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1、一、形容词和副词的构成1.合成形容词的构成 单个形容词的构成比较复杂，考生要熟记常见的形容词的后缀（如：-able,-al,-en,-ful,-ish,-ous -y,-ly等等）。而合成形容词是有规律可循的。规 则例 词规 则例 词形容词+名词-edkind-hearted名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue名词+现在分词peace-loving形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking名词+过去分词snow-covered形容词（副词）+形容词wide-awake名词+（普通）名词来源:学科网ZXXKEnglish-language副词+现在分词har
2、d-working数词+名词-edthree-egged副词+过去分词newly-built数词+名词twenty-year2.副词的构成规 则例 词在形容词后加“ly”entirely curiously exactly fortunately attentively immediately将形容词的词尾“le”变“ly”comfortablecomfortably gentlegently possiblepossibly probableprobably词尾“y”变“i+ly”busybusily easyeasily heavyheavily angryangrily hungryhu
3、ngrily luckyluckily happyhappily特殊词truetruly二、形容词和副词的功能1.形容词的功能功 能举 例定语He has never seen such a more interesting film.他从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。表语Im fine, but tired.我身体很好，但很累。The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。主语（宾语）补足语The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。（主语补足语）Now you have to pull it to make the
4、 surface smooth like that.现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。（宾语补足语）伴随状语He spent 7days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。与定冠词连用表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语The rich and the poor live very different lives.富人和穷人过着不同的生活。2.副词的功能功 能举 例状语He
5、worked hard all his life.他一辈子工作努力。He plays tennis very badly.他网球打得相当糟糕。作表语Sorry,Mr.Smith isnt in.He is out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。定语On our way home,we saw a traffic accident.在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。宾语补足语I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。注意：副词主要用来作状语，只有少量的副词如：away,up,on,in,off,out等才
6、可以用来作表语和宾语足族语。here,there可以用来作表语，还可以后置修饰名词用作定语。三、形容词在句中的位置形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置the on
7、ly person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Stud
8、ents brave enough D. Students enough brave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. S
9、panish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish四、形容词和副词的重点用法情 况例 句同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)asShe is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。This picture is more beautiful than that one.I have never seen such a more intere
10、sting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make否定词+比较级表示肯定意义I cant agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了（或：我完全同意你的意见）。The weather couldnt be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。This coul
11、d give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。Theres nothing cheaper.没有比这再便宜的了。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。比较下列两句He couldnt care more.他非常介意。（或：他最关心不过了。） He couldnt care less.他毫不介意。（或：他最漠不关心了。） 倍数的表达表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times th
12、e size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher
13、, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.五、形容词、副词的易混点情 况易混点形容词和副词的区别和联系容易把以“ly”结尾的形容词当成副词。下列这些都是形容词：deadly, friendly, lovely, likely, lonely, silly, livelyWhat he said sounds _.A. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderf
14、ully来源:Z_xx_k.Comsound是连系动词要跟形容词作表语，四个选项只有C是形容词，故答案为C。来源:学科网ZXXK来源:Z#xx#k.Com有些副词加“-ly”后变为另一副词，意义容易混淆常见的有：close近closely密切地 deep深deeply深切地hard努力hardly几乎不 late迟lately近来free免费freely无限制地 most非常mostly大多数too much和much too的区别：too much有下列用法too much的含义是“太多”，充当形容词用时，too是副词，用来修饰much，后接不可数名词；too much充当副词用时，可用来修
15、饰动词；too much充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。I have too much homework to do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视看得太多对你的健康有害。You gave me too much.你给我的太多了。much too意为“太”，much（副词）用来修饰too（副词），以加强语气，只可起副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。Its much too expensive.太贵了。You walk（much）too far yesterday.昨天你散步走得太远了。It
16、s much too cold.天气太冷了。相同形式的形容词和副词意义上的混淆This kind of material feels very hard. 这种材料摸上去很硬。（形容词）He found modern art very hard to understand.他发现现代艺术很难理解。（形容词）He is working hard at maths.他正在努力学习数学。（副词）If he were well,he would do the work well.如果身体好的话，他会把这项工作做好的。（第一个well是形容词，第二个well是副词）After all sounds we
