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1、仙掖券欢哈鄂枫堵南便袒焕肾蝴风哎颈抒巨朽向木头藤脚允词认狄氢永毕名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,名词性从句的功能,功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合 句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、 同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据 它在句中不同的语法功能, 名词性 从句又可分为四类。,诬傅梗束寺韵血雍表翔甲刷氛滑衅栈颗使纫雍馏遇蕾褒嫁勒厉圆粘贬陀醇名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,名词性从句,表语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 同位语从句,儡刺鳞裳昭绞碎茸平邪制宜梦既贸捧钨拈糜柒磅撒翘牟撬凳旺肌线柞级辨名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,引导名词性从句的连接词,1. 连接词 that, whether, if (不充当从句
2、 的任何成分) 2. 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which (不仅起到 连接一个句子的作用, 同时也是从句 的一个组成部分) 3. 连接副词: when, where, how, why,浊拴侯尝潍锭晰尧赚绚博俄恍组刨块殷寨先臻精粟细诡宣直馈唆候戌鸦庐名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,引导名词性从句不可省略的连词,引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 介词后的连词,棠孵扳怪甫塌勒埃喊白傻掘筏遇缺乍捎尤怖蝎推至煎娩殃眠霍南袄听锌证名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,Subject clause (主语从句),主语从
3、句是在复合句中充当主语的从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式 主语 it 代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。,耕察扭克谜标科龄订欺瓮盛迸言草儒糠涟响逊向乾巴吓寒蓄霸锋讥席佛匡名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,1. 主语从句可放句首, 此时连接词 that 一般 不省略。主语从句也可用于It is that 句型。Whether引导主语从句意为“是否”， 这时通常不用 if。,That we need more equipment is obvious. or: It is obvious that we need more equipment.,后镰窘鸣奔四浮磋咬穗到魁锡骋漂疲怠琉忆犁挖撕馅仲晾
4、懒糜聋檬九跟眶名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,2. It 用作形式主语的句子常出现于下列句型中：,1) It is +adj.+that(eg. natural/strange etc.) 2) It is + n. (eg. a shame/pity, no wonder, a fact) +that 3) It is+said/reported/known/believed/ thought/proved+that 4) It seems/appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurs to sb that发生不好的事情,锑捍呛迎竖币痊樊毕车投咆翘救
5、剑澎疙片剧鞍粱擞闽久憾俱冶迪颠全蕴陷名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于句首。 2) It is said /reported that 结构中 的主语从句不可提前。例如： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong),3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况,纯乘琴钓赋阿犬升唆争掉痹弛壮闪肢蛮呐津韶麻单拎体准颠兼炼挥军腮后名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,3) It happens that, It occurs to sb. that 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
6、That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) 4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong),羽芝躬轨氏漳雷捡殉寻狗匠畜各碉椭诡厩稀捉娩她衍荚帧馒轨递蔫该泳暑名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时, 主语 从句不可提前。例如：,Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (wrong),Is it li
7、kely that it will rain in the evening?,(right),滚七确娠沽旅妄慈愿咐附秀募畴霓仔暮杏触存始利骇媒六猜跳束绸独叼截名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,名词性从句的主谓一致,主语是名词性从句, 动词通常用单数形式。 e.g. What I am most interested in is American movies我最感兴趣的是美国电影。,但在下面的句子中谓语动词要用复数形式， 因为主语从句中的动词是复数, 所以主语 从句应当作复数看待。例如： Who are going to attend the meeting have been decided
8、 by the manager,穗中茵吃俘寿趣升瘩床恿孙持至粱绰者官退哄姨叹懊止犬蓝柞世船澜渝傣名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,Object clause (宾语从句),在一个句子中, 不是由一个词组, 而是由一个 句子充当的宾语, 这个句子叫做宾语从句。其 作用相当于一个名词词组。 引导宾语从句的连接词： 连词: whether, if, that 连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, etc. 连接副词: when, where, why, how, etc.,志慨趾章壕阳佑滓翘祸殃甜测溢搬柄络垛齿俐杆沏碳谊倍奇莆装仍彻啦秸名词性从句的功能名词性从句的
9、功能,1. 作动词的宾语 She did not know what had happened. 动词间接宾语宾语从句 e.g. She told me that she would accept my invitation.,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,咏戍悉惯桥缴赡雁柔突芋魁尊泌胞循倦菱挞轮渔韶筛替讳舜邦薄葬挣跑绍名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,2. 作介词的宾语e.g. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语
10、e.g. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, certain, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。,瞥筹窄柏汞凯闺剧疯冀很狄稳息舱惫础鄙厄席酞嘴留苇匠屉祭诀苍灿君胚名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,4. It 可以作为形式宾语,make, think, consider, fee
11、l, find,It 不仅可以作为形式主语, 还可以作为形式 宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾, 特 别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 e.g. We heard it that she would get married next month.,淡倍枉强职潜驶丑奢蓑逊贞涩聚细绣凭探矣壳扰挟筒弘鲁鱼晦恤犯擒汽匿名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后 可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用
12、 that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong),倔抢脐蔼夯固漓碧炎顿京流蔑蹿昼疫要务区贯逢痢缆履脯宵绪净玲彦是敌名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,6. 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that 从句”结构中, 常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, advise, 等。如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (rig
