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1、2019 学年度人教版选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元综合测试之一 第卷 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的四个选项 （A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 A I prided myself on being unattached to any device ( 装置). Then, I got a smart phone. Its not a very fancy smart phone, but I was lost. It was used duri
2、ng commercial breaks, the line at the bank, the three minutes it takes for popcorn to be ready. I even checked my phone while on the phone with someone else. I broke the most sacred ( 不得违背的 ) technology rule I have with my kids no devices in the bedroom. I didnt just take my smart phone in the bedro
3、om. I charged it there. Soon that device was the first thing I caught after waking. I used to keep a book with me in my spare time; now I kept the smart phone. I opened some apps without conscious thought; remembering to look up on a sports field became a challenge. Recently, I was waiting for my yo
4、ungest childs soccer game to start, trying to answer emails, text my husband, and update a website. The phone lost its signal before my updating the website. I drove home and rushed to the laptop. Coat still on, I started troubleshooting (检 修故障 ). My oldest sat across from me. I asked the standard M
5、om-questions half-heartedly, half-listening as she responded. She was talking about some music opportunity, something she was excited about. I glanced up from my screen and saw her looking right at me. My fingers froze and I had an awful feeling. I realized it was the first time I had looked at her.
6、 I started apologizing, but she just laughed. “My friends are much better at multitasking online.” The next morning, I did something that was more painful than Id like to admit. I deleted (删除) my apps. When I finished, my smart phone was just a phone again something I could forget in the car. 21. Wh
7、at does the author require her kids not to do at home? A. Make a long phone call with others. B. Discuss something about technology. C. Handle several things at the same time. D. Use electronic equipment in the bedroom. 22. What happened to the author since she got a smart phone? A. She paid more at
8、tention to her kids. B. She set technology rules with her kids. C. She was more interested in reading books. D. She became more and more dependent on it. 23. How did the oldest daughter feel about her mothers half-heartedness? A. She felt quite angry. B. She didnt take it to heart. C. She was very s
9、urprised. D. She was worried about her mother. 24. What decision did the author make at last? A. Never use a phone again. B. Only do one thing at a time. C. Never surf on the Net again. D. Use her phone only when necessary. B Can modern life make you sick? Have you ever experienced the following sur
10、prising syndromes? Margarets friend is taking a new job in a faraway city. She wants to hold a farewell dinner party at her home. But she cant. Margaret suffers from CHAOS (Cant Have Anyone Over Syndrome). Her apartment is always messy and shes embarrassed by it. “My best friend gave me somegood adv
11、ice. He told me to get a maid,” she says. These days we get and receive so much information every day. People call, text, and email us all day long and they expect quick responses from us. It can be very demanding and its making some people sick. They have information fatigue ( 疲劳) syndrome. There i
12、s so much information that they become paralyzed and cant think clearly. “I cant sleep at night because I worry,” says Bahman, a college senior. “Its terrible.” Do you sometimes engage in “deskfast ” (eating breakfast at your desk at work)? If your answer is “yes”, then you may suffer from hurry sic
13、kness. Hurry sickness is a straightforward name for another syndrome of modern life. “Im always rushing. I get headaches a lot. Taking aspirin seems to help, ” says Mari, a company employee. Weve all complained about having too much work to do. Well, how about not having enough work? Underload syndr
14、ome is caused by having little or nothing to do at the office. You have to pretend that youre working. Steven works as a project manager. “I can finish my work in about four hours, but Im afraid to say anything about it. I dont want to be assigned too much work!” If you were these people, how would
15、you reduce your sufferings? 25. What can we learn about Margaret? A. She is not a tidy person. B. She is going to take a new job. C. She is good at throwing a party. D. She is unwilling to accept others advice. 26. What do Bahman and Mari have in common? A. Both are full of energy. B. Both like work
16、ing greatly. C. Both are under great stress. D. Both always seem to be rushing. 27. Whats wrong with Steven? A. He is not well qualified for his job. B. He tries to stay away from pressure. C. He is too busy to have his own life. D. He lacks confidence when working. C In Japan, Christmas just isnt C
