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1、外文文献翻译 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处： H Shizu. How Air Conditionersenergy Conservation Technology Research J. Electronic Test, 2013,1(5):31-41.英文原文 How Air Conditionersenergy Conservation Technology ResearchH Shizu1 IntroductionEnergy saving can be said to be the starting point and destination of building auto
2、mation systems. It is well known that the energy consumed by an HV AC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system in an intelligent building accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumed by the building, which is roughly around 50% to 60%. In particular, freezer weaving, cooli
3、ng towers, circulating water pumps and air-conditioning units, and new air units are all large energy consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective energy-saving method for air-conditioning systems, in particular to improve the automation of existing building air-conditioning systems
4、.DDC (Dircct digital control) direct digital control is a control device that is easy to construct and operate easily. It can be controlled by the interface to set up various load changes, such as air conditioning cold water circulation system, air conditioning box automatic variable air volume adju
5、stment and cooling towers. The frequency conversion control of the cooling fan can make the air-conditioning system operate more efficiently. This not only brings great economic benefits to the property management, but also enables the system to operate under better conditions to extend the service
6、life of the equipment. And to achieve a comfortable air-conditioned environment and energy-saving purposes.Common air-conditioning systems in general buildings include CA V, V A V, VWV, etc. Each of them has different control methods and can all be controlled by DDC.(1) Constant Air Volume System (C
7、AV)Constant Air Volume (CAV) Constant Air Volume (CA V) The constant air volume system blows out a certain amount of air for the air conditioner to provide the cold (warm) air required in the air conditioning area. When the load in the air-conditioning area changes, the air-conditioning temperature
8、is changed to cope with the indoor load, and the requirement to maintain the indoor temperature in the comfort zone is achieved. Commonly used central air conditioning systems are AHU (air conditioner) and cold water pipe system (FCU system). Both of these are generally supplied with constant air vo
9、lume (CAV) to supply the air conditioning zone. In order to cope with changes in the indoor partial load, the constant air volume system of the AHU is processed by the variable temperature air supply of the air conditioner. In the general FCU system, the cold water valve is ON/OFF. Control to adjust
10、 the supply air temperature.(2) VAV system (VA V)The variable air volume system (Varlable Air Volume, V A V for short) means that the air conditioner (AHU or FCU) can adjust the air volume. The commonly used central air-conditioning systems are the AHU (air conditioner) and the cold water pipe syste
11、m FCL system. Both of these are generally supplied with constant air volume (CAV) to supply the air conditioning zone. In order to cope with changes in the indoor partial load, the constant air volume system of the AHU is treated with a variable temperature air supply of the air conditioner. In the
12、general FCU system, the cold water valve is ON/OFF. Control to adjust the supply air temperature. However, both waste a lot of energy on the air supply system. Because the air blowers also run at full air volume and consume power during long periods of low load, this not only makes it difficult to m
13、aintain a stable indoor temperature and humidity condition, but also wastes a lot of air supply energy. The variable air volume system is an energy-saving measure against the power consumption disadvantage of the air supply system.(3) Variable Flow System (VWV)The so-called Variable Water Volume (VW
14、V) is to supply air conditioners with a certain water temperature to increase the efficiency of heat source machines, and special water pumps are used to change the amount of water delivered, thereby conserving the power saving effect of pumps. The energy-saving efficiency of the variable water syst
15、em for the pump system depends on the control method of the water pump and the proportion of VWV usage. Generally, the control method of the VWV is the control mode of the variable speed (SP) and two-way valve. The above three types of air conditioning systems are the most commonly designed systems
16、for building air conditioning. Central air conditioning control is to control the fluid by providing a centralized set of piping, fittings, valves or valves. Therefore, an effective combination of central air-conditioning control can effectively control energy consumption and design an energy-saving
17、 air-conditioning system. In recent years, the air-conditioning energy consumption in most areas of China, especially in the southeastern coastal areas, has been rising sharply. The trend of surge in air-conditioning power consumption has caused tight supply of power in the power grid. According to
18、statistics, in recent hot seasons, air-conditioning power consumption has accounted for one-third of the total electricity consumption in the society, and a large amount of electric energy has been swallowed up by industrial and civil air-conditioning, especially large-scale construction central air
19、-conditioning systems, such as various types of commercial buildings (offices, shopping malls) The central air-conditioning of hospitals, hospitals, restaurants, etc., is characterized by its large space, high flow of people, long operating hours, and complicated management, which results in a very
20、high energy consumption of the operation. The air-conditioning energy consumption of commercial buildings accounts for almost 50 of its total energy consumption. %. The design capacity of central air-conditioning is calculated based on the maximum load, while most buildings have only a maximum load
21、of central air-conditioning for only tens of days in a year. Central air-conditioning cooling load is always in a dynamic change, such as every morning and evening, alternate seasons, annual cycle, environmental and human conditions, affecting the central air-conditioning cooling load in real time.