17、re still,he had been thinking for hours,but still he couldnt decide.一切静下来后，他一直思考了好几个小时，但还是做不了决定。（第一个still是形容词，第二个still是副词）He is a fast reader.他读书速度很快。（形容词）The door was fast shut.门紧闭着。（副词）His father was fast asleep.他的父亲睡得真香。（副词）as+原级+as构成的词组as much as+不可数名词：多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons
18、.as many as+可数名词：多达I have as many as sixteen reference books.as early as：早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as：远到；就而论We might go as far as（走到远至）the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知）,he has been there before.asas one can：尽其所能He began to run as fast as
19、 he could.asas possible：尽可能Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.as, such, so用法容易混淆as+形容词+a+单数名词This is as good an example as the other is.such和so的句式结构so+形容词/副词 so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词 so+ many / much /little/few +名词such +a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词such+形容词+不可数名词such +形容词+复数名词注意：These are such little boy
20、s that they cant dress themselves.因为little在这儿表示“小”，而不是表示“少”的意思。more/less than及其相关结构more than具体数字 =over多于、超过 more than名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅He spoke English more than two years.（两年多）China Daily is more than a newspaper and it can also help us learn English.（不仅仅是一份报纸）not more than不超过（顶多）=at most There were
21、not more than 70 women in the store then.（不足70个妇女）no more than仅仅，只不过The theater was no more than a painted barn.这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已（没什么大不了的）。less than少于、不足Their car broke down where they drove less than five miles.（不到五英里）not less than以上，至少=at least He has not less than 200 dollars.（至少200美元）no less than
22、不会少于，与一样，简直就It is no less than robbery to ask me for so much.要我这么多钱，简直跟抢劫没有两样。morethan与其不如He is not more an artist than a philosopher.与其说他是位艺术家，不如说他是位哲学家。not morethan不如，不及You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。no比较级than仅仅，最多只不过，和一样不This kind of plant grows no higher than one inch.这种植物最多长到一英寸。The
23、 officials could see no more than the Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。He is no more a good player than I am.他和我一样都不是好球员（他也好不到哪里去）。less形容词/副词/名than比更少，不如Jane is less beautiful than Suan.He is less slow than lazy at his work.=He is more lazy than slow at his work.not lessthan不比少，不亚于She is not less charming than
24、her daughter.她跟她女儿一样有魅力。no lessthan不会比差，正如一样”A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚不会比狗笨吧！连接性副词不弄清上下文的逻辑关系就会误用这些连接性副词。常用的此类词有：besides而且、再说，instead而是、反而，though不过、可是、然而，however不过、仍然、然而，thus/therefore因此、所以，furthermore/moreover此外、而且、再者，otherwise/or否则、不然，anyhow/anyway反正、不管怎样，even so即便如此、即使
25、这样，or rather更确切地说等等。Progress so far has been very good._, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Besides“一直进展良好”与“按时完工”是因果关系，用therefore。本题答案是C。The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;_ , it caused 20 deaths.A. or else B. there
26、fore C. after all D. besides由前后语境不难确定，是要表示“此外，还有，而且”，用besides。其它选项不合语境：or so大约；therefore因此；after all毕竟。本题答案是D。Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. , their political influence should be very great.A. As a result B. As usual C. Even so D. So far由前后的语意逻辑可知，所填之词应是表示“即使如此”之意，用even so。句意：工
27、会已经失去很多权力了；即使这样，他们的政治影响还应当还是很大的。本题答案是C。注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；2. 表示“最高程度”的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior, junior等。 Many a student has a _ opinion of him. But he is spoken _ of by the leader
28、s. A. bad; worse B. badly; highly C. bad; more D. bad; better 【解析】答案为D 。have a bad opinion of sb.对某人评价不高；speak highly/well of sb.对某人评价很高。据句意，选D项。To their great relief, the missing child returned home, _, after an absence of two weeks.A. felt tired and sound B. tiring and soundlyC. feeling tired but
29、soundly D. tired but sound【解析】答案为D。句意：使他们宽慰的是，丢失的孩子两周后又重返家园，虽然很疲惫但很健康。形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，不表示动作的方式。Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building. A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily【解析】答案为C。因“make ones way to”是固定词组，意为“前往”，修饰动词“made”要用副词，排
30、除选项A和B；副词“enough”修饰形容词或副词，要后置，故排除D项。No matter how_ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be【解析】答案为B。考查副词修饰形容词的语序。how与形容词和可数名词单数连用的顺序为：how+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数，与其用法一样的还有so，too等。如：so difficult a question如此难的一个问题；Its too lo
