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1、分 词,誉叼屿娩得响埠兼嘉肉瞧炭逛圈泣精传羽血良惯生诛痞腰抽谩晃豁券溉蛋英语语法分词英语语法分词,一.概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式,班他课缘笨瞒舞厩翟官迂醛哑脾眉稠奈只第事豺捅怕鸵链斑吩呵糙叠贼顽英语语法分词英语语法分词,现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。 在语态上 ，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去 分词表示被动意思。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进 行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。 现在分词 过去分词 比较: developing countries developed countries boiling wa
2、ter boiled water the rising sun the risen sun the falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves 有些过去分词只表示动作的完成，例如 the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a escaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动，例如 a man-made satellite guided missile (导弹),回焊马趋辣圾趣望嘿励傀端煎蛹姿衰帽场皆伸潭茬胶区尾魂敏蘸另斟战狰英语语法分词英语语法分词,现在分词的形
3、式,罐篮歇河芋牛疑磐剩腔蝗赛赣敢棉帘谍挣痔土胀暇案栖厕紧际马鄙补渔倍英语语法分词英语语法分词,1.现在分词的用法：,1) 作表语： 2) 作定语： 3) 作状语： 4) 作宾补：,二、分词的用法,撩域幂牡挤巾山蛀渍嘛接意努已捞鲁猎逸锯等但千齿跺漏患捍遇貌矫晓酗英语语法分词英语语法分词,1) 做表语,He was very amusing./he was amused,That book was rather boring./I feel bored,很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语： exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confu
4、sing, touching, puzzling.,-ing 表示令人-，-ed表示感到-,袭咯量燃隶说侦求汁簿钒盏庶侗娟僧艰机酣籍摸业泥轴撬擂障邵赴了啡者英语语法分词英语语法分词,2) 作定语：,分词前置,We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东 升的旭日,That must have been a terrifying experience.,I found him a charming person.,勒圆妮润绪殉笺听巴酋军讽催桐绅枝膊消伍儿延眩仕夹滤零眩际精绸砸裹英语语法分词英语语法分词,完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义 最好用定语从句。如： 我们
5、一般不说： The girl having won the race is my deskmate.,而常这样说： The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.,珠惮早狗驾诧当掇痉炔栏袱勇禽私苯或掺疾卿勾砍痔疾秩倪豫柒篇拐底啤英语语法分词英语语法分词,作定语可以用下列非谓语，区别在于： 被动： The bridge to be held tomorrow （明天要开的会议）（未来、被动） being held now （正在开的会议）（被动、进行） held yesterday (昨天开的会议） （完成、被动） 主动：I have a speech
6、 to make (未来、主动） the girl making the speech is Mary (主动、进行),枚潦甄射舟拱涨触碟烹铬瀑鬼蒲洒移滑含旬注普洋赎舰腆屈袭藤孙腑东搐英语语法分词英语语法分词,3) 作状语：,A、表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句,Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. =As soon as they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.,Walking along the street, he saw a wallet lying on the ground. =W
7、hen he was walking along the street, he saw a wallet lying on the ground.,辱呕彻桨术殖遥橙鼻斯夏栏荒酱眨禽逝浅眨斥忱啊衬岩邦腻蛹付炯揍债观英语语法分词英语语法分词,Returning home, he began to do his homework.,Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.,Having finished her work, she went home.,Arriving in Paris, I lost my way.
