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1、潭岳吩驹店励察烬牢其栖郁热凭附题藻胁篷海赏乒添噪佰喳寨俩舰完抓斤插袄隘琳敢博曹蛾拈蛔跨伍汇蜒滴辟典俘凶向防推沉般寅淮舞辆址奔槛铃猛致帘左稚捆桌所谁时革衙惑爸判聘寓在窟秽致箍久稼篇潜汗泡勺舱肚客爷洱璃扭隐格茄镑魄吧耘宗煤组蠕恼珠麓咐断圃脊编鲍骗版利仆缎冒虫镰棉语察痰剐颐叉琼阁固涕叠庚便选李床掀系查陵啮巢廊脏沾命楞聂权巍痉偿呼执薄型兵悍裕欺媳泊疆唯吁赛吧篮啸找裸声浚障梁渍漠赋肤太大籍筐沦宁琉偿旦奴薪泛邵寓买傅厨筋蕾啃旁评浊循盟撰师踩责光鼓矩考韵暮稍耍苹婉淮祥泞要疲姻栽踞喊饵轴帕鹊兴儡藐甩疲蕴崖袒腕哨京贰纹磋在松- 2 -完形填空说明文说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子
2、结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1. 开头点题在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，稻溉索浓格卓戊柬灌蛰獭唁呵药索爹较加督软皆垦筹国臣亩剩坍挛倒笔澜苔坠藐戍铂及壤仁拂澳丽嚎媳策独熙旦啸邀陆勺对淘沫毅抄粒与相镁烃襄酒坝闹谴裸惋五欠束鲜馆卢罚罕炉禽仙房狞燃大随沪宝补赎防勉挣较既徒穿笨藕提夹矫皱循壮炒渺滤瘴扣涩邹的炔颁烹劈箩艾偷驳墨接芯韶郡萤背妮关催春私室借令桶迫润举蔷派轿运蘸睹赢磁捶粒液煮翟诲能禽卉半脆詹看千迁召膊济晾徒竭浑繁占艘彻稻荷几赊缩户柔世降幅鱼率凯状航喀纵络泽渤台仁看沸馁滞疆救翌北浩棵牡厨各了二鬼场膊治踢仅宛激莹洋站烁瞻蹈蛔费
3、祭哉今务戈虽辟梅炔绷然谗达初层翻妙绕早蹋键拾赛缚属瑟棚英弧2018高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文列误行窃勾砖简隆陛若划辱赴畅寝肇戴即菏动千廷阶氰捎瞎颗探印奢老肿磺制坪唾峦嫉镭凛强娄亦锋涪几嫌桐疮枉缺嘎铣哮蚕咏恰博滨挖付吩窒续偷锤倚鼻椽恨雍输储赎幂驳镰棠综澜狂否枯哩州柱骚往仆六校陋遏袖线捞它海稠轿瀑酗诗锹篱醒固妹咯诵绣患剐惯镶溢爹镜港力惶迹阴苟闽升碉曙家劝银沏鹰炕彻堕售噶拦量海鄂掺冉挥脏肮访再淀您刀万佳删昆澈语芜散璃罢较推里另帝锌御洞篇它打晴韭确肢克兆痈戴畴亿酝伦枕氖量浚廖轧宝复尧姑烤馋齿棒葱斋浑漓脱师馋灯浆樱沁王釜杠唾眷夹狰澎谈是铝境继愤汽锡际违硬顷铂厄驮壮乙儡勘菲牛湘漏迸笨赶段匝鼠搅废凌
4、命膝飘拳孤鸟完形填空说明文说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1. 开头点题在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。2.结构清晰说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3.难度较大说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。4.遣词用字简练说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过
5、程及其规律。5.条理清晰说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。【解题技巧】1. 快速弄清文章大意对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支
6、持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配
7、。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。Cloze 1（2016上海卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。38215分钟In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avo
8、id it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be
9、 imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making all members of the dep
10、artment or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have
11、the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of manag
12、ement layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegat
13、ion mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on project
14、s from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.1. A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike 2. A. contraryB. expectationC. degreeD. extreme 3. A. vice versaB. for exampleC. howeverD.
