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1、语法专题之构词法一、名词的构词法1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-alapproveapproval 赞成；批准；refuserefusal 拒绝proposeproposal 提议；建议；survivesurvival 幸存-anceattendattendance 出席；参加；guideguidance 指引；指导annoyannoyance 恼怒；assistassistance 帮助-enceexistexistence 存在；生存；preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅；occurocurrence 发生-ioneducateeducation 教育
2、；evaluateevaluation评估constructconstruction 建设；discussdiscussion 讨论-ptiondescribedescription描述；subsribesubscription订阅prescribeprecription处方；assumeassumption 假设-ationexpectexpectation期待；期望；explainexplanation 解释inviteinvitation 邀请；starvestarvation 挨饿 identifyidentification 识别；classifyclassification 分类-
3、(s)sionreviserevision 修订decidedecision 决定expandexpansion 膨胀；permitpermission 允许admitadmission 接纳；submitsubmission 提交；服从-ing(s)suffersuffering 苦难；beginbeginning 开始hearhearing 听力；听觉；traintraining 培训earnearnings 收入；belongbelongings 财产-mentargueargument 辩论；论据；achieveachievement 功绩；成就treattreatment 对待；治疗
4、；equipeuipment 设备-urepresspressure 压力；failfailure 失败；未做（应作之事）-turemixmixture 混合；混合物；departdeparture 离开；出发-yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈；discoverdiscovery 发现；inquireinquiry 询问其他growgrowth 成长；发展；choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类；tendtendency 趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage 不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency 效
5、率；功效；privateprivacy 隐私fluentfluency 流利；流畅；accurateaccuracy 准确性-domwisewisdom 智慧；freefreedom 自由-cedifferentdifference 差异；silentsilence 沉默presentpresence出席；存在；convenientconvenience 便利-thwarmwarmth 温暖；热情；truetruth真相widewidth 宽度；strongstrength 力气；强项-nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点；illillness 疾病carelesscarelessne
6、ss 粗心大意；lonelyloneliness 孤独-y/-ty/-itydifficultdifficulty 困难；cruelcruelty 残酷；loyalloyalty 忠诚safesafety 安全；ableability 能力； simplesimplicity 简朴3.表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见后缀有：后缀例词-arlieliar 说谎者-erteachteacher 老师；strangestranger陌生人employemployer雇主；interviewinterviewer采访者；面试官-eeemployempl
7、oyee 雇员； traintrainee 受训练人；学员interviewinterviewee 被采访者；被面试者-orinventinventor 发明家；educateeducator 教育家donatedonator 捐赠者；actactor 演员-esswaitwaitress 女服务员；actactress 女演员host女主人；女主持人；god-goddess 女神-eseVietnamvietnamese 越南人；ChinaChinese 中国人JapanJapanese 日本人；PortugalPortuguese 葡萄牙人-anAmericaAmerican 美国人；Au
8、straliaAustralian 澳大利亚人ItalyItalian 意大利人；EgyptEgyptian 埃及人-ianmusicmusician 音乐家； historyhistorian 历史学家politicspolitician 政治家； ibrarylibrarian 图书管理员-istnovelnovelist 小说家;；specialspecialist 专家tourtourist 观光者；游客； chemistychemist 化学家-antassistassistant 助手；店员；serveservant 仆人participateparticipan参加者；atten
9、dattendant 服务人员；随从二、形容词、副词构词法1动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的；forgiveforgivable 可原谅的respectrespectable 值得尊敬的；reasonreasonable 有道理的aloriginoriginal 最初的；personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的；naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的；forgetforgetful 健忘的respectrespectful 恭敬的；regretregr
10、etful 遗憾的；后悔的edscarescared 感到恐惧的；confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的；delightdelighted 感到高兴的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的；convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的；annoyannoying讨厌的ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的；horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的；effecteffective 有效的
11、；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的；impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的；anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious谨慎的；curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的；couragecourageous勇敢地sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的；troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的；healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向
