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1、 中考语法复习同义辨别词语辨析专题（初三复习资料保存）一. 动词篇1. say/ speak/ tell/ talk say: 说,讲着重所讲的内容. speak: 操语言、“讲，说”不能接宾语从句. tell:一般指“告知”将某事说给别人听，命令含义 talk:“谈话、讲话”， 与别人谈话。 say say a work/ it inEnglish to sb say hello /goodbye to sb. speak speak (language) Chinese/ English/ Japanese /French talk to/ with sb. talk about sth.
2、 tell sb. sth. /sb to do tell a lie/ the truth/ a storyeg.1) Can you (say, tell, speak, talk) it in French? 2) He (said, told, spoke, talked) that he was tired.2. take/ spend/ cost/ pay(1) Sb. spends some time (in) doing sth./ on sth.(2) Sth. costs sb. some money(3) Sb. pays money for sth (4) It tak
3、es/took sb some time to do stheg. 1) Ill two weeks in doing that. 2) He this pen to write a report yesterday. 3）The book is very beautiful , It _me ten yuan. 4) We _ a lot of money for the car.3. wear/ put on/ dress/ be in (1) wear, be in, have on “穿着，戴着”是可以延续的动作（表示状态） , have on无进行时。eg. She never _
4、T-shirts. Sometimes she _ red. She _ a red T-shirt now.(2) put on “穿上”是一个瞬间动词（表示动作）e.g. Put on our shoes before you go out.(3) dress表示“穿衣服“”给某人穿衣服“dress sb./ oneself给某人穿衣，穿衣服 dress in sth 穿着.e.g. 1) I saw Ann (wearing, putting on, dressing, having on) a green dress at the meeting. 2) Ma Lili is old
5、enough to (wear, put on, dress, have on) herself. 3) She (was in, put on) blue all day yesterday.4. look/ see/ watch/ readlook (at)指集中注意力，有意地用眼睛“看”，强调看的动作。 see表示“看见”，是look at的结果。句子中常出现can/ could see. 看电影see a filmwatch是细心地观察，“观察”，通常是长时间地，往往身为观众。watch TV/ game/ match read 表示看书。 read books/ magazines/
6、 stories/newspapere.g. 1) He (looked, saw, watched) in that way and found a plane. 2) We should _ (look, see, watch, read) more books.3) He looked out but _ nothing. (looked, saw, watched)5. listen/ hear (类似于look/ see的区别) listen (to)指有目的性的“听”，强调听的动作。hear指“听见”，是listen的结果。通常不用于进行时中， 句子中常出现can/ could h
7、are,能直接跟宾语。 e.g.1) He _ the teacher carefully every class.( listened to ,listened , heard)2) Jim carefully but he couldnt anything.6. look for/ find/ find outlook for 表示“寻找”的过程和动作。 find 表示找到，主要强调“寻找”的结果，一般不用进行时。find out表示“搞清楚，弄明白”的意思， 而且是经过研究、计算等获知，指找出事件的真相。 (looking for, find, find out)e.g. 1) They
8、 were their teacher everywhere. At last they him at the library. 2) Please help me to who has broken my window.7. borrow/ lend/ keep (borrow/ lend都有“借”的意思, keep是它们的延续性动词)borrow指借来，借入。常用句型是borrow sth from sblend指借出，该词可接双宾语。 常用句型是 lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.(borrow, lend, keep )e.g. 1) -Can I your
9、bike? - With pleasure. But you mustnt it to others. 2) I a book from Li Ming. He said I could it for two weeks. 8. bring/ carry/ take/ getbring是“拿来，带来“的意思。 get去把某人请来或某物带来。take 是”拿走、带走、带他人同行“，还可以表示“拿着” carry没方向性，随身携带，还有“搬、抱、肩挑”的意思。 (carry, take, bring, get )e.g. 1) Shall you some more tea?2) I will y
10、ou in my car. It will you there.3 Remember to _ your book to school next time. 4) I think trains _more people than buses.9. fall asleep/ go (get) to sleep/ go to bedgo to sleep/ get to sleep/ fall asleep“睡着”表示状态。go to bed“上床睡觉”但不知入睡了没有，表示动作。 e.g.1) She _ (fell asleep, went to bed) while she was read
