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1、职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B 级资料仅供参考职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类 (B 级 )第 1 部分：词汇选项( 第 1 15 题，每题1 分，共 15 分 )下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?A phoneB visitC consultD invite2We had along conversation about herparentsA speechB questionC debateD taIk3The ch
2、airman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC suggested D demanded4Obviouslythese people can be relied on in a crisis.A depended onB lived onC believed inD joined in5There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athletebreaks a recordA maintainsB beatsC matchesD tries6All th
3、e pupils seem to be very cheerful.A healthyB happyC naughtyD busy7The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floorA displayedB laidC keptD stored8She stood there，shaking with fury.A miseryB laughterC cryD anger9Mary evidently is the most diligent student among USA intelligentB beautifulC
4、hardworkingD talkative10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless资料仅供参考AForcefulB ReasonableCFjmlD Continuous11Why can t you stop your eternal complaining?A longB everlastingC temporary D boring12Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the eadhquakeA danlagedB shakenc fallenD jumped13Thes
5、e paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithfulB royalC sincereD genuine14Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematicsA simpicityB attractionC powerD rigor15Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzleA mistB fogC secretD mystery第 2 部分：阅读判断( 第 16 22 题，每
6、题 1 分，共 7 分 )下面的短文后列出了7 个句于，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A ：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B ：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C 。Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a techniquecalledradiocarbon( 放射性碳 )， or carbon-14 ； dating One key to understanding how and why something
7、 happened is to discover when it happened Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940sby physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago An atom of ordinary carbon， calledcarbon-12，has six protons (质子 ) and six neutrons (中子 ) in its nucleus. Carbon-14，or C-14is aradioaclive unstable fo
8、rm of carbon that has two extra neutrons(原子核) it returns to a more stablefrom of carbon through a process called decay( neutrons and energy from the nucleus衰减 )This process involves the loss of the extra资料仅供参考In Libby s radiocarbon dating technique，the weak radioactive emissions(放射 ) from this decay
9、process ere counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter the decay rate isused to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon-14is produced in the Earth s atmosphere when nitrogen( 氮 )-14,or N-14, interacts withcosmic rays(宇宙射线 ). Scientists believe sin
10、ce the Earth was formed the amount of nitrogen inthe atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this radio is useful for dating items back to
11、at least 50.000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子 )that contain carbon atoms coming from theatmosphere . So aIl living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atomsin their tissues( 组织 ). Once an organism(有机体 )dies it stops taking in carbon in any form，an
12、d theC-14 already present begins to decay Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases，and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radio carbon dating，the fewerC-14 atoms in a sample the older that sample is16Nowadays many scientists depend 013 radiocarbon for dating
13、 age-old objectsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years oldA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutronsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbonA RightB W
14、rongc Not mentioned20Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50 000 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it diesA Right日 WrongC Not mentioned22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25000 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子( 第
15、23 30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分 )Chimpanzees资料仅供参考1 Chimpanzees(黑猩猩 )will soon be extinct(灭绝 ). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues，then within 20 years，there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild Butthis is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧 )Chimpanzee extinc
16、tion may also haveprofound implications(含意 )for the survival of their distant relativeshuman beings2 ln l975 the biologist Made-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human andchimpanzee genomes(基因组 ) match by over 98 Compare this to the mouseused as model forhuman disease in lab tests，whi
17、ch shares only 60 of its DNA with us in fact chimpanzees are farmore similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey As well as resembling usgenetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use toots These facts alone should beenough to make protection of chimps an urgent priorit
18、y(优先 ). But there is another， more selfishreason to preserve the chimp3 The chimpanzees trump card (王牌 ) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are sosimilar to humans that vetednarians(兽医 )often refer to human medical textbooks when treatingthem. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in
19、several key areas. In particular, chimps are muchmore resistant to a number of major diseases It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example ， chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the viresthat causes AIDS. Indeed， their use as experimental animals in AIDS resear
20、ch has declinedbecause they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing( 找到 ) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of thegenetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases.
21、This ， they hope allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases.，willSuch treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shownthat such an ef
22、fort is now well within our reach.改变 ) of the23 Paragraphl _24 Paragraph2_25 Paragraph3_26 Paragraph4_A Genetic differences between chimps and humansB Reasons for HIV resistanceC Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humansD Effective AIDS treatment资料仅供参考E Genetic similarities between chimps and
23、 humansFChimps resistance to HIV27Chimpanzee extinction may affect_28There is a difference of less than 2 between the chimp and _29Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps fromgetting _30The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to _A healthier lif
24、estyleB some human disease treatmentsC some diseasesD human survivalE human genomesF key areas第 4 部分：阅读理解( 第 31 45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项第一篇 WaterThe secondmostimportantconstituent(构成成份 )ofthe biosphere(生物圈 )isliquid water This canonlyexistin a very narrow range oft
25、emperatures，sincewaterfreezes at 100C and boils at 100C Lifeas we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperaturessomewhere within this narrow range.The earth s supply ofwater probably remains fairly constant in quantityThe totalquantity ofwater is not known very accu
26、rately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to adepth of about two and three-quarter kilometers Most ofit is in the form of the salt water of theoceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh But three-quarters of this is in the fom of ice at thePoles and on mountains and cannot be u
27、sed by living systems until melted. Of the remainingfraction， which is somewhat less than one percent of the wholethere is 10 20 times as muchstored underground water as there is actually on the surface There is also a tiny,but extremelyimportant fraction of the water supply which is present as wate
28、r vapour in the atmosphereWater vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环)ofthe biosphere has to pass Water evaporated(蒸发 )from the surface of the oceans，from lakesand rivers and from moist(潮湿的 )earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or