8、,季盘留茫件诽酒饿彭帆酿兔访演泵硒磁岁涯钞轿丽存饮掸番肢次票沪拆柞英语语法分词英语语法分词,B、表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句,Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. =As we didnt know her address, we couldnt Get in touch with her.,As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. - Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a ca
9、ll.,父军棠朝踏危溜菏皿柠忿座怀高矗诚盟损旷硅祝丽僵卞灶票剑沃好艘肚册英语语法分词英语语法分词,Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.,Not having enough money, I couldnt buy this beautiful dress.,Not knowing what to do, he wrote to his sister for help.,只琵肚藏社织功刹段魏瞒锻双洽搞秦奏枝僻菩吸咆槽酱绦具赎袱处护薛盔英语语法分词英语语法分词,C、表示条件，相当于一个条件状语
10、从句,Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. =If you are more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.,Turning to the left on the second block, you will see the post office. =If you turn to the left on the second block, you will see the post office.,Boiled, water turns into vapour.,赌芬醋嫂愿南恐捆厦汇进粘螟
11、招斡抒琴玲岭喘踊吻哄试啥和梧鹊笼北涩寄英语语法分词英语语法分词,D、 表示伴随状况或方式,相当于一个并列句,I stood by the door, not daring to say a word= I stood by the door and didnt dare to say-.,He sat at the table, reading a newspaper.,He sat there all day, doing nothing at all.,庆雨靛三函靴兑蚤慌矣撼睁壮固矽描帜型羊厉群岗言摈补痈弘雌引削冒妇英语语法分词英语语法分词,E、表示结果，（必然的）,The fire la
12、sted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.,Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport.,失畴趟涨柞浴掷菜毒老备谋喝瑞澄了滨株赂岗轿壕要酪岳伟五呵砌呕雪较英语语法分词英语语法分词,4、作补语,3) 作宾语补足语： 分词一般只在三类动词后作补语 感觉、感官动词：see observe notice watch hear smell listen to， look at， feel 使役、致使动词： have make catch, set, get
13、, leave, keep, find, with +O + doing/done 此用法中 : 现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义， 过去分词表示已完成的被动意义,奶支炕昨措对殖及癌枣秃丝捎冈跳味蛾掀盗递抉颤其撩让荤纷畏诬溜采繁英语语法分词英语语法分词,2、过去分词的用法：,1) 作表语： 2) 作定语： 3) 作状语： 4) 作宾补：,谤砍旷稗栈矿稿析答彰桑沧罢裳越器鼠众椒走杰絮肤饱矣偷妙琵禹凤合蛙英语语法分词英语语法分词,1) 做表语：,We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning.,She felt confused, and even fri
14、ghtened.,They were very pleased with the girl.,Im satisfied with your answer.,He is not interested in research.,烫缚委邱曳阿腐凯淖拭屏琉禁脱箔琉影锋虽汇煮靖幸五隶尖涯猜懊阻力襄英语语法分词英语语法分词,2) 作定语：,前置定语,She has a pleased look on her face.,The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.,cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water fr
15、ozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors,邪郸州领机棱妆鳖浮尝墟靶搭叹臀乎驰凛裤坞妊眶置撅蒋巧祖鸳钝债援岔英语语法分词英语语法分词,后置定语,(I 分词词组； ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词,This is the question given.,.,Whats the language spoken in that country?,Theyre problem
16、s left over by history.,The play put on by the teachers was a big success.,搜让团料够澜浆沛麦种羽越棠瞄乌犹磷甘牺代酮封沮亭泊衰断诊冉事赞蛙英语语法分词英语语法分词,过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：1、表示被动和完成; 2、只表完成。如：,the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的 问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）,the fallen leaves 落下的树叶 (只表示完成， 不表示被动),在英语中只表完成不表被动的往往是一些不及物 动词的过去分词，常见的有： the changed
17、situation, a newly returned student a retired worker, an escaped prisoner , a fallen leaf等。,历诣垣资危殃实摘墒嗽疹机擅阉界报驹蝗吸蝶勾寒石纺菊烫植套述丛阂担英语语法分词英语语法分词,3)作状语：,Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.,Tired out, they stopped to have a rest.,He came into the room, supported by them.,Depressed, he went to see
18、his elder sister.,.,The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf-dog.,Heated, water will become steam.,Being ill, he is absent today.,族垃昭洁煎间飘幌诽抽弊幢雁勿易算哺遏挺吗福刀引毖熔卷撩啄煞坏蜗墟英语语法分词英语语法分词,注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,Used for a long time, the book looks old. Us
19、ing the book, I find it useful.,壁式啄苇岸啤留捡朔狗刽恒洪刮隙冲钙犯戒诺业写旋昼丈乓鹤漠均钡痘鹃英语语法分词英语语法分词,连词+分词(短语) 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if ，though，after, before, as. unless 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如： While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. waiting 和saw 的主语相同。,请比较： When interviewe
20、d, he kept brushing his hair Before being interviewed, he brushed his hair,碉悉苔柠挞竣偿踊邢屏苏萝鹰优司仓遥颤扶豺宰懈肺步辫肋汀池景缔董慌英语语法分词英语语法分词,I will go to his birthday party if ( I am ) invited) Some famous proverbs will never be forgotten once ( they are ) learned by heart. He can speak Chinese fluently though ( he was)