11、ing in bed last night. 2) Its already ten oclock .Its time for us to _.10. have been to/ have gone to/ have been inhave been to曾经到过某地方，现在已回来 have gone to 已到某地，还未回来。若出现for+ 一段时间/since时, 不能用have been to/ have gone to ，要将它们变成 have been in (have been to , have gone to , go , have been )e.g. 1)Leo Beijin
12、g before and he there for 7 days.2) She isnt in the classroom now because she _ the library .3) Mr Black has moved to America, he _there for many years11. miss/ lose miss错失，错过 lose 失去，丢失e.g. 1) we beat them by a score of 3 to 1. They the game. 2) He arrived too late and the train. 3 ) Jim is so care
13、less that he _ his books on his way home.12. win/ beatwin 表示赢得某比赛，其宾语是 a game/ match等 win a game/ match/ racebeat表示打败某人，赢某人，其宾语是 sb. beat sb.e.g. 1) Mary ran faster than Lily. Lucy ran faster than Mary. So who the race? 2) I think the blue team will the red team in the next playbll game. 3) He the w
14、orld record in the high jumping.13. be made of /be made from/ be made in/ be made bybe made of /from都含有“由.制造”的意思，但be made of能看得出材料, 而be made from不能。be made in在（什么地方）制造。 be made by 由谁制造。(is made of/ is made from/ is made in/ is made by)e.g.1) This watch metal. It Shanghai and it the workers. 2) Can y
15、ou tell me what paper _?14. have to/ must 都有“不得不”、“必须”的意思。 have to表示根据要求、规定等外来原因强调客观上“必须”must表示说话人主观认为必须做什么或怎么样。 ( have to , must )e.g. 1)The weather was so bad that we stay at home. 2) Mother is ill, I _ look after her at home. 3) You can play games, but you _finish your homework first .15. be able
16、 to/ can/ could(1)当表示现在或过去“有做某事的能力” be able to 与 can (could)可以互用。(2)指将来的“能、会”，用 will be able to , 不可用can/ could代替。(3) can/ could表示“请求、允许”时，不可用 be able to代替.Could不表示过去,比can更客气、委婉。 e.g. 1)Hens _have chicks. 2He will _ come tomorrow if he has free time . 3) Jim has _swim since he was five years 4) _ I
17、ask you some questions? - Certainly .16. 到达get to/ reach/ arrive in+大地方/ arrive at+小地方/ arrive它们的意思都一样“到达”，只是所跟的介词不同。当后面没有地点的时候，只能用arrive。Eg. 1) Can you tell me who is the first to _? 2) They _the Beijing Train Station on a cold winter morning .17. stop doing/ stop to do stop doing 停止做某事（不做） stop to
18、 do停止去做某事（去做）e.g. 1) Its time for supper now. Lets (stop to have, stop having) it.2) Weve walked 100 miles. How about stopping (walking, to walk) to have a rest.18. forget doing/ forget to do; remember doing/ remember to doforget doing忘记做过某事（已做） ; forget to do忘记要去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事（已做） ; re
19、member to do记得要去做某事（未做）e.g. 1) The cake is still on the desk. I forgot (eating; to eat) it.2) Marys mother asked him to remember (to post, posting) the letter the next day.19. look for寻找/ look out当心/ look up向上看，查字典/ look after照顾 look at看一看/ look forward to盼望做./ look like看起来像e.g. 用以上look的短语的适当形式填空：1)
20、 They up and saw a bird in the tree.2) If you meet a new word, please it in the dictionary.3) The old man was so old that he cant himself. 4) Im to seeing you next week.5) This toy cat a really cat. 6 ) ! There is a car coming.7)The old lady her eyeglasses all day yesterday.20. put on穿上/ put down放下,
