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1、1,Activity 1 : Inviting,When spouses should be included in invitations differ between China and West.,2,Generally speaking for any meal taking place in the evening, ranging from those given at someones home through to dining out together or attending formal banquets, both husband and wife will be in
2、cluded. 一般来说，请客都是吃晚饭，形式很多种，家庭邀请，或是一起去外面吃饭，抑或参加正式的宴会。而且，被邀请的都是夫妻双方。,What about mid-day meals?,3,This is not expected in the case of mid-day meals, probably because couples often work in different places and some jobs involve taking a working lunch with clients or colleagues. 吃午饭时，被邀请的一般不会是夫妻双方，因为夫妻双方
3、大部分不是在同一个地方工作，并且，有些工作会提供工作餐，可以和同事同僚们共享。,4,In China, it is quite common for only the husband or wife to be invited to a meal, either in work units or between friends, and neither husband or wife will feel offended if one of them is not invited. 在中国，被邀请的只是夫妻中的一方，不论他们是否在同一个工作单位，而且，夫妻双方不会因为某一方未被邀请而感到有所冒
4、犯。,5,Activity 2 : Footing the bill,早在15世纪，人们便开始使用“foot the bill”这个短语，但当时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（foot of bill or account），foot的意思相当于bottom。 很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事。但是到了19世纪，则轮到消费者foot the bill了，因为这个短语已经变成了“付帐，买单”的意思。这种用法一直沿用到现在。,6,1.Cultural custom,2.Cultural custom,3.Idiom,Hotel guests can pay meals
5、 by_.,signing the bill,They sign the bill at the _or _.,bottom,the foot,To foot the bill means _.,to pay for something,7,Dining out with friends,share the cost,equality between friends,should return favour,8,1.go Dutch,Share the cost of the meal equally between friends.,2.pool their money,Put togeth
6、er the right amount of money to pay bill.,3.pick the bill,Grab the bill to pay.,4.buy his round,Ask everyone what they would like and then go to the bar to get the drinks.,9,Activity 3 : Gifts Giving Varies Among Different Cultures,1. China,2.,America,10,China,11,Remember : Generally, the recipient
7、may graciously refuse the present when first offered. If the recipient did not open your gift, it does not mean that he or she is not interested in it. You had better make your gift selected from a local store.,12,Chinese New Year Money may be given in a red envelope. It is usually even amount, usin
8、g an even number of new bills.,13,The gift is offered using both hands and must be gift-wrapped .,14,Official business policy considers gifts as bribes, which are illegal. + Say youre giving the gift on behalf of your company and want him to accept it on behalf of his company . + Typically one perso
9、n is not singled out to receive a special gift, especially in front of a group. + Display your company logo on the gift . + Avoid giving highly expensive gifts.,15,Be sure to avoid: Giving clocks as gifts Colors such as white or black Number four Sharp objects such as knives, letter openers, or scis
10、sors Giving gifts in odd numbers Do not brag about your gift in front of the recipient. A fine writing pen would be a good gift, unless it has red ink.,16,America,17,Small gifts such as pens, business diaries, and mementos with company logos are usually sufficient.,18,Gifts are normally opened when
11、received.,19,When visiting the home, it is normally appropriate to present a gift to the hostess.,20,A gift can be something small but elaborate for a person with whom you are close.,21,It is important to avoid highly personal gifts.,22,Conclusions: 1. Do a little research on the customs . 2. Create
12、 a personal reference book . 3. Call the foreign embassies to get specific answers to your questions .,23,Activity 4:,Hospitality,24,Chinese never accept offer of drinks or food; westerners do not press their guests to drink or eat. In China, if a guest is invited to a home, the host will normally s
13、erve the guest with some hot tea, and often when the host is making tea, the guest will ask the host not to bother to do so. Even so the host will provide tea for the guest. The behaviour of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and hab
14、itual, and are understood as showing politeness and courtesy. 在中国，如果被邀请去朋友家吃饭，主人回味客人提供热茶，更有意思的是，每当主人在泡茶时，客人都会很客气地说，“多麻烦呀”，尽管如此，主人还是会端茶给客人。在中国，这种方式已经被认可，而且是一种礼貌的表现。,25,To press people to have food or drink after they have refused is frowned upon and can cause embarrassment. However, most visitors wil
15、l not refuse a cup of tea, partly because most British people enjoy it so much, but also because sharing tea together makes the gathering more convivial. * Idioms about tea: (1) not for all the tea in China: under no circumstances (2) not my cup of tea: not what I like or not what I am suited for (3
16、) a storm in a teacup: making a fuss about something unimportant,26,Too modest We Chinese usually say no when somebody offers something, because sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite remark. After we say no, we usually wait for the second or third offer before we accept it, but that ne
17、ver happens in a foreigners home. If the host just brings the food or drink and ignores our no, we will accept it.,27,Activity 4: Compliments,Compliments are positive expressions or evaluation, which are directed either explicitly or implicitly to someone for something valued positively by the speak
18、er and the hearer, and even the whole speech community.,28,Compliments are rich in both English and Chinese. However, affected by cultural differences, social status, gender, age, etc., there are many differences of compliment and its response between English and Chinese.,29,Compliment in English te
19、nds to seek agreement and maintain an equal and consistent relationship, while it in Chinese tends to express respect and concern about others.,Different Situations,30,Eg：There is a guest having a supper in others home. After the supper, the guest on the background of English often says to the host:
20、 “I enjoyed myself very much”. However, on the background of Chinese, the compliment is often replaced by an apology, such as “it is laborious for you to do so many dishes”.,31,Different Response Strategy,Response Strategy in Chinese: “Problem+Comment Strategy” ,which is not existent in English. “Di
21、sagreement Strategy” Eg. Na li na li Not as wonderful as your performance.,32,Response Strategy in English,Appreciation Token Strategy just like “thank you”, which takes up 29.38% of the whole response . “Disagreement Strategy” not as much used as in Chinese,33,Chinese likes a kind of indirect ways
22、of refusing requests . They tend to avoid direct conflicts and losing face when confronted with a problem or refusing a request. Like the Chinese , people in the English-speaking countries also avoid losing ones face or hurting other people by using polite expression when giving refusals .In Britain , in addition to polite expressions,people find or give excuses when refusing a request, and such excuses, if they are not genuine ones, are called white lies ,lies told in good intentions.,Activity 4: Disagreeing Agreeably,