obedient servant,Sam.Johnson. 英文论文网致切斯特菲尔德伯爵函 论文网 伯爵大人：新近从世界报业主处获悉，有两篇文章是大人阁下所写，此两文把我的辞典介绍给了公众。如此出众，实是1种荣耀。因为对来自大人物的恩惠很不习惯，我真不知道如何承受这种荣耀，或以何种方式来感激。当初，受到些许的鼓励，我首次去拜访大人时，像其他人1样，我被您谈吐的魅力所倾倒，不禁希望我可以吹嘘我自己是“世界征服者的征服者 ”。我的自尊与羞怯都不让我继续这种拜访。当我曾在公众面前对您致意时，我是尽我1个与事无征、不善阿谀奉承的学者所能具有的所有方式让人愉快。我已经做了我所能做到的1切，而他的1切努力被忽视了。哪怕是1点点的忽视，也是没有人会感到高兴的。