12、东的ishchildchildish 孩子气的；foolfoolish 愚蠢的；selfselfish自私的icsciencescientific 科学的；economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的；energyenergetic 精力充沛的2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词一般情况下，在词尾直接加lyfortunatefortunately幸运地；realreally真正地extremeextremel极度；immediateimmediately 立即“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，改y为ilyhappyhappily 高兴地；
13、easyeasily 容易地luckyluckily 幸运地；heavyheavily 沉重地以“-ble/tle/ple”结尾的形容词，去e加lypossiblepossibly 可能地；terribleterribly 可怕地；probableprobably 大概；horriblehorribly可怕地simplesimply 简单地；gentlegently 温柔地以“-ic”结尾形容词，在词尾补al，再加lyacademicacademically 在学术上basicbasically 基本地scientificscientifically 科学地systematicsystemat
14、ically 有条理地automaticautomatically 自动地 特例outdooroutdoors 在户外；indoorindoors 在室内publicpublicly 公然地；gaygaily 欢乐地；fullfully 充分地；wholewholly 完全地；truetruly 真实地；straight成直线地；立即；直率三、动词构词法前缀endanger endanger 使处于危险之中；richenrich 使丰富courageencourage 鼓励；largeenlarge 变大；增大后缀ensharpsharpen 使锋利；broadbroaden 使开阔short
15、shorten 缩短；widewiden 加宽ifybeautybeautify 美化；simplesimplify简化purepurify 提纯；summarysummarize 作总结izelocallocalize 使地方化；realrealize认识到；实现popularpopularize 普及；modernmodernize 使现代化-ateoriginoriginate 起源于；activeactivate激活；四、否定词缀1表示否定意义的前缀un不，非unable不能够；unlucky不幸的；unnecessary不必要的dis不，非dishonest不诚实的；disconti
16、nuous不连贯的in不，非inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的；informal非正式的im不，非impatient不耐烦的；impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的ir不，非irregular 不规则的；irresponsible 不负责任的；irresistible不可抵抗的il不，非illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的non不，非nonexistent 不存在的；nonstop 连续不断的；nonprofit 非盈利的；mis错误mislead 误导；misunderstand 误解；mistake 误认为dis动词(意义相反)dislike
17、不喜欢；disagree 不同意；discourage 劝阻；disable 使失灵；使残疾；un动词(意义相反)unwrap 拆开；undress 脱衣服；unpack 打开2.表示否定意义的后缀名词less否定意义的形容词use useless无用的；hopehopeless 没有希望的；绝望的；home homeless 无家可归的；mercymerciless 残忍的；worthworthless 没有价值的构词法练习1A career in law is becoming increasingly (attract) to young people.2Your (perform) a
18、s a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.3My first _ (impress) of him was that he was a thoughtful young man.4The book provides (value) information on recent trends.5Im (true) sorry that things had to end like this.6We are all (entire) responsible for our a
19、ctions and for our reactions.7The (freeze) Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter.8As we know, the dinosaurs (appear) long ago.9As this can be seen, it was a time of social unrest. It is hard to avoid great _ (fortune) occurred.10If you go on working like this, youll (da
20、nger) your health.11 (obvious), the story is not true, but the festival is interesting.12When Bob was still young, his parents (marry) ended in divorce.13Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the (advantage) in finding jobs.14 (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was w
21、orth it in the end.15Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it (intend)16What you said sounded (reason) but in fact it was untrue.17We have to learn _ (advance) technology from other countries.18Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep (health)19Not only the teachers but also the
22、 students find the website (benefit)20It snowed (heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow.答案：1.attractive 2.performance 3.impression 4.valuable 5.truly 6.entirely 7.freezing8.disappeared 9.misfortune 10.endanger 11.Obviously 12.marriage 13.disadvantages 14.Thankfully 15.intentionally 16.reasonable 17.advanced 18.healthy 19.beneficial 20.heavily