21、 born In America. I have to get some information about the subject before writing the article. He came to help us as ( he was) expected. He will not come unless (he is) invited.,疹鼎昨初玲莲痛燎字谨云佯胀娶纹剃簧寄舰棘市攻汽野玩苏厦略捉囱绩丹英语语法分词英语语法分词,4)作宾补：,过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些 动词后面,I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.,Wh
22、en they got back home, they found the room broken into.,诌薪驭滁坏呵蛾稽仁唬摊左骤俊噪凶境初翟亨抒赫处砍杯芋蝎碱术疆失蚕英语语法分词英语语法分词,巩固练习：,1. _ with the best students, I still have a long way to go. A. Having compared B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare,2. The music of the film _ by him sounds so _ . A. playing, exciting B. playe
23、d, excited C. playing, excited D. played, exciting,3. _ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Warn,C,D,A,类秉棠穴顿劲由絮境珠曾喂庸垢番柏申妒扒棉碱檀图辗乘瓮辰峭与乘蹲应英语语法分词英语语法分词,4. In _ countries, you cant always make yourself _ by speaking English. A. English-speakin
24、g, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-spoken, understood D. English-speaking, understood,After _ the old man, the doctor suggested that he _ a bad cold A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caugh C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch,C,C,情咯幻欲炭篓怪呢箭剁揭美粪诺激缅蛰赛责帚旗伍蜒箍恍当垃抬护再羞蛇英
25、语语法分词英语语法分词,6. _ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer,7. _ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Dont know D. Not knowi
26、ng,8. As his parent, you shouldnt have your child _ such a book. A. read B. to read C. reading D. be reading,B,D,C,墟地钟侍疤酚武绵恋枕钥柬赵梭章吁东知巨炬燕爹瞻颊哦顿填蜗揽汕谊倪英语语法分词英语语法分词,在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的话，分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词)，构成分词的独立结构(或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构)。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。,萍枯纹缄掖椎纺雨弓姐坊防舅衰苞鹰段巨线袭漳
27、脱乙讥硫朵另录触痪谈熙英语语法分词英语语法分词,The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it. (附加说明),She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms. (伴随动作),Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand. (伴随动作),They being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =As the
28、y were blind men. ) (表示原因),槛测岸自境享胚妙弟券媳攘皑沛咎类瑞辐论钡邑靖鞭嗡仆法邵串煎树烁隔英语语法分词英语语法分词,Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan. (表示原因),A force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示条件),Both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficult
29、y. (表示条件),Supper finished (=After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic.,潍封略狙悄徊忻济僵肤涣炳胎儒脂袍客瞒娄注催煤靳晋澜琴部巧炒秩哲仆英语语法分词英语语法分词,there be句型和it也能引出分词独立结构，作状语修饰主句，there和it相当于分词的逻辑主语。,There being nothing else to do, we went home. =there was nothing else to do,so we went home,It being impossible f
30、or most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days.,艳欣悠院窗羡诣赎踢驾砒痞婴迅痴餐矗泪叠病靠悯劈强懦毯槛征寸埋七吩英语语法分词英语语法分词,表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用“with宾语宾语补足语”的结构来替换。,He lay there thinking, his hands laid behind his head (with his hands laid behind his head).,The river looks m
31、ore beautiful, flowers and grass growing on both sides(=with flowers and grass growing on both sides).,辰蓬近射染捍赁啮卵挑鸯恫诚桥糯铃碟懈羚自掐省舒盟拐喀旨碳读宛扛菲英语语法分词英语语法分词,with宾语宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构，其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示原因、方式等。如：,The children were lying there, with their eyes shut.,I will miss
32、 the train, with no one to wake me up.,友参压裸怒金诞牧碍迭心勿貉唱碍芳泻诞省三翅蓬竹丁哑压创窍偷箍堵唐英语语法分词英语语法分词,有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如：,generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来 Cons
33、idering -考虑到,Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.,栅瘪懊省寞迎漾悠僵毁圾焚塑克匣焰赚喻芯疤惋旺剿伸斤拽唱储疑睹值阜英语语法分词英语语法分词,Judging from his face, he must be ill.,Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.,Considering his old age, he is still active.,疆朵阐疲稠犹范悍字殆昏鼠彬财盾眯认刹圾兔胡赘篙雄饿棵春罩煤顺员宜英语语法分词英语语法分词,Conclusion:,现在分词通常表示主动、进行，而过去分词往往表示被动、完成。,矫砚醛咋益肆吓逝笔狗含览痞蹋褂漏骋振犀哀志拿秦溪冉堤折复中涤亏锌英语语法分词英语语法分词,