2020浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空.pdf

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1、2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 1 / 24 见学生用书 P34 语法填空不但是中考的考试题型,而且是高考全国卷的考试题型。 跟高考一 样,中考英语中, 这一题型也是作为单项填空的替代题型出现的。相比单项填空 而言,语法填空强调在语篇层次培养和考查学生的综合语言运用能力,它更符合 情景真实性和交际真实性的要求。 语篇型语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的 掌握情况, 其“突出语篇, 强调运用”的命题思路, 不仅充分体现了语言测试的 交际性原则,也很好地体现了初中英语课程改革的教学理念,与课程标准所 提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合。 就选材而言, 语法填空

2、通常为一篇200词左右的短文, 体裁以说明文为主, 记叙 文次之。就设题而言,语法填空全文共设10 个空。设题分两类,一类是给出提 示词汇,另一类则没有。一般来说,有6个空给出了提示词汇,另外4 个空没有 提示词汇。要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的单词或所提供单词的正确形 式。 就考查方向而言, 顾名思义, 语法填空考查中学阶段所学语法项目。考点涉及冠 词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、动词-ing 形式、过去分词、各种从句、 词形转换等。 考查方向 1明确考查方向,确定解题思路 做语法填空试题时, 当我们面对每一个空格, 对于考查方向, 要做到大致心里有 数。比如,看到提示词为名词,最大

3、的可能性是变复数,其次是转换为形容词; 看到形容词时, 最大的可能是变副词, 其次是其比较级或最高级; 当空格前是一 个名词且后面有逗号, 空格后是一个句子时, 最大的可能性是考查非限制性定语 从句。 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 2 / 24 2分析句子成分,确定所需元素 考生一定要识别各种词性及句子成分(主、谓、宾、表、定、状等 ),明确各词性 的功能及句子成分之间的关系。例如:形容词通常修饰名词,作定语;副词通常 修饰动词,作状语;作主语的通常是名词、代词、动名词及动词不定式等,作宾 语的通常是名词、代词、动名词等。 3理清逻辑关系,确定正确答案 由于语法填空是基于

4、语篇的考查,因此准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系至关重 要。 4掌握固定搭配 /句型,做出正确选择 熟练掌握一些固定搭配和固定句型,会给我们解题带来非常大的便利。 通常只给出空白,没有提示性词汇,需要直接填入相对应冠词(a,an,the)。 The “teacher ” is 61._ small,blue machine about 25cm high, Reuters reported.2018绍兴 答案: a此处表示 “一个小的、蓝色机器人 ” ,且 small 以辅音音素开头,故 应用不定冠词 a。 Florence was 61._ unusual young woman for her

5、 time,because she didnt want to go to parties and get married.2018衢州 答案:an此处表示“一个不同寻常的年轻女子 ” , 且 unusual以元音音素开头, 故应用不定冠词 an。 They often sat together and shared meals in _69_ sun.2018嘉兴 答案: thein the sun是固定短语,表示 “在阳光下 ”。 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 3 / 24 通常考查单复数变化。 一般会给出可数名词的单数形式,考生需要将其变为复数 形式。 Every

6、year, more 59._(story)are bought as e-books and read on a screen.2018杭州 答案: stories根据 be动词“ are” 可知主语是复数。 The children also learn many 64._(skill)like how to live in the wild.2018金 华 答案: skills前面的 many一词暗示这里需要填可数名词的复数形式。 考查方向一般有两种: 名词变形容词; 形容词变比较级或最高级。 when Europeans learned about a very 56._(use)Ch

7、inese invention: paper.2018杭州 答案:useful此处应用形容词修饰名词短语Chinese invention,表示“一项非 常实用的中国发明 ”。 The robot can make students 63._(active)in class than usual.2018绍兴 答案: more active根据比较级的标志词than可知此处应用形容词的比较级。 I handed in my test and the last question 67._(leave)unansweredhoping the 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 4

