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1、我国固定资产投资法律问题探析 我国固定资产投资法律问题探析 Legal Studies of Chinas Investments in Fixed Assets【中文摘要】 固定资产投资是推动国民经济发展的重要因素,尤其在我国现阶段,在扩大内需政策的指导下,固定资产投资呈现出持续高涨的势头。但是,在固定资产投资表面繁荣的背后,却隐含着诸多危机。投资需求膨胀、结构不合理、投资效益差等老问题没有解决,新问题又不断涌现,部分行业投资增长过快,造成煤电油运全面紧张,生产资料价格大幅上涨,又大量占用耕地,危及经济的稳定发展。客观的讲,在固定资产投资领域出现问题的原因是多方面的。但笔者认为,很重要的一个
2、原因就是我国现在对固定资产投资的调控还停留在行政和经济管理的方法上,主观随意性过大,各投资主体之间缺乏协调,对固定资产投资缺乏科学指引,而法律和法规是对社会成员行为进行约束的有效手段。因此,在本文中,笔者建议把反映固定资产投资规律性的基本制度用法律的形式规定下来。用法律手段把行政和经济管理办法,把各种投资建设活动和复杂的经济关系,用强制性的法律手段予以规范;用法律的手段来对投资行为进行调控,对投资主体的投资行为进行引导和约束,使投资管理有章可循,有法可依。把我国的固定资产投资纳入一个可持续性发展的健康、科学轨道。本文分四章对固定资产投资作了具体分析。第一章分析了我国固定资产投资领域存在的问题,
3、先是用几组数据说明了我国固定资产投资的现状,接着总结了现行管理模式,然后指出了我国固定资产投资管理制度的缺陷,最后从管理体制、外部约束制度和配套设施等方面分析了产生问题的原因。第二章论述了对我国固定资产投资进行法律规制的必要性。分别从解决现存问题的需要、可持续发展的必然选择、经济体制改革的需要和外国成功经验对我国的促进这四个方面进行了论述。第三章的主要内容是对制定固定资产投资法的一些理论进行阐述。分析了固定资产投资法制定的依据,提出了固定资产投资法的立法原则。第四章是论文的重点,在这一章里,本人对固定资产投资法的几个基本制度进行了构想。第一是主体制度,对固定资产投资的主体作了划分,确定了各个主
4、体投资的范围,并建议设立固定资产投资管理委员会作为政府投资主体的具体执行机构。第二是投资决策制度,确立了投资决策应遵循的原则,并建议建立新的决策体系。第三是效益保证制度,设置了可行性论证制度,建立了效益考核体系。第四是资金筹措和管理制度。第五是固定资产投资监管制度,提出了审计监督的改进意见。最后是问责制度,对各部门的法律责任作了规定。【英文摘要】 Chinas investments in fixed assets investment in fixed assets is to promote the study of legal issues important factor in nat
5、ional economic development,especially in my present stage,the policy of expanding domestic demand in the guidance of the investment in fixed assets showing a rising trend.However,investment in fixed assets behind the surface prosperity,but implied many crises.Investment demand swelling and irrationa
6、l structure,poor investment returns old problems are resolved,new issues are constantly emerging,fast growth of investment in some industries,resulting in overall tension Meidianyouyun Capital goods prices inflation,and substantial use of farmland,endangering the economic stability and development.O
7、bjectively speaking,the problems in the field of investment in fixed assets was due to many factors.But I believe that a very important reason is that China is now on the regulation of investment in fixed assets remains in the administrative and economic management methods,the subjective wishes too
8、large,the investors lack of coordination between the lack of investment in fixed assets scientific guidelines,and laws and regulations on social conduct by members of the effective means. Therefore,in this paper,the authors propose that the system reflects the basic laws of fixed asset investment in
9、 the form provided by law.Use legal means to administrative and economic management approach to the various investment activities and the building of the complex economic relations with the legal means to be mandatory norms;Use legal means to regulate the conduct of investment for investors conduct
10、investment guide and restraint,so that rule-based investment management,law.Chinas investment in fixed assets in a sustainable development of health,science orbit.This consists of four chapters made specific analysis of fixed asset investment.I analyzed the fixed assets investment problems,first use