31、ng a Journey to make in one day.旅程太远，一天之内到不了。故选B。句意：沙漠无论多么于旱。也不一定就没有生命。We only had 100 and that was _to buy a new computer.A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhereC. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough【解析】答案为A 。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough做副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。句意：我
32、们只有100美元，他怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。_students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese【解析】答案为A。根据“限定词+形容词+名词”，数词属于限定词，选出A和B来；再根据“描绘（strong）+（长幼young）+国籍（Chinese）”选出正确答案。 He speaks English well indeed
33、, but of course not _a native speaker.A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than【解析】答案为C。修饰动词“speak”时要用副词，排除A和B选项；又因“than”前必须是比较级，故排除D选项。The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride _. A. most B. more C. less D. little【解析】答案为A。很容易误选B或C。根据句子意思可以看
34、出，孩子非常喜欢白天的旅行，而且他们最喜欢的就是骑马了。（从句子中可以看出白天的旅行中经历了很多事情，骑马只是其中之一，所以选用最高级别most）How much she looked without her glasses! A. well B. good C. best D. better【解析】答案为D。句意：不戴眼镜她看上去更好看！与戴眼镜形成对比。much用来修饰比较级。I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times_ . A. as much B. as many C. so much
35、D. so many【解析】答案为C。考查倍数的表示方法。空白处补充完整为“as much as that one costs”。Do you know our school will be enlarged soon?Of course. It will be _ in size，as far as I know.A. the large B. the largest C. three times as largeD. larger three times【答案】C【解析】考查倍数表达法。通常表达形式有：A is倍数asadj.as B; A is倍数形容词比较级than B; A is倍数
36、then(size, weight, length.) of B. 据句意，C项中为three times as large (as the present one) in size。选C项。 It looks like the weather is changing for _ . Shall we stick to our plan? A. the worse B. worse C. the worst D. worst【解析】答案为A。隐含着将现在的天气与将来的天气进行比较。“the worse”后面省略了“weather”意为“天气变坏或恶化”。句意：看上去好像天气在变坏。我们还要不要
37、坚持我们的计划？I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_.A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst【解析】答案为B。由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过（比这部）更差的电影”，省略了“than this one”。 Mr. Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a_ boss. A. better B. good C. best D. still better【解析】答案为A。根据
38、句意前半句可知， 史蒂文先生工作棒极了，后面意味这再也找不到更好的老板了，用否定副词与比较级连用表达最高级。How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had _ one before. A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant【解析】答案为B。考查“否定词+比较级”表示最高级的用法。句意：你最近去四川的旅行怎么样？我以前从未玩得这么开心过。否定词never+比较级表示最高级的含义，表示这次四川之行是到目前为止玩得最开心的一次旅行，故答案为B
39、。David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least【解析】答案为D。因为feel the least desire to go to bed意为“完全不/一点也不想去睡觉”与前文的“他现在还非常兴奋”的语意一致。A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds _strong as 11
40、3 miles per hour.A. too B. very C. so D. as【解析】答案为D。“as +原级+ as”可以表示程度：每小时高达113英里的速度。 The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. Why? Its _ than the films I have ever seen. A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting【解析】答案为A。程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放
41、于比较级前。根据应答者用“Why?”进行的反问，选A。句意：“我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。”“什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了。”I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.（2006江苏卷）A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more【解析】答案为A。“less”是“little”的比较级，表示“较少的”。根据所提供的情景“some more work”可判断出“要少说话，多干活”。“a bit”用来修饰比较级
42、。“any”修饰比较级用在疑问句或否定句中。 When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with _ money.A. so fewB. such few C. so little D. such little【解析】答案为C。本题考查so和such。难点在于他们后面如果是不可数名词怎么办。such+形容词+不可数名词与so+形容词+不可数名词，两种结构完全一样，如何区分？其实，区别很简单，就看形容词是什么。如果该结构中的形容词是表示数量多少的many,
43、 much, few, little, 则用so; 但是，当little 翻译成“小”的时候，用such, such little children 这么小的孩子。so little money这么少的钱。We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush【解析】答案为D。由such（形容词）和so（副词）与带不定冠词的单数可数名词连用的语序可知
44、“so anxious a rush或such an anxious rush”。Now that you like the car so much，why not drive it back?Well, how could I afford _car?A. that expensive a B. that an expensiveC. such expensive a D. a such expensive【解析】答案为A。这里的that是副词，意为“那么，那样”，相当于so，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，修饰形容词。that /so expensive a carsuch an expensive car。 Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my frie