8、 / 24 final result wouldnt be influenced too 68._(bad)because of it.2018台州 答案: badly此处应用副词修饰 “ wouldnt be influenced” 。 通常考查形容词变副词, 一般在括号里给出形容词形式, 要求考生将其变为副词。 The eagle looked at the hen 59._(angry)and said ,“I dont believe you.You have hurt me ”2018 宁波 答案: angrily此处应用副词修饰动词短语looked at。 2020 浙江中考英语专

9、项突破训练:专题四语法填空 5 / 24 Whenever students have problems ,it helps them very 62._(patient)and never gets bored.2018绍兴 答案: patiently此处应用副词修饰前面的动词helps。 通常考查代词主格变宾格或形容词性物主代词变名词性物主代词,有时候也直接 给空白要求考生根据上下文填入恰当的代词。 But I didnt know 66._(she)name because Id never thought to ask her.2018台州 答案: her根据后面的名词name可知此处

10、应用形容词性物主代词her。 Im speaking English with my classmates all the time and going out in the evenings with 67._(they)2017 丽水 答案: them介词后面要跟代词的宾格形式,所以填they 的宾格 them。 You want to see a concert , but it is also your mothers birthday and you do not want to let _66_(she)down.2017嘉兴 答案: her因为本空格前面是一个动词let,这里需要

11、一个宾语,所以填she 的宾格 her。 “If 66._ want to see your future bright,you have to start working now and not wait 67._ anyone else,” she said at the acceptance meeting in New York.2017 绍兴 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 6 / 24 答案: you根据主句中的 “ you have to start” 以及从句中的 “ your future” 可知从 句的主语是 you。 通常考查介词与名词形成的固定搭配,

12、一般只给出空白, 考生需要根据语境填入 恰当的介词。 Have you ever heard of friendships among animals ?At a zoo in Germany, an unusual friendship developed _46_ a cat and a bear.2018嘉兴 答案: betweenbetween and表示“在和之间”,是固定搭配。 70_ my opinion,teenagers wont cause problems in the street if there are more places for us to go to.201

13、8湖州 答案: Inin ones opinion “在某人看来 ”,是固定短语。 考查方向有两种: 连接并列句的并列连词:and,but,or 等; 引导各种从句 (包括定语从句、 主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等 )的从属连词。 一般只给出空白,没有提示词,考生需要根据语境直接填入恰当的连词。 It was hard work,64._ she loved it.2018衢州 答案: but“ It was hard work” 和“ she loved it” 之间是转折关系,因此填but。 Many more people could afford the books 57._ were

14、 produced on a printing press.2018杭州 答案: that/which本句是一个定语从句,表示“很多人都能买得起印刷出来 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 7 / 24 的书”,先行词 books指物,在从句中充当主语,因此空格处填that/which。 Finally, Im sure well make the town better 74._ we dont drop litter.2018湖 州 答案:if本句是 if 引导的条件状语从句,表示“最后,我相信如果我们不乱 丢垃圾,我们的小镇将会变得更好”。 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破

15、训练:专题四语法填空 8 / 24 非谓语动词是考查的重点,每篇语法填空一般会有23 题考查非谓语动词,包 括分词 (现在分词和过去分词 )、动名词及动词不定式。 通常会给出动词原形,考生需要根据上下文填入正确的非谓语动词形式。 These days it is difficult 58._(imagine)a world without books.2018杭州 答案: to imagineIt is adj.to do sth.“做某事是 ” ,是固定句式。 The hen agreed 54._(do)so ,and the eagle flew away.2018宁波 答案: to d

16、oagree to do sth. “同意做某事 ”,是固定用法。 Sometimes it may be natural for animals _70_(have)their own ideas about who would make a good friend.2018嘉兴 答案: to have本句中 it 作形式主语,动词不定式短语to have their own ideas 作真正主语。 考查中学阶段所学常见的8 种时态,包括:一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行 时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时。 Now Joseph 70._(do)a proje

