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1、人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案） 【教材内容解析】 Section A 1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9) (1) help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 Can you help me with my homework? help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 He often helps his mother clean do housework. (2) clean up意为“ 打
2、扫干净 ” Nancy, please clean up your room. 2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up . (P. 9) cheer up意为“ 使开心 ” ，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和 up之间。 Cheer up! Everything will be OK. 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9) give out 意为“ 分发、散发 ” ，相当于 hand out 。 Here are so
3、me toys. Please give them out to the children. 4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9) volunteer 用作动词，表示 “ 义务做、自愿做 ” ，后接不定式作宾语， volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事 ” 。 Tom volunteered to help us. 5. Lets make some notices, too. (P. 10) also, too, as well与 either都可以表
4、示 “ 也” ，但是用法不同。 also 放在句中行为动词前， be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。He also wants to go. too 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。He wants to go, either. as well 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。He wants to go as well. either 用于否定句句末。He doesn t want to go either 6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10) come up with
5、 表示“ 相出、提出（主意或者想法）” 。 Maybe she can come up with a good idea. 7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10) help out 意为“ 帮忙分担、帮 一把” 。 Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. 8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10) 辨析： be /get used to doing sth., used to d
6、o sth.与 be used to do sth. be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. used to do sth. 过去经常做某事The boy used to play computer games. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事More and more wood is used to make paper. 9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10) lonely 作形
7、容词表示 “ 孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的 ” ；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只 能作表语，不能作定语。 He feels lonely at home himself. It is a lonely mountain. His grandfather was alone. Mr Smith lives alone. 10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10) care for意为“ 照顾、照料 ” ，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于look after 或者 take care of。 She cares for
8、 her little brother after school. 11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. (P. 11) such用作形容词，表示 “ 这样、如此 ” ，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词 复数或者不可数名词。 It s such a nice day. I hope to have such delicious food every day. 12
9、. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11) at the age of表示“ 在岁时” ，表示年龄。 He started school at the age of six. 13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11) try out for 意为“ 参加选拔、争取成为 ” 。 Many boys tried out for the football team. 14. I can do
10、what I love to do and help others at the same time . (P. 12) at the same time意为“ 同时” 。 You can not do your homework and watch TV at the same time. 15. Our class is trying to.(P. 12) try to do sth. “尽力做某事 ” The doctor tries to save the sick girl. try doing sth. “尝试做某事 ” The boy tried playing the pian
11、o. Section B 1. I take after my mother. (P. 13) take after意为“ 长得像 ” 。 Mary takes after her father. 2. I fixed it up . (P. 13) fix up 意为“ 修理” ，代词作宾语时，放在fix 和 up 中间。 My computer doesnt work. Can you fix it up for me? 3. I gave it away . (P. 13) give away意为“ 捐赠、赠送 ” ，还可以表示 “ 泄露（秘密） ” 。 My sister gave a
12、way her toys to the poor children. Dont give away the secret. 4. I m similar to her. (P. 13) be similar to 意为“ 与相似” ，be similar in“在方面类似 ” 。 Her ideas are similar to mine. The twins are similar in appearances. 5. I didn t keep it. (P. 13) keep sth. 保留某物 You can keep the book until the next weekend.
13、keep doing sth. 一直做某事 The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison. keep+adj. 保持 The girl eats a little to keep slim. keep sb./sth.+adj./ 介词短语 保持某人 /某物 We should keep the window open while we are asleep. My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge. keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某
14、事 The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. 6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14) write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信 ” He is writing (a letter) to his parents. 7. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14) 有些动词后面接复合宾语时， 常用 it 作形式宾语， 而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担
15、当，并位于宾语 补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。 I find it interesting to play computer games We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. 8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14) make a difference to意为“ 对有影响、对 起作用 ” ，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。 Changing schools made a difference to my
16、life. The rain made no difference to the game. 9. Or imagineyou cant walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14) imagine 表示“ 想象” 时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。 He often imagines having a big house. You can t imagine how fast the player ran. 10. I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telep
17、hone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14) bring 表示“ 带来” ，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用； take 表示“ 带走 ” ，强调从 说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用； carry 表示“ 搬、抬 ” ，没有方向性。 The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. 11. She talked
18、 to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14) train 用作及物动词，表示 “ 训练、培训 ” ，train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人 /某物做某事 ” 。 They train the dogs to keep the door. 12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. (P. 14) be able to意为“ 能，会 ” ，表示能力
19、，与 can同义。 In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers. 【拓展】 辨析： be able to与 can be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。 She can sing the song in English. He will be able to sing this song in English, too. 【重点短语和句型归纳】 重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old peoples home
20、 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经；过去 5. care for 关心；照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在岁时 8. clean up 打扫(或清除 )干净 9. cheer up ( 使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 10. give out 分发；散发 11. come up with 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划 13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用；试行 15. work for 为工作；为 效力 16.
