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1、我国海洋渔业资源（Marine fishery resources in China）I. marine fishery resources in China(a) general situationThere are nearly 2000 species of marine fishes in China, among which more than 300 are important economic fishes.60 - 70 is the most common and important economic fish with higher yield.As far as the
2、sea area is concerned, there are more than 1000 species of fish in the South China Sea, of which there are 100 to 200 kinds of fishing value. There are more than 700 species of fish in the East China Sea, but the yield is higher than that in the South China Sea, and there are nearly one hundred of t
3、he major economic fishes. There are more than 250 species of fish in the two sea areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai, and there are about 40 major fish species.Marine fishes in China have the following characteristics:(1) there are many kinds of fish. The Chinese sea ranges from tropical to subtropica
4、l to temperate and spans nearly 40 latitudes. Fish living in the China Sea are warm, warm, warm and warm water, and cold water fishes are found in northern the Yellow Sea. Many fish in the South China Sea are similar to those of India ocean fishes. Therefore, Chinas marine fish species are among the
5、 best in the world.(2) high yield fish species are few. The differences of meteorological elements in Chinese sea water are large and seasonal changes are great. Therefore, they can adapt to a variety of fish life, but there is no large single fish population. Except a few species in the annual outp
6、ut of 300 thousand tons or more, most of the species in the annual output of about 50 thousand tons.(3) rapid growth, early maturity and complex feeding habits. As Chinas offshore food is rich and extensive, it has eased the competition between fish, which is conducive to the growth and development
7、of fish. The age of the first sexual maturity of fish is generally 2 - 3 years old, and the fecundity is relatively high. The rich food foundation also make fish feeding than pure fish feeding in high latitudes is much more complicated. Some fish feed on plankton as well as benthos. The relationship
8、 between fish species is complex.(4) the spawning season is staggered and the spawning ground is wide. Different species spawn at different times. Fish spawn all year round. Such as the small yellow croaker in the East China Sea, spawning in 3 - April, large yellow croaker spawning in 4 - June, and
9、hairtail spawning in 5 - July. Spawning grounds are widely distributed in rivers, estuaries, coastal shallows and offshore waters.(5) the distribution is relatively concentrated. China sea fish is lower in neritic species, mostly inhabit the 100 m isobath within the area, the continental shelf limit
10、s, a smaller range of horizontal migration. Such as large yellow croaker habitat, water depth is generally not more than 60 meters, small yellow croaker in the depth of 100 meters in the sea area is rare. Some warm water fishes live in the 100 - 200 meter deep sea. All fish gathered in shallow conti
11、nental shelf waters, more concentrated distribution of fish.(two) the main economic fishery resources;(1) demersal fish stocks: demersal fishes are fishes that live near the ocean floor and near the bottom of the sea. Chinas main economic fish close to the bottom layer of large yellow croaker, hairt
12、ail, small yellow croaker, filefish, sea bream, sea catfish, perch, COD, Saurida, pomfret, Priacanthidae, red snapper, two long spines cichlids, gold fish, eel, surmullet etc.Large yellow croaker, hairtail, pomfret, sea bream, Navodon belongs to warm temperate migratory fish, often living in several
13、 areas; small yellow croaker is warm water of migratory fish; COD is cold water demersal fish typical, mainly in northern and central the Yellow Sea; sea catfish, Priacanthidae, red snapper, and two long spines cichlids surmullet are warm water bottom fish, no obvious long distance migratory habits,
14、 living mainly in the South China Sea; sea bass is the main living in coastal Bohai, the Yellow Sea, not long distance migratory fish; Saurida distribution in the East China Sea and South China Sea, the South China Sea to yield is high; gold line fish is deep water of low temperature and high salt f
15、ish living in the South China sea.(2) pelagic fish resources: pelagic fishes are fishes that live in the middle and middle levels of the sea. Chinas offshore pelagic fish species mainly include mackerel, herring, chub mackerel and round SCAD, sardines, black pomfret, yellowfin tuna, tuna and other s
16、ide.Mackerel, sardines, chub mackerel Decapterus maruadsi, are migratory, black pomfret fish in the upper layer, a wide range of activities; herring is the typical cold water fish, commonly known as herring, only distributed in latitude 35 degrees north of the the Yellow Sea sea; vice tuna and yello