17、ct,hoping that it will help children face their own “lions ”2018 金华 答案: is doing根据 “ Now” 可知此处要用现在进行时,且主语Joseph是第三 人称单数,故填 is doing。 They could communicate with people that they never 52._(see)and share 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 9 / 24 their knowledge with future generations.2018杭州 答案: saw根据前面的 coul

18、d 可知空格处应用一般过去时。 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 10 / 24 There 72._(be)places to play ball games so far like tennis and basketball 2018 湖州 答案: have been根据后面的 “ so far” 可知此处应用现在完成时,且空格后有 复数名词 places ,故填 have been 。 通常考查主动语态变被动语态。 一般在括号内给出动词原形作为提示,考生需要 根据上下文填入相对应被动语态的正确形式。 About 2,000 years ago ,books with l

19、ots of pages 54._(invent) 2018 杭州 答案:were inventedbooks和 invent 之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语“About 2,000 years ago ”和主语 “ books” 可知应填 were invented 。 After several years a new cage _65_(build)for the bear.2018嘉兴 答案:was built由于这个笼子是 “被建造 ”,因此用一般过去时的被动语态 形式。 NO.1 字数: 200 主题: 家长会的作用及意义 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,简要介绍了家长会的作用及意义

20、。 When parents send their children to school, often they dont know what 1._happens_(happen)day to day.Parents rely on what their children tell them about how they are doing and 2._what_ they learn.Generally schools will host parent-teacher conferences at least 3._twice_(two)a year.Parent-teacher con

21、ferences 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 11 / 24 are short meetings between parents and their childrens teachers.Usually they 4._are_held_(hold)when teachers give out a students grades for the term.The parent-teacher conferences give teachers an opportunity to let parents know 5._how_ their child is doing

22、.6._A_ teacher will let a parent know the students strengths( 优势)and bring to the parents attention some 7._problems_(problem)with grades or behavior.The meetings also offer parents the opportunity 8._to_ask_(ask)questions and see what their child is learning. Most children do not go along with thei

23、r parents to the meetings.This allows both the parent and teacher to talk 9._honestly_(honest)about the childs progress without making the child feel bad.Usually a teacher will offer advice to parents 10._on_ how to support( 支持)their childs education. 【解析】 1根据上下文可知,此处应用一般现在时,又因主语为what,故填 happens 。 2

24、and后面是一个宾语从句,该从句中缺少宾语,因此填what。 3此处表示 “家长会一般一年至少开两次”,故填 twice。 4空格前的 they 指代“parent-teacher conferences ”,且家长会和 “hold” 之间是 被动关系,要用被动语态。又因为全文为一般现在时,故填are held。 5根据第一段第二句中的 “how they are doing”可知此处应填 how,表示 “孩子在校表现怎么样 ”。 6根据后面的 “ a parent” 可知此处应用 “ A teacher ” 来泛指老师。 7根据修饰词 some可知应用名词的复数形式,故填problems。

25、8此处应用动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰opportunity,故填 to ask。 9此处应用副词来修饰前面的动词talk,故填 honestly。 10此处表示 “关于如何支持孩子的教育的建议”,故填介词 on。 NO.2字数: 217 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 12 / 24 主题: 唐代诗歌兴盛繁荣的原因 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,简要分析了唐朝诗歌兴盛的主要原因。 The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry.In the number of poems,in the beauty of im

26、agery(意象),Tang poetry surpassed( 超越)that of all 1._ages_(age)before it. In The Complete Anthology of Tang Poetry, there are nearly 50,000 poems written 2._by_ 2,200 poets.This means that in 300 years the Tang poets wrote 3._more_(many)poems than all the poets had in the years before it. Several fact

27、ors(因素)made this possible.The Sui rulers(统治者 )had started the civil service examinations 4._to_choose_(choose)officials(官 员 ) These examinations were continued in the Tang Dynasty.As 5._a_ result,many people studied hard to sit for the examinations.And they were asked to write poems. Besides ,people

28、 had freedom(自由 )of thought: Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism 6._were_(be)all studied and discussed by scholars.The unification(统 一)of the country made 7._it_ possible for people to travel north and south,to increase their experience.Foreign arts 8._were_introduced_(introduce)into Central China,and

