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1、一、相关名词Endocrinology 内分泌学endocrinegland内分泌腺endocrinesystem内分泌系统hormone激素二、解剖结构hypothalamus 下丘脑 hypophysiotrophic area 下丘脑促垂体区hypophysis/ pituitary gland垂体 adenohyposis 腺垂体 neurohypophysis 神经垂体pinealbody松果体thyroidgland甲状腺parathyroidgland甲状旁腺thymus胸腺pancreas 胰腺pancreaticislets(Langerhans)胰岛suprarenalgl
2、and肾上腺adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质ovary卵巢testis睾丸三、激素(1) releasing hormone 释放激素 release-inhibiting hormone 释放抑制激素thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH促垂体激素包括促甲状腺激素释放激素corticotrophin releasing hormone, CRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 gonadotrophic hormone, GnRH促性腺激素释放激素 growth hormone releasing hormone, GH
3、RH生长激素释放激素 somatostatin,SS 生长激素释放抑制激素，生长抑素prolactin releasing factor, PRF泌乳素释放因子prolactin release-inhibiting hormone, PIH泌乳素释放抑制激素melanophrone-stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF黑色素细胞刺激素释放因子melanophrone-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor, MIF黑色素细胞刺激素抑制因子(2) thyroid stimulating hormo
4、ne, TSH 促甲状腺激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH ；卵泡刺激素luteinising hormone, LH 黄体生成素adrenocorticotrophic hormone, ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素melanophone stimulating hormone, MSH褪黑激素growth hormone, GH 生长激素prolactin 催乳素 vasopressin, VP血管升压素/ antidiuretic hormone, ADH 抗利尿激素 oxytosin 催产素(3) melatonin 褪黑素(5) thyroxin(e
5、) 甲状腺素 calcitonin 降钙素 parathyroid hormone, PTH 甲状旁腺激素(6) thymosin 胸腺素 thymopoietin 胸腺生长素 thymulin 胸腺刺激素(7 insulin 胰岛素 glucagon 胰高血糖素 pancreatic polypeptide 胰多肽(8 mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素 sex hormone 性激素aldosterone 醛固酮cortisol 皮质醇catecholamine 儿茶酚胺epineohrine/ adrenaline 肾上腺素norepi
6、nephrine/ noradrenaline 去甲肾上腺素dopamine 多巴胺(9) prostaglandin, PG 前列腺素(10) androgen 雄性激素testosterone 睾酮dehydrooepiandrosterone 脱氢表雄酮 estradiol 雌二醇 estrone 雌酮 estriol 雌三醇progesterone 孕酮四、疾病(1) pituitary adenoma 垂体腺瘤 hyperpituitarism 垂体机能亢进 hypopituirarism 垂体机能减退gigantism 巨人症 dwarfism 侏儒症 acromegaly 肢端肥
7、大症DiabetesInsipidus尿崩症PituitaryTumor垂体肿瘤(2) thyroiditis 甲状腺炎goiter甲状腺肿 Graves Diseasediffuse nontoxic goiter 弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿multinodular goiter 多结节性甲状腺肿thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤thyroid carcinoma 甲状腺癌hyperthyroidism 甲亢hypothyroidism 甲减 cretinism 呆小症exophthalmic 突眼的myxoedema 黏液水肿(3) Glycemia糖血症DiabetesMellitus糖尿病polyphasia 多食polydipsia 烦渴polyurine 多尿(4) hypercortisolism 皮质醇增多症 adrenocortical insufficiency 肾上腺皮质功能减退症adrenocortical neoplasm 肾上腺皮质肿瘤pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