17、wfin tuna are oceanodromous fishes, mainly in the South China Sea and the East China sea.(3) crab resources: China Sea crab resources, the highest yield is shrimp, shrimp, white shrimp, white shrimp, shrimp, lobster and crab and crab etc. three.Shrimp is a special product of Chinas coastal waters, b
18、ig body, about 13 - 24 centimeters long. Wintering in the Yellow Hainan in winter every year, early spring flocks, northward for reproductive migration. Bohai is a major fishing shrimp, autumn is the main fishing season. Curvirostris less than shrimp, about 6 - 10 cm, widely distributed in the coast
19、al areas of China, the largest production in north the Yellow Sea. The white shrimp is about 5 - 9 centimeters long, and is distributed along the coast, with more Bohai and the Yellow Sea. Brown shrimp live mainly in the Yellow Sea, the body length is less than white shrimp, about 3.5 - 5.5 centimet
20、ers, a large number, as an important fishing object. Lobster is the largest individual economic shrimp,The body length is more than 30 centimeters, the heaviest may amount to 5 kilograms. Only in the South China Sea and the East China sea. One of the largest Chinese lobsters produced in Guangdong an
21、d Fujian. Three crab crab eating crab is also known as the gun, Chinas largest production, coastal areas distribution, but in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and East China Sea more. Crab is the best quality edible crab, coastal nutrient rich, also can be used as medicine, rich in Zhejiang, Fujian and
22、 Taiwan, Guangdong province.Two, our fishing groundsMost of the high productivity waters in the ocean are good places for fish to breed and live. The amount of nutrient salts is one of the important factors that determine the primary productivity of water area.Chinas offshore continental shelf (incl
23、uding islands) area of 4 billion 140 million mu. The offshore current system is complex, the islands and reefs are widely distributed, and some of them are upwelling. Therefore, the potential of aquatic resources is very large. Only the continental shelf fishing area is 1 million 500 thousand square
24、 kilometers, or about 2 billion 200 million acres, 1/4 of the worlds shallow sea fishing grounds, ranking first in the world. It is estimated that offshore fish productivity in China is approximately 15 million tons per year.There are generally 10 main fishing grounds along the coast of china.(1) Sh
25、idao fishing ground: located in the middle of Shidao sea in the southeast of Shandong, the Yellow Sea. The fishing ground is located in North and south the Yellow Sea hub, is a variety of economic fish migration must pass through, but also the Yellow Sea shrimp, small yellow croaker of overwintering
26、 and COD spawning only, rich fishery resources, is one of the main fishing grounds in northern China. The fishing ground can be operated year round, and the main fishing period is from October to June of next year.The main fishing targets: the Yellow Sea herring (Herring), shrimp, squid, fresh floun
27、der, mackerel, herring, chub mackerel, small yellow croaker, hairtail, yellow croaker and COD etc.(2): Hainan Department of Fisheries in the yellow sand, roughly 32 degrees north latitude, 34 degrees east longitude 122 degrees 30 - 125 degrees. Located in the Yellow Sea current, Subei Coastal Curren
28、t, the Changjiang River confluence of the sea, plankton is lush, various economic fish shrimp overwintering and feeding places, as one of the excellent fishery in the Yellow Sea. Every spring (May), mackerel, herring, chub mackerel and other pelagic fish, from south to North for spawning migration w
29、ay through the sea, the formation of sand fishing in spring. Summer and autumn (7 - October), fish bait in farms with wide distribution, high density, long residence time; other economic fishes such as yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, herring, eel and Pomfret, also in the formation of a fishing
30、 bait. In winter, the small yellow croaker and some other economic fishes are still wintering here.(3) four: Lu fisheries is located in the southwest of the Yellow Sea, East, west coastal fisheries. Because it is close to the mainland, large and small rivers bring nutrients rich; the mixed zone and
31、located in the coastal low saline and open saline water system, to ground water shallow, complex terrain, and for large and small yellow croaker eggs and larvae to bait, provide good conditions for growth, the largest in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea large and small yellow croaker spawning.At th
32、e Lv Siyu site, the Yellow River Estuary has frequent sediment movement, and the position and shape of the beach in the fishing ground are changing frequently. It is a famous fishing ground in china.(4) Zhoushan Fisheries: Zhoushan is located in the east of the archipelago, roughly 28 degrees north
33、latitude, 31 degrees east longitude 125 degrees west of the range, near the sea, the Yangtze River Qiantang River. The cold, warm, salty and light water systems converge here. The water quality is rich, the bait is rich, and the fish stocks are very dense. They are the largest fishing grounds in Chi