21、put up 建造；举起；张贴 17. hand out 分发；散发；发给 18. call up 打电话；召集 19. put off 推迟；延迟 20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 筹钱；募捐 22. take after 与相像；像 23. give away 赠送；捐赠 24. fix up 修理；修补；解决 25. be similar to 与相似 26. set up 建立；设立 27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响；有作用 29. be able to 能够 30. after-
22、school reading program 课外阅读项目 重点句型 1. 制订计划做某事make plans to do sth. 2. 要求某人 (不要)做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 3. 过去常常做某事used to do sth. 4. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 5. 有感觉 get a feeling of 6. 对产生影响 make a difference to 7. 自愿花时间某事volunteer ones time to do sth. 8. 放弃时间去做某事give up +时间+ to do sth. 9 使得做某事对某人
23、来说是可能的make it possible for sb. to do sth. 【语法讲解】 动词不定式 A. 作主语 为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型： It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. B. 作宾语 动词 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare, 常接动词不定 式作宾语。 C. 作（后置）定语 常用于 “have/ha
24、ssth.to do ”或“enough 名 to do ”“ It s time to do sth.”等结 构中。 D. 作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语， 构 成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to： “ 一感(feel)， 二听(listen to, hear)， 三让(let, make, have, ，四看 (look at, see, watch, noti
25、ce) ，半帮助 (help) ”。 E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在 不定式前加 in order (to) 或 so as (to) “为了，目的是 ” 。常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth. 等。 F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有： had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。 【单元测试卷】 单项选择 (每
26、小题 1 分， 共 15 分) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( )21. Changing schools made a big difference _ his life. A. on B. at C. to D. for ( )22. Marys uncle made _ possible for her to travel around the world. A. it B. that C. this D. one ( )23. The girl is _, so she needs a guide dog to help her. A. sick B.
27、 blind C. tired D. sad ( )24. My friend Tom volunteered _ in the countryside two years ago. A. to work B. work C. working D. works ( )25. Excuse me, I _ find my hotel. You could ask the policeman. A. can t B. mustn tC. needn tD. shouldnt ( )26. She used to _ a bike to school, but now she is used to
28、_ to school. A. ride; walk B. riding; walking C. riding; walk D. ride; walking ( )27. He is very _, so he can carry the heavy box. A. clever B. strong C. quiet D. excited ( )28. Who is the _ of the house? Mr. Black. He bought it last year. A. passenger B. guest C. visitor D. owner ( )29. _ vacations
29、 by the sea is Dales dream. A. Spend B. Spending C. Spends D. Spent ( )30. They often help _ sick children in the childrens hospital. A. cheer up B. clean up C. set up D. make up ( )31. My cousin has difficulty _ English newspapers. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read ( )32. My computer doesnt wo
30、rk. Could you help _ it? A. repair B. buy C. raise D. open ( )33. How nice these pictures are! Please _ on the wall. A. put it up B. put up it C. put up them D. put them up ( )34. I can help my mother do some things like _ the rooms. A. cleans B. cleaning C. clean D. to clean ( )35. We shouldn t rea
31、d in the sun. _. Its bad for our eyes. A. Sorry to hear that B. That sounds great C. You re right D. I dont think so . 完形填空 (每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 先通读下面的短文， 掌握其大意， 然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 易读度 A few months ago, I learned that the city food bank needed some volunteers. I used to be the 36 in my gro
32、up of friends. So, I sent letters to 10 friends. Id like to 37 a group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the disabled people. I wanted to 38 my friends to be part of the group. Almost all of my friends 39 . One day, several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the 40 .