29、they enriched( 丰富)the cultural life of the Han people. Finally , from the Western Zhou 9._to_ the Southern and Northern Dynasties ,Chinese poetry had been developing.This long history provided conditions for the 10._development_(develop)of Tang poetry. 【解析】 1考查名词的数。根据修饰词all 可知此处应用名词的复数形式,故填ages 。 2考

30、查介词。此处表示 “总共有近 5 万首由 2200 位诗人所作的唐诗 ”,故填 by。 3考查比较等级。根据比较级标志词than 可知此处表示 “写了更多的诗歌 ”, 故填 many的比较级 more。 4考查非谓语动词。隋朝设立科举考试的目的是选拔官员,此处缺少一个目的 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 13 / 24 状语,故填动词不定式to choose作目的状语。 5考查冠词。 As a result “结果”,是固定短语。 6考查主谓一致。 根据主语 “Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism ”可知谓语动 词应用复数形式,又因为此处时态为一

31、般过去时,故填were。 7考查代词。此处应用代词it 作形式宾语,后面的动词不定式短语是真正的宾 语。 8考查被动语态。外国艺术是“被介绍 ”到中原,因此用一般过去时的被动语 态,填 were introduced。 9考查固定搭配。 from to“从到” 。 10考查名词。前面的定冠词the 暗示此处需要一个名词,故填development。 NO.3 字数: 208 主题: 英语词汇搭配 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文, 主要告诉我们掌握英语词汇搭配的方法。 Collocation(搭配)is words 1._that/which_ are often used with a spec

32、ific(特定 的)word.For example,three collocation words for the word “friend ” are “best ”, “good” and “loyal ” 2_When_ we learn vocabulary,we might understand the meaning of the word 3._using_(use)a dictionary ,but many times,we do not know how to use the word in a sentence. How do I use that word ?What

33、 are example sentences with that word?These are all common 4._questions_(question)when we study vocabulary. The best way to learn vocabulary is to learn what words are 5._usually_ (usual)used with the word in 6._an_ example sentence.We should improve our basic vocabulary and learn how to use words i

34、n the correct way. 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 14 / 24 It doesnt make much sense 7._to_pick_(pick)up a dictionary and study all the words there.The best way is to find the most frequently used words in the English language and study the most frequently used collocations 8._with_ those words. There are

35、 about 2,000 most frequently used vocabulary words in the English language.Keep in mind that you should study 9._them_ in deep.Do not simply read the example sentences.Learn each sentence and read it out loud until you can say it without 10._thinking_(think)about it. 【解析】 1此处应用关系代词that/which 引导一个限制性

36、定语从句来修饰前面的先行词 words。 2此处用从属连词When引导一个时间状语从句。 3本句需要一个现在分词来作方式状语,故填using。 4根据前面的 “ These are ” 可知此处应用名词的复数形式,故填questions 。 5此处应用副词来修饰后面的动词used ,故填 usually。 6此处表示 “在一个例句中 ” ,是泛指,且 example以元音音素开头,故填不定 冠词 an。 7本句中 It 作形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语作真正的主语,故填to pick。 8 此处作者建议我们学习常用单词和这些单词的常用搭配,介词 with 符合语境。 9本句需要一个代词来指代上

37、文中的words,故填 them。 10介词 without 后面跟动词的 -ing 形式(动名词)来作其宾语,故填thinking。 NO.4 字数: 194 主题: 家庭教育 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,简要介绍了西方国家流行的家庭教育。 Homeschooling,also known as home education,is the education of children inside the home.Home education is usually conducted by 1._a_ parent or tutor(家 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空

38、15 / 24 教) “Homeschooling ” is commonly 2._used_(use)in North America ,while people in Europe usually use “home education ” According to the US National Household Education Surveys , about three percent of all children 3._were_(be)homeschooled in the 2011 and 2012 school year. Parents give two main

