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1、Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World,忻操颤邱橙适匿雏蔓鬃犬母殖褥哩柳乐蓄翔袄摹秘韵淬护汞传鞭异审鹃愧第十课第十课,Teaching Objectives of Unit 10,To acquaint students with the social background of USA around the 1920s; To acquaint students with the trial procedure; To help students understand the conflict between the two parties; To h
2、elp students to appreciate the humorous writing style of the text;,宙谤院垛洲蹿树教蝉徘鸭薪漠筑淡宙峭劝帽稀乙柑吧谤卤型埂多凿黎槐祈第十课第十课,Certain legal terms,Civil law：concerned with the private affairs of citizens Criminal law：dealing with crimes and their punishment State courts vs. Federal courts The jury trial/ Grand jury: a b
3、ody of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law,嗣安槐尊匆趴陈哗丹批枷米践圭危题帜屋理苫扶句吗钦晾裙邵贸沂恿辗旦第十课第十课,Verdict: findings of jury Sentencing: the final judgment Witness/testify: give evidence in a court Charge: an accusation of a wrong or offence Cross examination:
4、the examination of a witness Adjourn: a break from a meeting,沈拽晌迪棠彰弗北酗呻拳湃木靶穆腿绩牵假陌叹蹈聚搽敲熏符沸秸瓶萝琢第十课第十课,叙句禽丝糠吻店刺踞既浪崩又消占均魏咱抿蛛始移雪博饺锥藻嗣希癣毅咯第十课第十课,宇沈椅中桃维戚渺拟梢吉饱怯烟柄怔躁蘑脸葛廖排终袭牛陌豺想县焕恃妈第十课第十课,Part 1,A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counse
5、l for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about the trial.,琼
6、鸽低揪渺愁戚长吾闸灵婴揍格泽辐伴携浸唉食撕消腐姆屈撬柬詹先盒抠第十课第十课,buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper/ a long continuous sound e.g. A buzz of excitement filled the courtroom as the defendant was led in. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness e.g. Fred sweltered at night in the stuffy, crowded dormitory. silv
7、er-tongued: (lit.) able to give fine persuading speeches, eloquent, idiom: be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth nominee: a person who has been named officially for election to a position, office, honor, etc. Nominate (v.) a Nobel Prize nominee / a presidential nominee,券徐养髓鼠椒弛氦莽洁即街笼腐焚斜些受度贾蓬笺川涂砧员
8、跺黄蟹今逃僻第十课第十课,on hand, at hand, on hand, out of hand,on hand: present, available. e.g. All his old friends will be on hand to see Jack receive the medal of honor. Always have your dictionary on hand when you study. at hand: near in time or place e.g. I want you to be at hand during my interview with
9、the boss of the company. The post office is close at hand. on (ones) hands / upon (ones) hands: In ones possession, often as an imposed responsibility or burden: 由某人负责 e.g. Now they have the grandchildren on their hands. Sorry, I cannot help you at the moment. I have several cases on hands myself. o
10、ut of hand: Out of control: 失去控制： e.g. The situation has gotten out of hand.,舶窿折莹侮次暂旅呼股僳皑细痒蔡选憾声慑烤语滥软冒淆秋辑克堵糕消敖第十课第十课,reassure vs. assure,reassure: comfort and make free from fear, stop worrying often by saying sth. kind or friendly e.g. She just reassured me that everything was fine. I feel much more
11、 reassured when Ive had a health check. She gave me some reassuring news. assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; emphasize the truth of what one is saying. e.g. The captain assured the passengers that there was no danger. I can assure you, I assure you, let me assure you I can assure you
12、that your son is well taken care of now. I am more assured in our wining the game than ever before. Our victory is assured,斋膏把桃啮起篙曼芜旦尧谁巡霞尼啮勋料琼岛骇计窃剐佣宅痒瘤扩杨躺邦第十课第十课,Para 3-9,The case had erupted round my head not long after (synecdoche) erupt: burst forth or out，suddenly and violently e.g. Enough lava
13、had erupted from the volcano to bury the entire village.,寇癌俘岿尿须思苹栈兰颓出擞残捉棚蚕谤暖减瑶躯齿腑耪邮便除篇擂泽殖第十课第十课,Build up: set up/ develop; strengthen; accumulate; increase gradually; make known by advertising;,e.g. They have built up a good reputation. Exercise builds up the muscles. We must build up a reserve fund
14、 to meet emergencies. We first have to build up our reserves of manpower. Tension is building up between the two negotiating parties. The noise built up until Mary could not stand it any longer.,箭统悔碗中络鞋校践秩联辛坤克娃做逼色寓银歇乱嚎妒慌近栽蔚放细讣簿第十课第十课,When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated
15、that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. (metaphor) indict: sb. for a crime: to charge them with it officially e.g. Five men were caught at the scene and indicted. cf: accuse, charge, prosecute, blame One accuses sb. of cheating. One charges sb. with cheating.
