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1、.定语从句（一）-关系代词的用法一定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who， whom和whose，关系副词包括where， when， why等。三、关系代词的用法关系代词指代人还是物在从句中的成分That人和物主语和宾语Which物主语和宾语Who人主语和宾语Whom人宾语Whose人和物定语
2、部分特殊先行词的关系词选择先行词在从句中的作用或成分关系词时间时间状语When= in/on/during/at+ which主语/宾语That/which地点场合地点状语Where=in/on/at + which主语/宾语That/whichReason原因状语Why=for which(非限制性定语从句只能用for which)主语/宾语That/whichWay方式状语That/in which/省略主语/宾语That/whichPoint,situation, condition,stage,case地点状语Where=in which主语/宾语That/whichMary like
3、s music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）2.whichThe building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The boys who are playing f
4、ootball are from Class One.翻译： 4.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻译： 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhi
5、chisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 2. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one
6、等不定代词时；例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗？c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时；例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和
7、一些照片。e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher?先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday. 先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。3. Do you like the book whose color is blue?先行词是 ，关系代
8、词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。4. Ive lost the pen which I like best.先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。做题思路：1、首先要分清主句与从句；2、然后找出先行词3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行词指人，还是指物；5、在此基础上，选定恰当的关系代词。1.The man _ is standing there is my father.A. who B. whom C.
9、which2. The girl _coat is red is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which.3. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when4. Who was the man _ spoke to you just now?A.who B. whom C. that 5. It is the best film _ she has ever seen.A. that B. which C. when 6.Ch
10、ina is a country _ has a long history. A. who B. which C. where 7. The boy _ I talked with just now is my best friend. A. who B. which C. where8. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are verypopular with the young. A. whose B. that C. who D. which9. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered
11、in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。1.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.2.This is the book you want.3. I once lived in a house window was b
12、roken.4. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.5. The house _we live in is very old.6. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？7. Im waiting for the woman with you talked just now.8. The town in he lives is far from here.9 This is the biggest building _we have ever built in our school
13、.10. This is the second school _ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.定语从句（二）-关系副词的用法一概述定语从句中的关系副词是where ，when 和why，1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.3.
14、why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.其中why 的用法比较固定，通常先行词必须是the reason， when 和where的用法要求有两点，第一，先行词分别表示时间和地点，第二，一定要在从句中作状语，否则即使先行词是指时间地点的也不能用when 和where。二关系副词=介词+关系代词关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换why=for which where=in/at which when=in/on/during which：1. The reason why/ for w
15、hich he refused the invitation is not clear.翻译： 2. I dont know the year when/in which he went to school.翻译： 3. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 翻译： 三. 判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别：方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：This is the
16、 village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? Is this the museum _you visited? A.where B. that C. on which 1. That is the town _ he was born. A.which B. where
17、 C. when D. why2.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago? A.that B.where C.which D.theone3. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one4. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who5. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A.
18、 who B. whos C. which D. whose6. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when7. This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which8.The house I lived ten year
19、s ago has been pulled down.9. The house I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.10. I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.考点一：关系代词who,whom,whose的选择：1. This is the man _often helps you.2. He is the student _composition won the first prize.3. Dont get close to the house _roof is under re
20、pair.4. The person with _I shook hands is my teacher.考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：1.This is the market _you can buy many things . This is the market _sells all kinds of things.2. (1) Theres one point _we must insist on. (2) She reached a point _she was supposed to make decisions of her own.3. (1) I didnt believ
21、e the reason _he explained to me.(2) I didnt believe the reason _ he went there.4. Its a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. Its a job_ I dislike 5. There was a time _I hated to go to school.非限制性定语从句Revision 定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有: _(指物), _(既可指人又可指物), _指人
22、，在定语从句中作主语或宾语), _(指人，在定语从句中作宾语),_(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:_(指时间), _(指地点), _(指原因)等。用适合的关系代词或副词填空1. I sat next to a girl _ name was Dina.2. Students _ do not make good use of their time may fail their exams.3. David was one of the most helpful students _ we ever had.4. We talk about poems and poets _ we like
23、 .5. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge?6. Do you remember the day _ we spent together? 7. I dont know the reason _ the house is so dirty.8. I dont believe the reason _ he gave us.9. We learn in a classroom _ windows are broken .10. Yueyang is the place _ I was born .非限制性定语从句定义 定语从句分为限制
24、性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。Non-restrictive attributive clauses:1. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.2. Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at a
25、ll, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.Example 11. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.Conclusion 1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用_定语从句修饰。This is the house (which/ that )we bo
26、ught last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。1. _从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明, 去掉它也_ 影响主句的意思。注意：非限制性定语从句,不可that引导非限制性定语从句考点归纳：as 和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。Example:1. As everyone knows,China is a country with a
27、 long history. 众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是个教师, 这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于_,而which引导的定语从句
28、不可放在句首。as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.4. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.5.The air qualit
29、y in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. whatII. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句Example:He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went campin
30、g yesterday.Conclusion 在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用 _ ，如先行词指物则用_引导从句。1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to
31、 Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.7. John said hed been working in the office
32、for an hour, _ was true.8. _ we all know, he is good at English.改错1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.3. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 4. I am doing
33、different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.选择1.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A.most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that2. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds.
34、A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which3. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where4.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course
35、, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which5.In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them6.We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 7. I wish to
36、thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which8.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think itD.I think which is9. Carol said the work would be done by Octo
37、ber, _personally I doubt very much.A. it B.thatC.when D. which10.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.thatB.who C. from whomD. to whom 11.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it翻译1. 我的父母亲对我要求苛刻，这使得我对此很反
38、感2. 我每天都读英语，这让我提高了成绩。3. 一些学生不尊重老师，这是一种不好的行为。4. 我们班里有60名同学，有6位来自长沙。5. 一些学生不吃早餐，这不利于身体健康。6. 我在岳阳县一中学习，那里的老师亲切而负责，学生们也很努力。2013年各省市英语高考定语从句1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where2.The book tells stories of the earthqua
39、ke through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which3. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. Who C. what D. which4.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , _ he remembers starting as
40、 early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when5. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. what B. which C. Where D. how6. He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case7
41、. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 8. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 9._ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A.
42、It B. That C. What D. As10.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where11.We have launched another man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper.A. that B. which C. who D. what12.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.A. whatB.