21、 写下/put away放好/ put up举起，张帖 e.g.1）The teacher always says in the class, “ your hand when you have any questions.” 2） We should our names before we hand in the papers. 3）Its raining outside. your raincoat before you go out. 4）The book after you read it. 5）Xiao Ming helped his sister a map of China on
22、 the wall of her bedroom.21. family/ house/ homefamily表示“家庭”，也可指家庭成员，与家里的房子无关。home指一个人居住的地方，有时可指出生的城市或国家（祖国）。指家时带有感情色彩。house 指“家”时，只是强调房屋，也就是“房子”而言。Eg . 1) The Blacks have moved into a new 2) There are four people in that . He left _at the age of 17. He lives in a large 3) My _ and I will have a tri
23、p to Beijing .22. sound/ voice/ noisesound泛指一般的声音。还可做动词“发音、听起来”之意，后接形容词做表语/voice嗓音，指人发出的声音，也可指动物的叫声。noise噪音，嘈杂声。e.g. 1)The of cars made a great . (sound, voice, noise) 2) Your idea _ good. 3) He has a very good _ and he can sing beautifully . 4) Dont make any _. The baby is sleeping in the next room
24、 .23. quickly/ soon/ fastquickly常指反应快或表示某事在比较短的时间内发生或完成：fast : 侧重于指人或物体具有动作快的特点：soon:不久，指现在或指定时间之后不久： (quickly, fast, soon)e.g. 1) Mike got married as as he left university.2) You will miss your train if you dont put on your clothes _.3) He ran as _as he could to win the race.4) Dont worry , they wi
25、ll come back _.24. please/ pleased/ pleasureplease.“请”或“使.高兴、取悦”，是动词。 Pleased是形容词，同happy，“高兴的”。pleasure 是名词。通常的搭配是“Its a pleasure; My pleasure.”e.g. 1) I am to meet you (please, pleased, pleasure) 2) -Thank you very much .-Its my _.25. fine/ well/ goodgood形容品质、质量好; well一般作副词，但作形容词时只解作“身体健康的”，fine形容身
26、体好的、天气好的。e.g. 1) I hope the weather will be soon. (fine, well, good).2) Do you think the chicken tastes _? -She cooked very _, I think 3) Jane swims very _ and she is a _swimmer 26 lonely / alone lonely“孤独的”，形容人的感觉，作表语和定语。alone“独自的，独自地，单独地”，强调人的状态。只能作形容词或副词，但不能作定语，修饰名词。leave sth/sb alone eg：1）He liv
27、es_,but he doesnt feel _.2) He doesnt think he is a/an _ man .3) Dont leave your sister_, she is too young .27 too/ either/also都表示“也”。 too用于肯定句放于句末。either用于否定句，放于句末。also用于肯定句放于句中。eg：1) We can read a little English,_ 2) She doesnt like dancing ,I dont ,_3) My father is a teacher , my mother is _ a te
28、acher .28 already/yet 一般与现在完成时使用。already用于肯定句。 yet用于否定句或疑问句。eg .1) I have _ had lunch 2) -Have you had lunch _? -Not _29 all / wholeall: all + 冠词/物主代词/指示代词+名词，“全部，都”。 whole: 冠词/物主代词/指示代词+whole +单数名词，表示“完整无缺”his whole family .作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Eg. 1)_ his family have gone to Shanghai . 2) Her _family was
29、having supper when I came in .30 a little / little /a few / few . a little / little 修饰不可数名词 a few /few 修饰可数名词复数a little/ a few表示“一些、一点儿”表示肯定。 few/ little 表示“几乎没有”，具有否定意思。 例题1)The teacher felt pleased that so _students failed in the exam . 2)Would you like some more coffee?-Yes，please. Just_ 3) Hurry
30、 up , there is _time left . 4) The car is so expensive that _people can pay for it . 31 other/ else other/ else都有“别的，其他的” other修饰名词，作前置定语。Other friends.else修饰疑问代词、疑问副词或否定代词，置于它们之后。What/where/something else.也可其加s构成所有格。32 much/many/a number of / a lot of (lots of)/ plenty of much修饰不可数名词 many/ a number