11、d several sets of data on the countrys fixed asset investment situation,then summed up the current management model,and then pointed to Chinas investments in fixed assets management system errors,and finally from the management structure,systems and external constraints associated facilities have an
12、alysed the reasons.Chapterdeals with the legal regulations of our fixed asset investment in the system need.From the need to solve the existing problems,the inevitable choice of sustainable development,economic structural reform needs and the successful experience of Chinas foreign promoting these f
13、our aspects of the exposition.Chapteris the main content of a number of fixed assets investment law theory elaborated.Analysis of the law enacted on the basis of investment in fixed assets,fixed asset investment law introduced legislative principles.Chapter 4 is the focus of papers in this chapter,I
14、 fixed asset investment law for a few basic system concept.The first is the main system for the fixed assets investment made by the principal to determine the scope of the main investment,and recommended the establishment of the Management Board as a government investment in fixed assets investment
15、of the specific implementation of the main body. The second is the investment decision-making system,and established the investment decision-making should be guided by the principles and proposals to establish new decision-making system.Fourth-assurance system,a feasibility study on setting up the s
16、ystem and established effective assessment system.Fifth,funding and management system.Six fixed asset investment regulatory system is put forward to improve audit oversight.Finally,there is accountability,the legal responsibilities of the departments provided. 【中文关键词】 固定资产投资; 行政手段; 法律规制 【英文关键词】 inve
17、stments in fixed assets; Administrative means; Legal regulations system 【论文目录】摘要 6-7 Abstract 7-8 引言 11-12 1 固定资产投资领域存在问题 12-16 1.1 我国固定资产投资的现状 12 1.2 我国固定资产投资管理现状 12-13 1.2.1 计划管理明显 12 1.2.2 政策规范很多,但法律层次较低 12-13 1.2.3 参与管理的部门多 13 1.3 我国固定资产投资管理制度的缺陷 13-16 1.3.1 管理体制存在的问题 13-14 1.3.2 产生问题的原因 14-16 2
18、 固定资产投资法律规制的必要性 16-19 2.1 解决现存问题的需要 16-17 2.2 是可持续发展的必然选择 17 2.3 经济效益和经济体制改革的需要 17-18 2.3.1 提高固定资产投资效益的需要 17-18 2.3.2 经济体制改革的需要 18 2.4 国外的成功经验促进我国对固定资产投资进行立法规制 18-19 3 固定资产投资立法几个理论问题 19-23 3.1 固定资产投资法制定的依据 19-21 3.1.1 法理学依据 19 3.1.2 经济法基础 19-20 3.1.3 现实依据 20-21 3.2 固定资产投资法的立法原则 21-22 3.2.1 综合性原则 21
19、3.2.2 指导性原则 21 3.2.3 协调性原则 21-22 3.3 固定资产投资法的指导思想和基本原则 22-23 3.3.1 固定资产投资法的指导思想 22 3.3.2 固定投资法的基本原则 22-23 4 固定资产投资法基本制度设计 23-34 4.1 主体制度 23-25 4.1.1 投资主体种类 23 4.1.2 投资主体的投资领域 23-25 4.1.3 设立专门的管理机构 25 4.2 投资决策制度 25-26 4.2.1 项目决策应遵循原则 25-26 4.2.2 建立新的决策体系 26 4.3 效益保证制度 26-29 4.3.1 效益保证制度的基本原则 27 4.3.2
20、 具体制度设置 27-29 4.3.3 建立固定资产投资效益考核体系 29 4.3.4 建立固定资产投资项目进行绩效审计制度,提高固定资产投资项目的效益 29 4.4 资金筹措和管理制度 29-31 4.4.1 筹措建设资金的基本原则 29-30 4.4.2 资金筹集机制 30 4.4.3 资金管理制度 30-31 4.5 固定资产投资监管制度 31-32 4.5.1 建立全过程监管制度 31-32 4.5.2 改进固定资产投资审计方法,加强审计监督 32 4.6 违反固定资产投资法的法律责任 32-34 4.6.1 国家机关有关部门 32 4.6.2 咨询评估机构 32-33 4.6.3 设计单位 33 4.6.4 施工单位 33 4.6.5 监理单位 33-34 结语 34-35 参考文献 35-37 致谢 37-38 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 38