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1、2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our sma
2、rt phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4_cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the la
3、nd. When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water._9 , if you head downhill, and follo
4、w any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 ,even in dense f
5、orest, you should able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 ,assumin
6、g youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization. 1.ASome BMost CFew DAll 2.Aput Btake Crun Dcome 3.ASince BIf CThough DUntil 4.Aformally Brelatively Cgradually Dliterally 5.Aback Bnex
7、t Caround Daway 6.Aonto Boff Cacross Dalone 7.Aunattractive Buncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar 8.Asite Bpoint Cway Dplace 9.ASo BYet CInstead DBesides 10. Aimmediately Bintentionally Cunexpectedly Deventually 11. Asurprised Bannoyed Cfrightened Dconfused 12. Aproblem Boption Cview Dresult 13. AAbove
8、all BIn contrast COn average DFor example 14. Abridge Bavoid Cspot Dseparate 15. Afrom Bthrough Cbeyond Dunder 16. Aposts Blinks Cshades Dbreaks 17. Aartificial Bmysterious Chidden Dlimited 18. AFinally BConsequently CIncidentally DGenerally 19. Amemories Bmarks Cnotes Dbelongings 20. Arestrict Bado
9、pt Clead Dexpose 今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。完形填空取材于名 叫 Popular Science 的网站，文章题目是How to find your way out of the woods without toolsor your phone。考题截取了网站中的部分文章。下面我们一起来看 一下答案及解析。 1.【答案】 C Few 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句，谈到我们生 活在一个 GPS 定位系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都能在手机中找到的世 界里。空格句指出：我们中的在没有手机的情况下走进森林。走进森林或者 陌生
10、地方我们需要地图的指引，所以句意为在没有手机的情况下我们很少有人走 进森林。 Without 与 few 相呼应。 Few 表示几乎没有，填入符合文意。 2.【答案】 C run 【解析】此处考察词组搭配。Put on batteries 表示手机需要电池才能正常使用。 Put on（穿上；增加；使运转），take on（承担；呈现；雇佣），come on（快点； 开始） ，放入句中均与句意不符。 3.【答案】 B If 【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：你在没有电话或指南针的情况 下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明之地。看过四个 选项之后我们发现此题考察的是逻辑关系
11、，此处为假设情况，B 选项代入原文更 符合句意。 Since（因为；自从），though（虽然） ，until（直到） 。 4.【答案】 D literally 【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析。空格所在句指出：如果你在没有电话或指南 针的情况下迷路，你找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明之 地。将四个选项 formally（正式地），relatively（相对地），gradually（逐渐地）， literally（确实地，真正地）带入目标空，发现只有D 选项符合文意。 5.【答案】 A back 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：如果你在没有电话 或指南针的情况下迷
12、路，你肯定找不到北方，那么我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导 航文明之地。前文说到迷路（ lost） ，空格句说我们有一些技巧帮助你文明 之地，肯定是回到（ back）文明之地。 6.【答案】 B off 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+词组搭配，需要运用段落总分结构法解题。空格句 指出：当你发现自己正好一条小径，而不是在完全地形中时，你必须回答 两个问题：在这个特定的地区，哪个是下坡？最近的水源在哪里？目标空出 现在句首，运用我们课上讲过的段落总分结构法解题：段首出现空不要着急做题， 要看段落剩下的部分所表达的意思，通过后面文章可以发现， 前文想表达当你便 宜正常路线，迷失踪迹的时候。B 选项远离，离开符
13、合句意。 7.【答案】 D unfamiliar 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。空格所在后半句出现了but 这个很重要很明显的转折 词，那么所填入的词要与前面的句意构成转折关系，前文说到虽然偏离了路线， 但是也不是完全不熟悉路，D 选项 unfamiliar （不熟悉的，不常见的）符合句意， 为正确选项。 Unattractive（不吸引人的），uncrowded （不拥挤的），unchanged （未 改变的，没有变化的）均与句意不符。 8.【答案】 C way 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。当你发现自己远离一条小径，而不是 在完全陌生的地形中时，你必须回答两个问题：在这个特定的地区，哪
14、个是 下坡？最近的水源在哪里？文章都在讨论迷路之后的对策和办法，那迷路了我们 就需要找到回家或者有人烟地方的路，空格处刚好也是要表达这样的意思，事要 找到下坡的路，所以 C 选项正确。 site （地点，位置，场所），point（要点） ，place （地点，地方）三个选项均不符合句意表达，故不入选。 9.【答案】 A So 【解析】此处考察逻辑连接词。空格前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人基本上靠饮用 淡水为生，紧接着空格句：你下山沿着水走就会发现人类活动的迹象 很明显前后两句之间是因果的逻辑关系，A 选项 So 是表示因果关系的连接词。 10.【答案】 D eventually 【解析】此处考察
15、词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：所以如果你下山沿着水 走，你发现人类活动的迹象所填入 的副词需要与语境相符，D 选项 eventually（最终，最后）符合句意。 Immediately（立即，立刻），intentionally（有 意地，故意地），unexpectedly （意外地，出乎意料地）三个选项带入空格处均不 符合句意。 11.【答案】 A surprised 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从该句“如果你之前探索过这一区域，那就留 心观察那些熟悉的记号，或许你可以很快地找到一块醒目的岩石或者大树能 重新 12.【答案】 B option 【解析】这里提到了一个关键词another