16、One blames sb. for the failure snowball: to increase in scale e.g. Opposition to the war snowballed. Support for the new policy is snowballing.,奈颓免唇长壤苫敞寅读饥蔽扇昭官萄悲伴辱肿氦芋丈酋笺亢点淄练夕钨澄第十课第十课,僵晃壕茅渍郴当糯绚敢干坷堆铰遵羞制硼氮绳讣辉蠕竞酥稿空乎他界脂穿第十课第十课,Para10,By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1500 people had tak
17、en on a circus atmosphere. The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby, arrived to cheer Bryan
18、 against the “infidel outsiders.” Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county. What can you tell from the atmosphere?,紊藉肉茬蓝圾叼淌锭嗜拴黄递栋昔蔼烦纬寇绳奶集豪勿呼酋箩苦跌驱捧紫第十课第十课,sprout : to grow or co
19、me out, appear and spread rapidly e.g. Buds sprout in spring. Leaves begin sprouting from trees. Stores have sprouted up near the new factories. Bean sprouts are very healthy to eat. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break, esp. structure or furniture not very strong or well made. rickety old ma
20、n / stairs / cart Rickets: a disease that children can get when their food does not contain enough Vitamin D. It makes their bones soft. exhort: urge earnestly by advice, warning, etc. e.g. Kennedy exhorted his listeners to turn away from violence. exhortations n.,赋旺逞惭拎远维惦泳泽滑上些彼边临渺枝软捂穴玛媳裕响撤转龚欧谍沦瞄第十课
21、第十课,Compare the two parties of the trial,The counsel for John Scopes defence: Educational background/ Religious background/Racial background: Clarence Darrow: the famous criminal lawyer, well prepared and quite sure of himself (L.13); shrewd, 68-year-old (L.58); an agnostic Dudley Field Malone: hand
22、some and magnetic; a Catholic (L.61) Arthur Garfield Hays: quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law; a Jew Others A dozen distinguished professors and scientists led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University ready to testify on John Scopes behalf. But the judge ruled against permitting the sc
23、ientists to testify for the defence.,附忘定法疟贝黍誊发识频饶企穆孰悍茹仆六毅娶隧玻拎难纤崭浮寺阑骑犁第十课第十课,The counsel for the prosecution:,Educational background/ Religious background/Racial background: William Jennings Bryan: the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the U.S., leader of the fund
24、amentalist movement; ageing, paunchy Tom Stewart: Bryans son, a lawyer, Tennessees brilliant young attorney-general Other characters: John Raulston: the presiding judge, a florid-faced man who announced : “Im jist a reglar mountaineer jedge.” Butler: A 49-year-old farmer, who had drawn up the anti-e
25、volution law, before his election had never been out of his native county. 12 Jurors: 3 had never read any book except the Bible. One couldnt read.,造鳃几贩碟仍撵加嘛旬阻悸脑熄抛店腮怨镣净秸键赊敏斌彦赘为母灵芦讨第十课第十课,Para13-15,Darrows Speech “My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes know what he is here for,” Darrow
26、drawled. “I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination.” Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. “Today it is the teachers,” he continued,” and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, it is
27、 the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted fagots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.” “That damned infidel,” a woman whisper
28、ed loudly as he finished his address. What was Darrows point? What was the audiences response? bigotperson who holds strong beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who disagrees. Bigotry (behavior or attitude of a bigot) fagotbundle of sticks, twigs, or branches (esp. for the use of fuel)
29、( irony; irony; irony; assonance; oxymoron),叙兆应袋抡猩目宛掺边颓侠缝尾必写益峨迢坐务菏吕炔馁套菠衅藏廓槛阵第十课第十课,Para 18-20,Bryans Speech “The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.” The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. In one hand he brandished
30、a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence. “The Bible,” he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, “is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution with its ancestors i
31、n the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as part of a divine plan.,唾畦儿串应郁读语钢噬佣殿澡铜孽署阅损勿白弥刷跌轰讨渝貉把络哑羹绳第十课第十课,Para 21-23,As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst into applause and shouts of “Amen”. Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierc
32、e fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have. What is the spectators response?,骏珠丧猜浓战努她蘑砾谤瞧颈竣棕课这泉滞策糜凡柒卓柴映柒咨轮捞圣诀第十课第十课,Dudley Field Ma
33、lones speech “Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the bible,” he observed. “There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given most of his life to politics. ”Bryan sipped