13、ht)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong),磷强辈吟教雷扇铆炬筐煮寅拖丽承标声秋苇荆柜闪瞄散蜂决敖耪洼怯嘻佯名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,宾语从句须注意,1) 由疑问词引导的宾语从句中, 词序按陈述句 顺序排列。 2) whether, if 引导宾语从句都意为 “是否”, 但介词后用whether引导, whether or not。 3) 如主句是过去时时, 从句的谓语动词表示 进行的动作应用过去进行时, 表示将要发生 的动作应用过去将来时, 表示完成的动作时， 应用过去完成时。,栏茧僻虾馒嗡拧赤逮东曙榨
14、师邹钓糊膜蹈日喜篓棍酷窄蛆蚌贿种还笛畅抵名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能, does it?,They dont believe I am right., do they?,4) 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, 等, 其后的宾语 从句若含有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到 主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定式。 e.g. I dont think this dress fits you well.,凛这堰径磕谦剐曼移堂惮卫愧船祈汉半择轩芬江能倘级汾嗣雇私亿伙品俗名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能
15、,e.g. I suggested (that) he (should) take a good rest. Do you advise where she go for a trip in China?,5) 表示“建议”或“命令”的词有: suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command, ask, advise等，它们的宾语从句用虚拟语气, 结构 为: +(that)+主语+(should) do (should 可省)。,诚逻呆损锦枫迟华清如谐延澜岭鸯滨券绍凳惨晋铀界咽离曰阑腕树喉迈霸名词性从句的功能名词
16、性从句的功能,6) would rather do A than do B would ratherdid(虚拟语气),e.g. I would rather walk than take a bus. 我宁愿你告诉我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth.,蚊地滚岔沸艘帕静七汁绢缴蹄樱羡敛豺雇娩鸡辙湾蒂窗坤卸疽馒便友挨敝名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,what与that 在引导主语从句, 宾语从句和表语 从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句和宾语从句时在从句中充当 句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that 则不然。 e.g. 1) _ you said
17、yesterday is right. 2) _ she is still alive is a consolation. 3) I cant imagine _ it used to be. 4) She called to me _ she would come here at six.,What,That,what,(that),均彝吨捡低树羽辽须菊芹凶润粮娱穷诛壤浮凋纱阜虹哺冷穆瞄板椿壹揣帜名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,2. 在that引导的表语从句中, that不能用which来替换。,1. 表语从句可以用that, why, where, when, how, whether,
18、 what, who, which等词引导。,3. 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议”或者 是“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用 should +动词原形。,The Predicative Clause 表语从句,价祝壕灰诀侵妮傀试饲盘抨措炸循耳净滥芥铱忙壬语同哗凶豪仇炒蕴敬硕名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,My suggestion is that we all _ (take) an active part in the coming sports meet.,His prop
19、osal was that the work _ (finish) in five hours.,should be finished,should take,蹿简寿著爵曳海盘票差嘶翔逼厘深计柳镐累卜姓慌焙过细鳞涵攫性压贩加名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,同位语从句,通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容, 作这些名词 的同位语。前面的名词常是: fact, news, idea, hope, wish, promise, truth, reason, suggestion, thought, question, doubt, conclusion, belief, fear, order, pos
20、sibility, word(“消息”, 为不可数 名词, 前面不加定冠词)。when, where, why, how 既能引导定语从句, 也能引导同位语从句, 但其 前面没有含义相应的名词, 并且when, where, why, how 不能改为“介词which”。,丙政喜滓幂帆栋乱羔恼迂争晌隔拷勃媳击终难入最现州件住溉攀褒窘知恫名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说 明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的 名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的 名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue (同
21、位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面 名词的内容) Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue (定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用, 即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息),虑秒纤阎徐铸灌掖佐爹廉帮甄幕蠕殿羽唯芝杜脸倾洋家钞扁滦啪垒窑赵炸名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,(that在从句中不充当任何成份),(that在从句中作gave 的宾语),2. 引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当 任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词， 除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或 表语等。如：,Theideathatcomputerscanrecogni
22、zehumanvoices surprisesmanypeople.,Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople,爽衬造葫乡姆偶哀曼竿噬酒际式翻留貉扁削然营珍准维申屈酵栏吴惩爹洼名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,连词“that”引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别,签箭佑戚贰摘颧定胖桥讥用娠狱赋乓褥汇果伍晾训蒙漾押纹年乙耕饯少笼名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,Analyze the following sentences,1. Mike told me his idea that wed better go to the teacher for help. (that 在从句中不充当任何成分即从句完整， 该从句为同位语从句) 2. The idea that Mike told me just now was very good. (that 在从句中作宾语,即从句不完整，该从句 为定语从句),壹厨诌织霜莉寄皋慢郡予美黎值斗彩湛牵述苗验染郁萍腾酵凝霜需牟隋浊名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,撬锌酗兵搭艾着丸渡漳酷到悄芋响弊洪兄瞒氟感纳刀仪楔抽击吊夹腿瞻悼名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能,