17、hristmas without butter. Thats because the Japanese love to celebrate Christmas Eve with “Christmas cakes,” which are filled with whipped cream (生奶油 ) and topped with strawberries. Making this tasty treat requires some serious amounts of butter. But this year, the creamy golden spread is in short su
18、pply on the island nation. In fact, many Japanese supermarkets are fresh out of dairy (milk) products entirely. Those that do still have butter often limit shoppers to one box apiece, and the price for that box is much higher than normal. Northern Japan has been suffering unusually cold winters in r
19、ecent years, and all of Japan has had to endure ( 忍受) hotter summers. This extreme weather has stressed out the nations dairy cows. They have not been able to produce their expected amount of milk. However, even before the bad weather, Japans butter supply was in trouble. The number of dairy farms i
20、n the country has been steadily shrinking. Not many young people in Japan want to become dairy farmers anymore. The demand for dairy products in Japan has also been falling. The Japanese diet consists mainly of rice and seafood, and it often doesnt require many milk products. So the government decid
21、ed to cut back the number of the countrys dairy cows in 2007. This led to a butter shortage in 2008 as well as the current shortage. The Japanese government has tried to increase the stock of butter by importing (进口) about 10,000 tons from overseas. But even this emergency supply has done little to
22、end the shortage this Christmas season. Blogger Audrey Akcasu says Japanese people are using substitutes in their cooking or paying more money for real butter. “Some bakeries are choosing to replace butter with margarine (人造黄油 ) this year, claiming the slight change in taste will be less noticeable
23、than the potential higher price we would see if they used imported butter,” she writes in Nikkan Gendai, a Japanese newspaper. “But for many shoppers, itll have to be margarine or nothing this Christmas.” 28. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The milk. B. The butter. C. The s
24、trawberry. D. The Christmas cake. 29. Which of the following is probably very popular in Japan? A. Being dairy farmers. B. Enjoying various dairy products. C. Eating cakes at Christmas. D. Tasting margarine rather than real butter. 30. Which of the following is Japan actually facing now? A. A cow cr
25、isis. B. Much milder winter. C. A shrinking population. D. Continually falling food prices. 31. What does Audrey Akcasu think of the governments importing butter from overseas? A. Its wise. B. Its unnecessary. C. Its ineffective. D. Its unreasonable. D At the turn of the 20th century, Mary Anderson
26、made history by inventing automobile windshield wipers (挡风玻璃雨刷器 ). In 1902, while riding a trolley bus in New York City, she couldnt help noticing that the driver had to continually stop in order to wipe snow and ice from the windshield. Anderson thought that there had to be a better way. In 1903, s
27、he invented a swinging arm with a rubber blade ( 刮片) that swung back and forth, removing rain and snow from the windshield surface. Andersons model was different from todays models, though, because it was hand-activated by a lever (控制杆 ) from inside the car. Similar devices had been attempted in the
28、 past, but Andersons was the first to work and the first to be successfully patented. Interestingly, she could not sell the rights to her invention. A Canadian company told her that drivers would find the movement of the arm too distracting ( 分散注意力的 ). So even though Andersons windshield wipers beca
29、me standard in cars after 1915, her invention did not make her much money. Anderson was not the only female inventor of her time. In fact, women have been responsible for many practical inventions. Josephine Cochran, for example, declared, “If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine, I
30、will.” After receiving a patent on December 28, 1886, she presented her working dishwasher at the 1893 Worlds Fair. At first not a huge success, the machine was used only by hotels and large restaurants. Household dishwashers did not become popular until the 1950s. Historically, women have held a mi
31、nority of patents. In early U.S. history, social and legal barriers often discouraged women from patenting inventions. In Anderson and Cochrans time, women lacked the same legal rights as men, which forced many women to patent their inventions under their husbands or fathers names. It is unfortunate
32、 that the genius behind each of these inventions was not always rewarded or recognized, because these women helped to create the efficient world we take for granted today. 32. Whats a feature of Andersons invention? A. It depended on electricity. B. It had to be controlled by hand. C. It was placed
33、inside the car. D. It couldnt be used in the winter. 33. What do we know about Anderson and Cochran? A. Both patented their invention under others names. B. Both sold their inventions to Canadian companies. C. Both became very wealthy because of their inventions. D. Both their inventions received a