33、“I got such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I saw the 41 people get the food! ” said one friend. Later, another friend made a list (清单) about serving, 42 we could do quickly and easily. Now each month there are new faces that join the group. One woman 43 invited another group of her friends to
34、 serve. It s hard to imagine that simple 44 asking friends to help have made a great difference. At first, I just wanted to be an organizer. Now, I 45 my idea. I also love to work as a volunteer, because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the disabled people. ( )36. A. volunteer B. organizer
35、 C. singer D. nurse ( )37. A. set up B. cheer up C. give up D. clean up ( )38. A. take B. move C. invite D. teach ( )39. A. refused B. agreed C. stayed D. left ( )40. A. training B. journey C. party D. meal ( )41. A. disabled B. strong C. clever D. kind ( )42. A. but B. so C. because D. or ( )43. A.
36、 still B. hardly C. only D. even ( )44. A. words B. visits C. letters D. e-mails ( )45. A. keep B. get C. change D. open . 阅读理解(每小题 2 分，共 20 分) A Ann wanted to play in the city orchestra (管弦乐队 ), but she was nervous (紧张的 ). She thought it might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous, and
37、 she could hardly breathe. After a few rehearsals (排练), she could comfortably play along with everyone else. She found that there was no reason to be nervous and began to enjoy herself. In rehearsals, Ann became friends with Danny. Danny sat next to her and always helped her. Ann often asked him que
38、stions about music. Dannys parents were musicians. They started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old. Ann couldnt imagine playing the violin at that age. Anns another friend in the orchestra was Marie. After rehearsal, Marie would tell Ann funny stories. Though Marie was much older t
39、han Ann, the two became good friends. The orchestra was rehearsing music for a concert. Ann invited some of her friends at school to come. Though they didnt understand music, they promised to come. They all liked Ann and wanted to cheer her. Anns family also planned to go to the concert. Ann looked
40、forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert. On the night of the concert, Ann was excited. Danny and Marie both told her that the concert would be fun. Ann knew that she would enjoy it. The conductor (指挥) Mike was nervous. Ann was surprised because she knew that
41、 he conducted many big concerts all over the world. After the concert was over, the conductor seemed happy. He said the orchestra gave a fine performance. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 ( )46. From the first paragraph we can learn that Ann _. A. didnt want to learn music B. was excited to try new things C. thought t
42、here was no reason to be nervous D. wasn t interested in playing in the orchestra ( )47. Ann made _ friends in the orchestra. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 ( )48. Some of Anns friends promised to come to the concert because _. A. they enjoyed the music B. they wanted to cheer her C. they wanted to learn to pl
43、ay D. they wanted to make new friends ( )49. How did Ann feel on the night of the concert? A. Excited. B. Tired. C. Nervous. D. Sad. ( )50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Ann s parents were musicians. B. Marie was two years older than Ann. C. Danny started playing the pi
44、ano at age 5. D. Mike had much experience in conducting concerts. B Here are some ideas for you on how to help others through volunteering. (51) _ When people get older, it becomes harder to do many things, from walking to the store to doing the housework. Old people living alone can also feel lonel
45、y. As a volunteer, you can do a lot to help the old in your neighborhood. You could visit them and help them with their housework. (52) _ Many people with disabilities need help. You could volunteer to read books to the blind or deliver ( 递送) something for people who cant get around too well. (53) _
46、 There are lots of volunteer jobs to do in hospitals and health care centers. As a volunteer, you can make beds, deliver flowers and gifts, help serve meals, and do lots of other important jobs. (54) _ Some families dont have enough money to buy food and clothes for their kids. Some people dont have
47、 place to live at all. To help these people as a volunteer, you can give clothes, food or money to, or raise money for, a charity (慈善机构 ). (55) _ Sometimes people need more help when the holidays come. Holidays are happy, but for people who are alone or unlucky, they can be a lonely, hard time. As a
48、 volunteer, you can deliver holiday dinners to less lucky people, visit the lonely old people and serve food to the homeless. 根据材料内容，从AE 中选出与各段落相对应的标题，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。 A. Helping poor families B. Helping the disabled C. Helping during holidays D. Helping your old neighbors E. Doing the hospital work 51. _ 52. _ 53. _ 54. _ 55. _ . 情景交际(每小题 1 分，共 10分) 根据对话内容及所给首字母提示，补全所缺单词(含缩略形式 )，使对话完整、通顺。 A: Hello, can I help you? B: Yes, please. Id like to b