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1、1,高三英语复习之被动语态(passive voice),王令原创,2011年动词的时态，语态将继续成为高考考查的重点；考查将有可能集中在如下几个方面： 一注重在具体的语言环境中考查动词的时态和语态 二根据时间状语以及上下文来决定动词的时态和语态 三一些固定的句式中的时态和语态的考查,主题曲,2,一定义,语态voice：动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系,主动语态（active voice)是表示主语是动作的执行者 Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.,被动语态（passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者 A sound
2、of piano is heard next door.,3,高考链接,1（2010湖南）This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A was named B named C is named D names 2(2010四川)Youve failed to do what you _to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A will expect B will be expected C expected D were expected,A,D,4,二构成 :be（
3、not） +v. - ed口语中也用get/ become+v. - ed be 随主语的人称数时态和语气的不同而变化。,被时态swf,5,高考链接,3 （2010上海）The church tower which _will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A has restored B has been restored C is restoring D is being restored 4(2010福建）Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for
4、 the money-making jobs they_before leaving their hometowns. A promised B were promised C have promised D have been promised,D,D,6,高考链接,5（ 2010北京）In the spoken English of some areas in the US , the “r” sounds at the end of the words_. A .are dropped B drop C are being dropped D have dropped 6 (2010 天
5、津）Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. A are exhibiting B is exhibiting C are being exhibited D is being exhibited,A,C,7,三被动语态的用法,一不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道 The new style of MP4 was very popular among young people when it to the market.,
6、二需要强调动作的承受者时 George Washington to be the founding father of the United States of America.,三为了避免更换主语 The president loves his people and by his people.,四动作的执行者是无生命的事物 The Change 2 lunar probe about seven pm on National Day.,was introduced,is considered,is loved,was launched,8,高考链接,7（2010全国Linda, make
7、sure the tables _before the guests arrive. A be set B set C are set D are setting 8（2010课标全国）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_. A is made B would make C was to be made D has made,C,C,9,四主动语态变被动语态的方法,把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态 把主动语态的主语加by置位于之后，by短语也可省略,
8、一短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态： 1.在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如： His strange hairstyle was often laughed . Bad habits have been done away . Babies were taken good care . Time would be made good use . 2由“动词+名词+介词”构成的词组动词，如take care of, make a mess of, pay attention to, make use of等，这类词组动词主动语态变被动语态时通常有两种形式，如： He took gre
9、at care of his books. His books . was taken of his books.,at,with,of,of,were taken good care of,Great care,10,二”get +动词的过去分词“可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，get 通常用于一般过去时态，强调动作的结果，其后的动作执行者一般不表示出来。 She got married last week. The inventor of the electric scooter fell off it and got killed.,3.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+动
10、词的过去分词 The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 4.含有“be going to，be to”等结构地复合谓语变为被动语态时，其结构分别为“be going to be过去分词，be to be过去分词,They had made a mess of the house. The house had been made a mess of.,A mess had been made of the house.,11,三复合宾语的被动结构 在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构中，一般将主动结构中的宾语改为主语，原宾
11、语补足语保留在位于后面（此时应称为主语补足语）有些使役动词和感官动词，可简记为五看(look at ,see,watch,notice,observe)三室(使let, make, have）两厅(听listen to， hear） 一感觉feel，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式做宾补，在变为被动结构中应加上to.其中let无被动语态。如：,They elected Kimjongil Secretary of the WPK of the DPRK. Kimjongil Secretary of the WPK of the DPRK. The doctor made my father
12、 give up smoking. My father give up smoking. Somebody saw him playing basketball then. He was seen basketball then.,was elected,was made to,playing,12,四带双宾语的被动结构 主动结构中如果有两个宾语，变为被动结构时，一般将指人的间接宾语作为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语保留不变。如将指物的直接宾语作为句子的主语，原间接宾语前要加以to 或for为代表的介词。,They awarded the American president Obama the