34、nas coastal waters and one of the few largest fishing grounds in the world.Zhoushan has rich fishing fish, octopus, chub mackerel, trevally, small yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea, snapper, crab, jellyfish, sharks, Moray etc. Fishing fishing in all seasons, summer and autumn winter season with m
35、ackerel and SCAD, formed the largest offshore fishing fish.(5) Mindong Fishing Ground: located at 25 degrees north latitude and 27 degrees 10 minutes east longitude 125 degrees west, the east part of the sea of Hainan. A river, Fujian fishing grounds seven nobile Creek, Chian River, Huai River, whit
36、e river, huotongxi River, North River, Minjiang Aojiang River and many branch of the Taiwan warm current injection, confluence of Zhejiang Fujian coastal water with high temperature and high salt and low salt, nutrient rich food, biological reproduction, become a good place to a variety of economic
37、fish spawning, feeding and wintering. Here throughout the fishing season, fishery output accounted for most of the total marine fishery yield in Fujian province.Spring has large yellow croaker, hairtail, small yellow croaker, herring, mackerel, squid, pomfret, basking shark, eel, chub mackerel, blue
38、 SCAD, small fish, shrimp, crab etc. The summer flood is mainly anchovy eel, herring, pomfret, fish, small fish, shrimp, jellyfish and other public. Autumn fishing in large yellow croaker, abalone, crab, shrimp, herring, jellyfish etc. Fishing fishing in large yellow croaker, octopus, squid, blue SC
39、AD, chub mackerel sharks, shrimp, crab, Pleurospermum and Auxis etc.(6) in Minnan Taiwan shoal fishing ground is located in the southern part of the Taiwan Strait, north of Penang Island near the north, South to the south of Taiwan shoal, with complicated natural conditions,Under high temperature an
40、d high salinity and the South China Sea Branch of the Kuroshio Water, mixed effects and the low salt Zhejiang Fujian coastal water and high temperature and low salinity of the eastern coastal water four river, and the rivers in Taiwan and southern Taiwan into shoal upwelling, constitute the fishery
41、productive natural conditions richly endowed by nature. Abundant fishery resources and large fish species are one of the most important pelagic fish fisheries in china. Pelagic fish tuna, Thunnus tonggol, Auxis, decapterusmaruadsi, sardines, herrings, and single grain Citun cashmere silvery pomfret,
42、 and demersal fish snapper, Saurida, hairtail, Joes Taiwan Blair etc. are all very rich. The fishing ground has high comprehensive output and can be operated all the year round.(7) the fishing ground at the Pearl River estuary is located at latitude 21, 08, 22, 00, longitude, 112, 50, 114, 20, and i
43、s one of the important fishing grounds of the South China sea. Fishing in the fishing ground of numerous islands, located in the intersection area of sea and the Pearl River, bring a lot of nutrients, so many plankton growth, become dense center of biological activity, a superior fishing ground envi
44、ronment. In April December, the main Seine fishing season next year, from 2 to March, Wang xun. Rich blue SCAD, small golden sardine, chub mackerel, sprat etc.(8) the northern Beibu Gulf fishery: 20 degrees north latitude 21 degrees 20 - 30, 30 - 109 degrees east longitude 106 degrees 50 minutes, th
45、e north coast of Guangxi, east of the Leizhou Peninsula, bordering Vietnam, South Central and southern waters of Beibu gulf. There are more islands in the fishing ground. The rivers such as the Kyushu River, the South Stream, the Qin River, the Beilun River and the red river flow from the mainland i
46、nto the Beibu Gulf. They breed and grow a large number of plankton, forming a good habitat for many economic fishes. The shallow Seine fishing period from November - May, 1 - February for Wang Xun, the main catches a fish, decapterusmaruadsi and sardines etc. Trawl fishing period from September - Ma
47、y next year, the main catches have long fin silver perch, Saurida, red snapper, spotted grunt, trevally and eel, in addition, from 4 to June as the shark fishing industry fishing season each year.(9) Paracel Islands fishing ground: the climate of Xisha sea is hot, and the temperature is high all yea
48、r round. It provides a good condition for the coral growth. The coral clumps also provide rich food base and excellent habitat for fish growth and reproduction. Most of Paracel Islands around the huge reef, shallow and clear, there is a shallow reef fish growth environment; and a sudden increase in
49、lateral depth of reefs, belonging to the deep water environment, suitable for ocean fish life. Therefore, many fish species here, which belongs to the reef fish fauna, with Muraenidae Lutjanidae and berycidae and serranoid; belongs to the oceanic fish fauna of Scombridae, Istiophoridae, Exocoetidae etc. The yield was higher in Wahoo, tuna and tuna etc.Paracel Islands fishing ground is a typical tropical marine climate. Fish