《形容词和副词的用法.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《形容词和副词的用法.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、形容词、副词复习【复习目标】明确形容词和副词的用法及其相互转换形式。掌握常用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法。掌握少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化。掌握形容词和副词的比较等级用法。一、形容词的定义及句法功能 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。1.用作定语，修饰名词或代词。（1）形容词修饰名词时，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前；如有若干形容词同时修饰一个名词时，它们的排列顺序较为固定，通常为：描绘形容词特征形容词-（包括大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄等）-颜色形容词。例如：She has beautiful long curly
2、 blond hair.她长着漂亮的金黄色长卷发。 Mary gave me a useful big brown wooden box.玛丽给我一个实用的大的褐色木盒子。注意：A. enough修饰名词时，既可以放在名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。但多放在名词前。例如：Dont worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there.别着急，我们有足够的时间赶到那儿。B.由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。例如：an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩(2)形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复
3、合不定代词时，需后置。例如：Will you please tell us something interesting?你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗？Theres nothing special in the box.盒子里没有什么特别的东西。Anyone intelligent can do it.任何有智力的人都能做这件事。2.用作表语，位于系动词之后。 初中阶段常用的系动词有：be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, seem, keep, grow例：The park is very beautiful.这座公园很美。
4、The soup smells delicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。That sounds good.那听上去不错。3.用作宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后面。例如：Keep the classroom clean and tidy, please. 请保持教室干净整洁。Kate found her work very boring. 凯特发现她的工作很枯燥。We should try our best to make our environment more beautiful.我们应该尽力使我们的环境更美。注意：常见的只作表语的形容词有：well, ill, sorry, gald, ready;
5、以及以a-起首的：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake等。常见的只作定语的形容词有：digital, woolen, indoor, outdoor;以及表示方位的：east, eastern,north,northern,south,southern,west,western等。另外，有些形容词和定冠词the连用，叫做名词化的形容词，常用来：（1）泛指一类人，表示复数概念，作主语时要求谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有：rich/poor;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white(表示人种)等。The
6、 old are taken good care of in our country.在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。The white are beautiful. 白种人很漂亮。（2）指抽象事物，作主语时要求谓语动词用单数形式。The beautiful never dies. 美是不朽的。二、副词的定义及句法功能 副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。1.副词在句中的作用。（1）用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。例：Its very cold in winter here. 这里冬天很冷。（2）用作表语，置于系动词后。多数与介词同形的副词
7、以及一些表示位置的副词都可以用作表语。例：Im afraid I must be off now. 恐怕我现在得走了。When will they be back? 他们什么时候回来？（3）用作宾语补足语。例：I saw you out with your wife last Sunday. 上周日我看见你和你妻子一起出去了。Please have them in. 请让他们进来。（4）用作定语，置于所修饰的名词之后。例：The people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很好。We hope you will enjoy your stay here. 我们希望你
8、们在这里过的愉快。2.副词作状语时在句子中的位置。（1）修饰动词，多置于动词之后，如有宾语，则置于宾语之后。 例：Please read carefully. 请仔细地阅读。 Please read the instructions carefully. 请认真阅读说明。（2）频率副词often,always, never, seldom等通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、系动词、be动词、助动词之后。 例：Jenny often comes to school early,but her classmate Jim is often late. 詹尼经常很早到校，但是她的同学吉姆经常迟到。 I
9、 shall always remember their kindness. 我永远记住他们的善良。 You must never play football in the street. 你绝不可以在街上踢足球。注意：方式副词well, badly, hard等只能放在句尾。例：He speaks English well. 他英语讲得很好。（3）修饰形容词、副词，置于被修饰词之前。 例：The box is too heavy. 这个箱子太重。 Tom owns a very nice house. 汤姆有一座很漂亮的房子。 注意：enough修饰形容词、副词时，要置于被修饰词之后。 例：
10、The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩到了上学的年纪了。 He ran fast enough to catch the train.他跑的足够快，赶上了火车。（4）修饰全句，置于句首。 例：Luckily it was not so hot. 幸好天气不是太热。 Maybe they can help us. 或许他们可以帮助我们。三形容词与副词的相互转变：形容词是用来修饰名词，副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，它们在具体应用中可以互相转化，规律如下：a. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly，构成副词。如： usual-usually, bad-ba
11、dly等。注：不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词，某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。b. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-ly，如：heavy-heavily, happy-happily等，并且要注意这些单词的变化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。四. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成绝大多数形容词有三种形式，原级，比较级和最高级。用以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级：形容词的原级形式就是词典中出
12、现的形容词的原形。 如: poor、 tall、 great、 glad、 bad 等。形容词的比较级和最高级：形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。 规则变化如下: 1、单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 如：great (原级)- greater (比较级)- greatest (最高级) 2、以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 如：wide (原级) -wider (比较级)- widest (最高级) 3、少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble
13、结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。如：clever(原级) - cleverer (比较级)- cleverest (最高级) 4、以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. 如：happy (原级) - happier (比较级)- happiest (最高级) 5、以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 如：big (原级) - bigger (比较级) - biggest (最高级) 6、某些双音节和多音节
14、形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。如：careful (原级) - more careful (比较级)- most careful (比较级) beautiful (原级) - more beautiful (比较级)- most beautiful (比较级) difficult (原级)-more difficult (最高级)- mostdifficult (最高级) 注：形容词前若加上less 和 least 则表示“较不”和“最不” 。如：important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要
15、 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级：原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestwell (健康的，身体好的)manymoremostmuchbadworseworstilllittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest形容词、副词比较级的重难点一、 as + adj. / adv. + as 或not so (as ) + adj. / adv. + as句型。该句型常用来描述两个比较对象在程度上的相似或不同之处（即平时说的等级比较和不等级比较）。如： The building is as high as that tower. 这座
16、大楼和那座塔一样高。 My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. 我的电脑不如你的贵重。 二、 as many / few + 可数名词复数 + as或 as much / little + 不可数名词 + as 结构。前者描述数目上的接近；后者描述量的相近。 如： You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。 Drink as much water as you can, the doctor said to him. 医生对他说：你要尽可能地多喝些水。 三、 主语 + 比较级 + th
17、an any other +可数名词单数或主语 + 比较级 + than the other 可数名词复数的结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其它（任何一个）都.。用比较级形式表示最高级含义。如： Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。四、诸如 not , never 之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高级含义。意为再没有比.更.。如： It is no
18、t a better idea. 这是一个再好不过的办法。 I have never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。 五、 no + 比较级 + than .结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定（可以用neither . nor . 结构来改写）。如： This computer is no better than yours. 这台电脑并不比你的好。（相当于Neither this computer nor yours is good.） Im no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。（相当于Neithe
19、r I nor you are foolish.） 六、 not more + 比较级 + than .结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。如： This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。（相当于The book is less interesting than that one.） The girl is not more selfish than her mother. 这女孩不像她母亲那样自私。 七、 比较级 + than + 形容词，意为与其.倒不如.。如： He was much luckier than clev
20、er. 与其说他聪明，倒不如说他运气好。 Jack is much harder than clever. 与其说杰克聪明，倒不如说他努力。 八、 would rather . than, prefer . to ., prefer to do . rather than . ，这三个句型表示宁愿.而不.; 喜欢.胜过. ; 宁愿做.而不愿做.含义。虽无比较级形式，但表示比较级含义。如： She would rather die than give in. 她宁死不屈。 I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema. 我宁愿打篮球也不愿去
21、看电影。 He preferred to go out rather than stay home. 他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。 九、 The + 比较级 . ， the + 比较级 . ，该结构意为越.， 越.。如： The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make. 在英语学习上你越用功，取得的进步就越大。 The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them. 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。练习
22、题一用所给词的正确形式填空：1.Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in them.2. The giraffe is the _ (tall) of the animals.3.The elephant is the _ (big) in the forest.4.The rabbit can run the _ (fast) in the race.5.A cow is the _ (strong) of the three.6.The peacocks tail is the _
23、(much) beautiful.7.Heis_(strong)intheclass.8.Englishis_(widely)spokenintheworld.9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house.11. Of the two girls, I find Lucy _ (clever).12. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).13. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I.14. Johns parents have four daughters,
24、 and she is the _ (young) child.15. The _ (cheap) bags are different from the best ones.16. The short one is _ (expensive) of the five.17. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother.18.Whichis_(big),thesun, themoonortheearth?19.Whichis_(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?20thismoon-cakeis_(ch
25、eap)ofall.二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1The Nile is a _river. It is _than any other river in the world. In fact it is _river in the world. (long) 2She said that it was _(happy) day in her life. 3Who is _(tall), Mary or Joan? 4Which is _(fast), a bike, a car or a bus? 5Shanghai is one of _(big) cities in China.