13、Nobel Peace Prize . The American president Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize the American president Obama.,双宾结构可用to改写的动词有： bring,deny,do,give,grant,hand,lead,offer,owe,pass,pay, permit,promise,read,refuse,return,sell,send,show,take,tell,throw,write等。,was awarded to,13,My
14、 mother bought me a hair dryer. I was bought a hair dryer by my mother. A hair dryer was bought me by my mother.,双宾结构可用for 改写的的动词有： bring,buy,choose,cook,do,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play,reach,save,spare等。,有些既不用to也不用for,要看动词与介词的搭配关系。如： The Great Wall is known to people around the world. A qu
15、estion was asked of me.,for,14,五page248 句子的谓语为say, believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时，被动语态有两种形式： 1.谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式做主补 2.用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句来表示,Economists say Obama can do little to boost (使增长）the economy before Novembers congressional（国会的） election. Obama is said to be able to do
16、little to boost the economy before Novembers congressional election. Obama can do little to boost the economy before Novembers congressional meeting.,Its said that,15,高考链接,9 （2010年陕西）It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area. A are being built B were being built C was bei
17、ng built D is being built 10（2009年全国）It is often _that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A said B to say C saying D being said,D,A,16,五不能用被动语态的几种情况,Page248 1所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组如：break out,work等 2表示状态的谓语动词，如：hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit join,mean,last,lack,look like,consist of，suffer from等
18、 3表示归属的动词，如：have,own,belong to 4.表示“希望，意图”的动词，如：wish,want ,hope,like,love,hate等。,17,六主动形式表被动意义,1系动词如：look, sound,appear,seem,prove,go,stay等接形容词或名词构成系表结构时。 2表示开始，结束和运动的动词如：open, begin, end,finish,close,stop,shut,run,move,rise等 3 表示主语某种属性特征的动词接状语修饰语时如：read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean ,wea
19、r,open, close,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink等。,18,4少数动词用于进行时如：print,cook,fry,hang,build,make等。 The books are printing. The meat is cooking. Page248 5 break out, take place, shut off ,turn off, work out 等动词表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。 The lamps on the wall turn off.,19,6 want，deserve，need，require等后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义
20、7 be worth doing用主动形式表被动含义 8在”be+静态形容词+to do”和”有“字结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。 9 另外be to blame, be to rent, be to let也用主动表被动,被特殊句式.swf,20,高考链接,11.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A was felt B is felt C felt D feels 12 .(2009年重庆）Professor Williams keeps telling his stu
21、dents that the future _to the well-educated. A belongs B is belonged to C is belonging to D will be belonged to,C,A,21,高考链接,13（2009江西） what is the price of petrol these days? Oh ,it _sharply since last month. A is raised B has risen C has arisen D is increased 14(2008上海） Do you think we should accep
22、t that offer? Yes ,we should, for we _ such bad luck up till now, and time _out. A have had; is running B had;is running C have; has been run D have had; has been run,B,A,22,高考链接,15 （2010重庆）The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now. A remains B
23、 is remained C is remaining D has been remained 16(2009海南中学）By the end of the year2008,many important events, such as the holding of the Olympics and the launch of spacecraft Shenzhou, _. A would have taken place B had taken place C took place D had been taken place,A,B,23,七被动形式表主动含义,1 be+反身动词（如devo
24、te, accustom， seat等）的过去分词 “反身动词”指“及物动词+反身代词”结构如： That day I dressed myself in a black suit. That day I a black suit. 2 be+不及物动词的过去分词 You in the wind.He . 3 be +表示情感的过去分词,was dressed in,are gone,Is retired,24,如：I am determined to do better next time. 4 系表结构中的过去分词如： be prepared for, be occupied in, be
25、 devoted to, be based on, be addicted to, be located in，be engaged in, be related to等 被动语态强调动作，系表结构表主语的特点或状态,25,高考链接,17(2006全国）_and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A surprising B surprised C being surprised D to be surprising 18(2009年四川）Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _until the plane has come to a complete stop. A seated B seating C to seat D seat,B,A,