39、reasons 4._for_ homeschooling their children: they are not satisfied with the local schools and they are interested in involving( 参与)with their childrens learning and 5._development_(develop) Parents dissatisfaction with schools includes worries about the school environment ,the quality of teaching,

40、 as well as lack of faith(缺乏信任 )in the schools ability 6._to_meet_(meet)their childs special needs.Some parents homeschool in order to have greater control over what 7._and_ how their children are taught.This allows the child to spend 8._more_ (much)time on childhood activities. Homeschooling can be

41、 a choice for families living in the countryside, for those temporarily(临时地 )abroad,and for those 9._who_ often travel.Many young athletes ,actors,and musicians 10._are_taught_(teach)at home. 【解析】 1由于此处泛指父母亲或家教,且parent以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。 2“ homeschooling” 这个术语和 use之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填used 。 3本句主语为 childre

42、n,因此谓语动词要用复数形式,且由时间状语“ in the 2011 and 2012 school year ” 可知应用一般过去时,故填were。 4the reason for(doing)sth. “做某事的理由 ”,为固定搭配,故填介词for。 5 根据 and可知空格处所填单词与前面的learning 并列,故填名词 development。 6此处应用动词不定式短语作名词ability 的后置定语,故填to meet。 7what 与 how 之间是并列关系,引导宾语从句,故填and。 8根据上一句中的greater可知此处也应该使用比较级,故填more。 2020 浙江中考英语

43、专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 16 / 24 9those是先行词,后面由who 引导一个定语从句。 10此处表示 “许多年轻的运动员、 演员和音乐家都是在家里 被教育 ”,因 此要用一般现在时的被动语态,填are taught 。 NO.5 字数: 234 主题: 学会放松自我 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。史密斯先生以一种巧妙的方式,告诉同 学们如何应对压力。 One day,our English teacher Mr Smith came into the classroom 1._with_ a book in his hand.He 2._started_(start)his le

44、sson with a question,“Who can describe 3._what_ stress is like?” No one answered.Then he raised the book and asked ,“How heavy is the book?” We began to think and guess.One student stood up and said ,“I think it is 100g. ” 4._Another_ student said ,“It is 200g.” Our answers were 5._different_(differ

45、ence) At last,Mr Smith explained,“The real weight doesnt matter.It depends on how long you hold it.If I hold it for a minute , it is OK.If I hold it for an hour ,I will have 6._a_ pain in my right arm.If I hold it for a day,I will have to ask you to send me a doctor.It is the exact same weight ,but

46、the longer I hold it,the 7._heavier_(heavy)it becomes.This book stands for stress.If you hold it without 8._putting_(put)it down, sooner or later , you will not be able to hold on.No matter how much stress you have,stop and take a rest if possible.Boys and girls,you should learn to relax 9._yourselv

47、es_(you) I am sure you will live a happy school life.”We will never forget Mr Smith and this 10._interesting_(interest)lesson. 【解析】 1此处用介词 with 表示一种伴随情况。 2根据上下文可知此处应用一般过去时,故填started。 2020 浙江中考英语专项突破训练:专题四语法填空 17 / 24 3 此处表示 “谁能描述压力是什么样的?”, “whatis like”是一个固定句型, 表示“ 是什么样的 ”。 4根据上一句中的 “ One student ”

48、可知此处表示 “另一个学生 ”,故填 Another。 5此处需要一个形容词来作句子的表语,故填different。 6这里的 pain 是可数名词,表示泛指,且以辅音音素开头,故前面需要用不定 冠词 a。 7“the比较级, the比较级 ”表示“越越” ,是一个固定句型,故 填 heavier。 8介词 without 后面需要用动词的 -ing 形式,故填 putting。 9relax oneself是一个固定短语,表示 “某人获得放松 ”,故填 yourselves。 10此处应用形容词来修饰后面的名词lesson ,故填 interesting。 NO.6 字数: 191 主题: 扩充英语词汇量的意义 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文, 主要告诉我们在语言学习时扩充词汇量 的意义。 People often say , “I know what I mean, but I do

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