22、This has brought severe problems to the central air-conditioning energy-saving control, and has also given the majority of energy-saving control workers a great opportunity to display their talents.The increase in the electrical load gap has made it difficult to ease the power supply shortage in rec
23、ent years. Therefore, energy conservation, especially power saving, not only has significant social significance but also has urgent and practical significance. The active research and development of new green air-conditioning technology and equipment to curb the increase in air-conditioning energy
24、consumption has become an urgent and hot research topic in the HVAC sector. Rely on technological innovation, institutional innovation, energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve energy use efficiency, and ensure that on the basis of “low energy consumption and minimal environmental poll
25、ution,” realize the energy development strategy of “priority in energy conservation, multiple structures, and environmental friendliness”.In our telecommunication production, the energy-saving management of air-conditioning is relatively weak, and energy waste is more serious. Therefore, strengtheni
26、ng air-conditioning maintenance and technological transformation can achieve energy-saving goals. From the perspective of the air-conditioning pressure map, only in the best operating conditions and conditions, can play the largest cooling capacity of air-conditioning to achieve the purpose of energ
27、y-saving air-conditioning. Air-conditioning energy conservation, our maintenance department should consider from the perspective of operating costs, maintenance and maintenance.2. Overview of research on air-conditioning energy-saving systems(1) Saving energy through load control(a) Fresh air load a
28、ccounts for 25%-40% of total cooling load in hot season. Reduce fresh air load, reduce fresh air energy consumption, and select the minimum necessary fresh air volume to achieve the goal. However, on the one hand, the minimum supply of fresh air has standards in the country. In addition, lack of fre
29、sh air will affect air quality and endanger human health.(b) Optimize the energy-saving design of the external protective structure of the building, use thermal insulation material technology, reduce the air-conditioning load, and achieve building energy-saving, but at the same time, the constructio
30、n cost increases, and the promotion is subject to certain restrictions.(2) Energy storage air conditionerBy using ice storage to avoid the peak electricity consumption of Baida, the air-conditioner chilled water is refrigerated and stored at night, and the air-conditioning host does not operate duri
31、ng the day. It only uses the water system to circulate. This method does not save energy and electricity, but optimizes the power supply of the power grid. It plays a role of “saving money without energy saving” in areas where the time-of-use price is already implemented, and is of regional signific
32、ance.(3) Water source heat pumpCompared with air and soil, water is the most ideal source of cooling and heating for air-conditioning applications. Therefore, water-source heat pumps have many advantages such as environmental protection, high efficiency, and energy conservation. However, water-sourc
33、e heat pump technology research in China is not very mature, and it is in contrast with some developed countries. There is still a certain gap between them. At the same time, although the water source heat pump has many advantages, the restrictions on geology, environment, and policies are relativel
34、y large, which makes the use of water source heat pumps more limited in China.(4) Energy-saving transformation of individual energy-consuming equipment in central air-conditioning systems(a) Fans and pumps General-purpose inverters are speed-adjusting and energy-saving, which is currently used in ma
35、ny technologies. This method is simple and practical, and has obvious power-saving effect. However, pumps, fans and other products are part of the systems auxiliary machine, which accounts for about 40% of the energy consumption of the entire system. Therefore, the excavation space is limited.(b) Re
36、frigeration unit The power consumption of the refrigeration unit occupies a large share in the air-conditioning system. Saving energy in this part is the key to the economic operation of the entire air-conditioning system. At present, the reduction of indoor temperature standards and the improvement
37、 of the initial mixing of cold water are generally used to achieve the energy saving of the refrigeration host. The disadvantages of the above methods are that only the local energy saving is considered, and the overall system is not considered.The dynamic load tracking energy-saving control system
38、is based on the entire central air-conditioning system. According to the constantly changing conditions of the load in the air-conditioning zone, the changes in the operating parameters of the host and the circulatory system are changed, and the changes in the load are synchronized so as to meet the
39、 load requirements. Under the premise of quantifying the supply of cold in a timely manner, that is, on-demand supply basically achieves the goal of not lagging behind, not giving more, and giving more. This method not only achieves the maximum energy saving of the auxiliary machine compared to the
40、constant flow pumps and fans, but also optimizes the host operating conditions, which can achieve 15%-35% energy saving of the entire system.3, dynamic load tracking energy-saving control programThe traditional central air-conditioning system adjustment scheme is: constant flow mode or constant flow
41、 on the cold source side but the load side variable flow mode, the system load is designed according to the maximum load, the worst weather conditions and the worst use of the working environment In the actual operation, more than 50% of the time, the system required load is below 50%, and there is
42、a huge energy waste. And when the load Q is changing, the traditional system operating parameters cannot be adjusted at the same time. The lag adjusting means is almost no other control means besides being loaded and unloaded by the host.This research project will abandon the previous control plan,
43、based on the model identification, follow-up control system theory, and intelligent control system theory, combined with the central air conditioning host refrigeration technology and refrigerant circulation system control, using frequency conversion technology as an auxiliary means to achieve the c
44、entral The overall coordinated operation and overall performance optimization of the air-conditioning system. This study is a new concept for air-conditioning energy saving and represents a new trend in energy-saving technologies.(1) Energy saving of the circulatory system: From the system point of
45、view, through changes in the end load parameters, central air conditioning mainframe, and auxiliary engine operating conditions, various temperature, pressure, and other change parameters are collected, and then the system is frozen by load following calculations. The flow of water, the flow of cool
46、ing water and the air flow of the cooling tower fans are adapted to the changes in the air-conditioning load, and at the same time the operating conditions of the main engine are always at the optimum operating point. Optimal output energy control for chilled water systems. When the ambient temperat
47、ure and the end load of the air conditioner are changed, the temperature, miscellaneous pressure, differential pressure and flow rate of the return and return water of the chilled water will also change. The flow meter, differential pressure sensor and temperature sensor will send the detected param
48、eters to the intelligence. The controller and the controller calculate the required cooling capacity of the terminal air conditioning load in real time according to the collected real-time data and the systems historical operation data, and the optimal values of the depth, temperature difference, pr
49、essure difference, and flow of the chilled water supply and return water. , Wells to adjust the output frequency of each inverter, control the speed of the frozen water pump, change its flow so that the temperature of the return water of the chilled water system, warm ax, pressure difference and flow rate run in the controller given the optimal value. Since the chilled water system adopts dynamic control of output energy and realizes the demand supply of air-conditioning host refrigerant flow following the end load, th