16、，所以说明它所指代的内容在上文中提 到过，且后面有冒号解释说明：爬到高处，寻找人类居住的迹象。说明这也是一种 方法，所以只有 option 最合适。 13.【答案】 D For example 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了一种大致的方法，后面内容是具体分 析，所以用表示举例分析的for example 最合适，其他选项最重要的是、相反、平 均都不合适。 14.【答案】 C spot 【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境，“即使是在茂密的森林里，你也应该能够林 木线的缝隙。”所以这里填上一个动词后面的宾语是缝隙的只有观察这个意思，所以 答案只能是 spot,而 bridge the gap
17、 是弥补代沟，其他几个意思不符。 15.【答案】 B through 【解析】本题考察介词搭配。“因为道路、电线、火车轨道和其他道路都是人们 树林中开辟的。”这里填的介词强调与动词 carve 搭配，表示从树林中 carve 开来， 所以 through 最合适。 16.【答案】 D breaks 【解析】本题考察词义复现。“朝着这些走，找到一条出路。”前面提到了代词 these, 所以内容肯定有所指代，根据前文动词carve 开辟，能得出大概意思为岔路 口，符合题意的就是breaks, 而 post 标杆， link 联系， shade 阴影都不符合。 17. 【答案】 A artifici
18、al 【解析】根据本题语境，强调在夜晚，可以用光源探路，如火源和路灯，填词 为形容词修饰 light sources ， 后面举例说明了是火源和路灯，而这种光源不是天 然的，而是人工的，所有 artificial 完美符合。其他的 mysterious 神秘的， hidden 隐 藏的， limited 有限的均不符合。 18.【答案】 A Finally 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。可以先看选项finally 最终地， consequently 因此，incidentally 偶然地， generally 通常地，结合文章后面一句，“，假设 你迷失在一个人类 常去的地方，寻找我们在风 景
19、上留下的 。”能看出，跟上一 句之间 说的是另外一种情 况，而得出的另一种说法， 所以 finally 更合适。 19.【答案】 B marks 【解析】本题考察逻辑关系。根据原文语境“look for the we leave on the landscape. ” “假设你迷失在一个人类常去的地方，寻找我们在风景上留下 的”。既然迷失了，肯定是寻找记号，答案 marks最合适。 20.【答案】 C lead 【解析】考察搭配Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can you to civilization 山火、轮胎痕迹和其他特征可以
20、你走向现代文明社会。只有“带 你”最符合，所以选择lead， 而 restrict 限制， adopt 采取，收养， expose 暴露， 曝光均不符合。 Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 Financial regulators
21、in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback ” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful r
22、isk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short -termism ” or the desire for quick profits, has wor
23、sened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting th
24、em aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm s efforts to invest in long-term r
25、esearch or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism” In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term
26、thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, sligh
27、tly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance . Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism，” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisiti
28、ons. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakehol
29、ders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term. 21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the A. enhance bankers sense of responsibility B. help corporations achieve large
30、r profits C. build a new system of financial regulation D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives 22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate A. the conditions for generating quick profits B. governments impatience in decision-making C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies D. “short -termi
31、sm ” in economic activities 23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be A. indirect B. adverse C. minimal D. temporary 24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate A. the obstacles to preventing “short -termism ”. B. the significance of long-term thi
32、nking. C. the approaches to promoting “long -termism ”. D. the prevalence of short-term thinking. 25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D. Frustration of Risk-tak
33、ing Bankers 21. 答案【 A】 enhance bankers sense of responsibility 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1 和 one motive in imposing the new rule 定位到第一段第三句。The main purpose of this “clawback ” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.这项
34、“ 回扣 ” 规则的主要目的是让银行家为有害的风险承担 责任，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。正确答案A 的 enhance bankerssenseof responsibility 增强银行家的责任感, 是原文的同义表达。干扰项B 的 help corporations achieve larger profits 帮助公司获得更大的利润，并未提及，是常识性 干扰。选项C 的 build a new system of financial regulation 建立新的金融监管体系， 原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项D 的 guarantee the bonuses of top executives 保证高层管理人员的奖金与原文提到的any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years 任何有保证的高管奖金都可能推迟10 年，表述相反， 属于正反混淆。 22. 答案【 D】 “short -termism ” in economic activities