34、cold welcome at first. 34. Whats the authors attitude towards inventors like Anderson and Cochran? A. Surprised and hopeful. B. Curious but distrustful. C. Grateful but sympathetic. D. Critical and disappointed. 35. What would be the best title for the text? A. Women in history B. Standards of inven
35、tions C. Inventions that break barriers D. Inventors who created the world 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。 Sam Lindsay has loved frogs since second grade. Sam wants people to know that frogs are not only cool, but they are also an important part of the environm
36、ent. They eat lots of insects, including disease-carrying mosquitoes. And their babies help to keep water clear by eating algae ( 藻类). 36 But at least nine species of frogs have gone extinct in the past 30 years, and the number may be as high as 150. Many factors (因素 ) are contributing to the extinc
37、tion of frog species. 37 Scientific studies also point to chemicals used to kill weeds. Sam thought some of his classmates might be interested in learning about the dangers to frogs. When he handed out information at school, “some kids were interested,”he says, “and others .” A few kids even teased
38、him. 38 One day, with his mom, he traveled more than 200 miles by train to Washington, D.C., for a Save the Frogs campaign. 39 He asked people to sign a petition (请愿) requesting that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ban the chemical. Sam says the best way to learn about frogs is to watch the
39、m in their natural habitat. “Frogs breathe through their skin, so its important not to touch them,” he explains. “ 40 Thats because they mig ht be crossing the road.” A. But being teased didnt stop Sam. B. Loss of habitat is one major cause. C. Just how many species of frogs exist is unknown. D. The
40、y are food for fish, birds, snakes, and other animals. E. Anything you do that helps the environment will help frogs. F. And watch out for frogs when riding your bike after it rains. G. He carried a sign that called for a ban on one of the most widely used weed killers. 第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：完形
41、填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可 以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Internet has brought many changes to our world. 41 , the increased use of computers has led to an increase in 42 . A new law now requires schools to use blocking programs to restrict (限制) students Internet access. Some p
42、eople believe that it is 43 for schools to restrict access to certain Internet sites. These people think that restricting access also restricts freedom. However, this argument is 44 . The school is not trying to 45 what students think or write. It is 46 trying to control what sort of things a studen
43、t can or cannot do at a school computer. This is well 47 the rights of the school. One 48 that schools should block access to certain Internet sites is that the Internet contains many offensive ( 冒犯的 ) sites. 49 , some sites on the Internet contain awful jokes and content which might be 50 for child
44、ren. If there is no telling what sites students can 51 , students might be 52 when they see violent or offensive sites. As a result they could 53 other students. For this reason, it is a 54 idea for schools to block access to certain sites. Besides, there may be some dangerous computer viruses, and
45、other 55 computer programs. These programs can infect a computer via the Internet and 56 the hardware ( 硬件) of the system. A student who visits certain restricted sites puts the entire computer network 57 . One infected computer can wipe out or 58 all the other computers in the school. So 59 some pe
46、ople think restricting access to the Internet is wrong, if all the above is taken into consideration, a school that doesnt restrict access to the Internet not only puts itself at risk but also its 60 . 41. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Moreover D. However 42. A. sales B. danger C. employment D. extinct
47、ion 43. A. easy B. wrong C. clear D. perfect 44. A. interesting B. acceptable C. impossible D. incorrect 45. A. record B. offer C. control D. change 46. A. only B. even C. still D. also 47. A. above B. beyond C. against D. within 48. A. result B. purpose C. reason D. benefit 49. A. As usual B. Above
48、 all C. At first D. For example 50. A. helpful B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable 51. A. visit B. create C. own D. find 52. A. supported B. protected C. influenced D. warned 53. A. calm B. hurt C. trust D. understand 54. A. new B. good C. simple D. crazy 55. A. helpful B. colorful C. harmful
49、 D. successful 56. A. develop B. remove C. affect D. mend 57. A. down B. at risk C. together D. into practice 58. A. ruin B. start C. choose D. connect 59. A. because B. once C. since D. although 60. A. sites B. students C. teachers D. programs 第卷 第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确 形式。 A patent is an official document 61. _ (give) to an inventor by a government. This document 62. _ (general) gives inventors the right to stop anyone else from cop