26、6My brother has a very _(good) voice. 7Wang Fang has _ Chinese Stamps. Judy hasnt got as _Chinese stamps as Wang Fang. But she has got _ American stamps than Wang Fang. (many) 8This film is even _(interesting) and its _(good) one I have ever seen. 9The _(sick) boy looks much _(tired). 10 When summer
27、 comes, the days are getting _ （long）. 11 This shirt is _(nice), but my mother is looking for a _ (nice) one for me.12 Oh, Im still _ (short) than you. 13 I have only a few friends in Nanjing, but he has a little _ (few). 14 My bike isnt as _ (good) as his. 15 Last Sunday there was a _ (friendly) ta
28、lk among us.(三)选择填空：1 He feels _ today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk?A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst3. Of the two toys, the child chose_.A. the expensive one B. one most expensiveC. a least expensive D. the
29、most expensive of them4. The book is _ of the two.A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest5. She looks _ than she does.A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older6. The garden is becoming _.A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more be
30、autiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler7. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _.A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the betterC. fastest and better D. faster and better8._ hurry, _speed.A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little 9 - Are you feeling _?- Ye
31、s，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better10 The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much11If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happ
32、ier time12 Remember this., children ._careful you are,_ mistakes you will make.-We know,Miss Gao.AThe more,the moreBThefewer,themoreC The more, thefewerDThe less,the less13We are going to do our work better with _ money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. less, less C. fewer, fewer D. fewer, less 14. Th
33、e boy is _ than his brother. A. two years older B. two years elder C. two-year older D. two-year elder 15. On the moon, things arent _ they are on the earth. A. so heavy as B. as heavier as C. as heavy than D. heavy than 16. Tom is the best student in his class. He is _ than any of his classmates. A
34、. more cleverer B. much cleverer C. much more cleverer D. much clever 17. There are many students in this classroom but there are _ students in that one. A. many B. more C. much D. more many 18. There is _ milk in my cup than in your cupA. little B. less C. few D. fewer 19. Im 1.70 meters _. A. high
35、 B. higher C. tall D. taller 20. The film is _, but the old arent _ in it. A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interesting, interesting D. interested, interested 21. Father is _ to go to work. A. good enough B. enough good C. well enough D. enough well 22. Is there _ in this boo
36、k? A. something interesting B. interesting something C. anything interesting D. interesting anything 23. Is his handwriting _ as hers? A. so good B. so well C. as good D. as well 24. Lu Xun is one of _ in China. A. best writers B. the best writer C. best writer D. the best writers25. Bob never does
37、his homework _Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.AsocarefulasBascarefullyas CcarefulasDas carefulas 26. I feel _better than yesterday. AmoreBveryCtheDfar27.China has a larger population than _in the world.Aall the countriesB everycountryCanycountry D any othercountry28.This book is _ on the subject.Athe much bestBvery much bestCmuchthebestD very thebest29.The sick boy is getting _day by day .Aworse B badC badlyD worst30.This sweater looks _and sells_.Awell, wellBgood,niceCnice, goodDnice,well