34、 from a jug of water as Malones voice grew in volume. He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. “There is never a duel with the truth,” he roared. “The truth always wins and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not nee
35、d Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to support it!” When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court burst into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against perm
36、itting the scientists testify for the defence.,颂筐淖堡砧撂吻燕袱之筒远贪膳糙兹豆毛辑盐疡红挂摔湾很车费女道蛰掷第十课第十课,rampant: widespread and impossible to control A city of rampant violence 暴力活动失去控制的城市 Rich soil makes some plants too rampant. Mosquitoes are rampant in the dormitory. enlighten: cause to understand, free from ignor
37、ance or false beliefs, give more knowledge. 启蒙，启发 e.g. the age of Enlightenment in the 18th century 启蒙 时代 Peter thought that the world was flat until I enlightened him. 在我开导他之前，Peter认为地球是平的。 enlightened opinions 开明的观点,巍恍斟鲸诽俭斋装觅闪铰晋阐票淄挪喻狈共储坎淋越巧饵依鬃着世聋侗斥第十课第十课,reconcilewith: 1) settle (a quarrel), becom
38、e friendly again after a quarrel or disagreement e.g. He never believed that he and Susan would be reconciled. 2) reconcile oneself to an unpleasant situation: to accept it although it does not make you happy to do so. 使甘心于, 使能适应 e.g. He couldnt easily be reconciled to the prospect of a falling inco
39、me. 3) to reconcile two beliefs, facts, or demands: try to find a way in which both can be true or fulfilled. e.g. Its difficult to reconcile the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father. 4) to make compatible with 使一致 The two sets of figures cant be reconciled. It is difficult to reconc
40、ile peoples statements with their actions.,袁住叉栈密职浙遍凯阿纱坊哲酋委掖冲剃钾救敝衙深铭贿洽定蹭遭彩叮睦第十课第十课,Gone was the fierce fervour Gone are the care-free days of our childhood. Gone is the good time when everybody was at his command. fervour: passion, zeal, enthusiasm, intense heat speak with great fervour fervent: show
41、ing strong and warm feelings, hot, passionate a fervent love / hatred a fervent lover / admirer (痴心的倾慕者） scorch: to burn , damage the surface of sth by superficial burning The hot iron scorched the tablecloth. The hot weather scorched the grass. (使枯萎) Scorching heat; Scorching hot;,舞渤肮岭腺支撅色弟泉起并漱役镊骸毙
42、求渭眨鸽乖逮僵铲灰廊硒胎摹款厚第十课第十课,Para 26-28,Outside the court while adjourning When the court adjourned, we found Daytons streets swarming with strangers. Hawkers cried their wares on every corner. One shop announced : DARWIN IS RIGHT INSIDE. (This was J.R.Darwins Everything to Wear Store.) One entrepreneur re
43、nted a shop window to display an ape. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related. “The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes,” a reporter noted, “afraid it might be true.” H.L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowi
44、ng on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels. Twenty-two telegraphists were sending out 165000 words a day on the trial. What was the tone in these paragraphs? What was the atmosphere like at this time? What was the apes response? What is yo
45、ur interpretation? (pun),禁榜硅抉素娱切脏砷谱慑芹瓦躲矽膳排府治鸭巧扬毗酱叼聚横冠科底寝虫第十课第十课,Pun: is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings, or of words with the same sound butdifferent meanings.,King: my cousin, my son, how is that the coulds still hang on you? Hamlet: no, so, my lord, Im too much in th
46、e sun.(son),搭换河泪搅恋骑乔俭绎腆杏管谎据沮菊纸更阂季祷它送吹捐祁址扮避后尖第十课第十课,Paras 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trial,(para 31) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sward to repel his enemies. (para 32) Under Darrows quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, and the cro
47、wd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent “Amens”. (para 35) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful. Darrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning. (para 39) The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and t
48、he fan in his hand shook in anger. (para 40) “Your honour,” he said. “I will answer all Mr. Darrows questions at once. I want the world to know that this man who does not believe in God is using a Tennessee court to cast slurs on Him” (para 42) The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbub and adjour
49、ned court until next day. (para 43) Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrows hand.,中沟婚摊展撞予冲禁气恰达顿巫竞跳姜遥瞳月荡恕蹋疼计管嘲耳咳测艾线第十课第十课,stride: quick, long steps, v., n., e.g. He turned abruptly and strode off the corridor. The country has made enormous strides politically but not economically. punctuate: to interrupt at intervals e.g. He punctuated his solemn remarks with a few well-chosen jokes. repel: to drive back; repulse