31、 of 修饰可数名词。 A lot of (lots of)/ plenty of 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。33 much too / too much / too many much too“太、非常”，相当于too,起副词作用，后加形容词。 too much“太多的”，相当于much,后接不可数名词。 too many “太多的”相当于many,后接可数名词复数。Eg:1)I am very busy because I have _work to do .2) The coat is _ long for me . 3) _people like to go for a w
32、alk after supper .34 so/such“这样的”， “如此” so: (1) so+adj./adv.+that+从句 (2) so many/ much + 名词 such: (1) such+ adj+ 复数名词 （2）such+ adj+ 不可数名词（3）such +a/ an + adj + 单数名词eg: 1) The book was_expensive that he couldnt buy it . 2) He has _many books that you can borrow some from him. 3) He is _ tall man that
33、 he can reach the book on the top of that shelf . 4) Look! They are _dirty desks.35 for/ since都可用于现在完成时。 for 表示时间的长短，持续多久，后接一段时间。 since表示“自从、以来”，后接具体时间，或引导一般过去时时间状语从句。Eg :1) I have taught in this school _seven years ago .(_seven years) 2) We have known each other _we were children .36 as / like as作连
34、词，跟一个句子，like作介词，“象、如同”，后接名词，动词名词或代词。 Eg: (1) I do _ the teacher says (2) He looks _ his father .37 and /or and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句、疑问句。 Eg : 1)I have no brothers_(and ,or) sisters. 2) I like fishing _swimming .38 after/ in / later after用于以过去为起点一段时间之后，用过去时。 in 用于以现在为起点的一段时间之后，用于将来时。 later放于时间状语后，没时态限制, a
35、few minutes later.Eg : 1) He will return _(after, in ,later) three days .2) Three days_(later, in ,after), he went to Beijing .39 ago/ before ago 指从现在算起若于时间以前“在、之前”，一段时间+ ago。用于一般过去时。before指过去某一点时间之前所发生的事（常用于完成时）eg: 1）I have talked to him about it _(ago, before) 2) He was here a few minutes_(ago, be
36、fore)40 on /above/ over 都可表示“在、上面” on强调与物体表面在接触 above“在、的上方”，不一定正上方，也可以表示高于某一个度数。反义词：below , above 30 C 高于30摄氏度 . over“在、的正上方”反义词：under,也可以表示数量上的“超过，多于”。 Eg 1)There is a bridge _ the river . (2) There are _ 200 people in the hall . 3) There is a light _ my head . 4) I like the book _ the desk.41 in/
37、 into in“在、里”表示静态，与系动词连用。into“到、里”表示动态，与行为动词连用。 Eg: 1)He is _(in, into)the room 2 .He is coming_(in, into)the room .42 sometimes/ sometime/ some times / some time sometimes “有时”，表频率。相当于at times sometime“总有一天，指将来的某一天，某个时候” some times “几次” some time “一段时间”eg 1. _I think people will be able to live on
38、the moon _. 2) They have even been to China _.43 join / join in / take part in join 表示参加某组织或某伙人之中，成为一个成员。join in 和take part in 都有参加某活动的意思. Join sb in 表示加入某一伙一起作某事的意思。 Eg . 1) We will have a picnic next week , would you like to _us ? 2) All the students and teachers _the school sports meeting . 3) My
39、 brother _the army two years ago .44 in the end / at last“最后，终于, by the end of“到尾为止”仅表示时间，用这词组的句子常用完成时态, at the end of“在的末尾”可以表示时间或地点。Eg 1) _, we won the football match . 2) How many words had you learnt _last term ? 3) You can find the museum _the street .45 between/ among between两者之间 among三者或以上之间 Eg.1 )There is a football_China and England 2) He talks least_ his friends, but does most .8