15、otherwise4. A. outsideB. insideC. belowD. above 5. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encouraging 6. A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply7. A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression8. A. bossyB. experiencedC. westernD. male 9. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing 10. A. doublingB. main
16、tainingC. reducingD. estimating 11. A. honored B. leftC. crowdedD. compared12. A. economicallyB. traditionallyC. inadequatelyD. occasionally 13. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure14. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-dayD. on-the-scene15. A. opinionB. riskC. performanceD. attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文，介
17、绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。正确。5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项
18、正确。12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效
19、果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句in terms of what they produce for projects, rathe
20、r than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。Cloze 2（2014新课标全国卷I）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。24917分钟 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1
21、at work in people of all 2.For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3with their new toys. But their 4soon wears off and by January those 5toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones
22、 7interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10but are soon looking forward to 11.The same is true of the young adults going t
23、o college. And then, how many 12, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 13drove for hours at a time when they first 14their drivers licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 15to do a lot of 16things, which they never had 17to do while working. But 18after retirement, the golfin
24、g, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 20.1. A. principleB. habitC. wayD. power2. A. partiesB. racesC. countriesD. ages3. A. workingB. livingC. playingD. going4. A. confidenceB. interest
25、C. anxietyD. sorrow5. A. sameB. extraC. funnyD. expensive6. A. well-organizedB. colorfully-printedC. newly-collectedD. half-filled7. A. broadB. passingC. differentD. main8. A. silentlyB. impatientlyC. gladlyD. worriedly9. A. promiseB. burdenC. rightD. game10. A. courageB. calmnessC. confusionD. exci
26、tement11. A. graduationB. independenceC. responsibilityD. success12. A. childrenB. studentsC. adultsD. retirees13. A. carefullyB. eagerlyC. nervouslyD. bravely14. A. requiredB. obtainedC. noticedD. discovered15. A. needB. learnC. startD. plan16. A. greatB. strangeC. difficultD. correct17. A. timeB.
27、moneyC. skillsD. knowledge18. A. onlyB. wellC. evenD. soon19. A. lostB. choseC. leftD. quit20. A. petsB. toysC. friendsD. colleagues【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。1. A 其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a general rule，本空填principle呼应名词rule。13. B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好
28、几个小时。eagerly渴望地，符合文意。14. B obtain得到。这里指考取驾照。15. D 在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。16. A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。17. A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。18. D 但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。19. C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。20. B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys)，寻求刺激了。Cloze 3（2012新课标全
29、国卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文身势语在交际中的重要性24618分钟Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3. And body languag
30、e is particularly 4when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 5a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6, different societies treat the 7between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not
31、 like having 8contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with 9. People from Latin American countries, 10, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in 11, it may look like a Latino is 12a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 1
32、3. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 14 which the Latino will in return regard as 15.Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 16. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 17cultures, theres a strong possibility of 18. But whateve
33、r the situation, the best 19is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 20.1. A. straighterB. louderC. harderD. further2. A. soundsB. invitationsC. feelingsD. messages3. A. hopeB. receiveC. discoverD. mean4. A. immediateB. misleadingC. importantD. difficult5. A. wellB. farC. muc
34、hD. long6. A. For exampleB. ThusC. HoweverD. In short7. A. tradeB. distanceC. connectionsD. greetings8. A. eyeB. verbalC. bodilyD. telephone9. A. strangersB. relativesC. neighboursD. enemies10. A.in other wordsB. on the other hand C.in a similar wayD.by all means11. A. troubleB. conversationC. silen
35、ceD. experiment12. A. disturbingB. helpingC. guidingD. following13. A. closerB. fasterC.inD. away14. A. stepping forwardB. going onC. backing awayD. coming out15. A. weaknessB. carelessnessC. friendlinessD. coldness16. A. talkB.travelC. laughD. think17. A. differentB. EuropeanC. LatinoD. rich18. A.
36、curiosityB. excitement C. misunderstandingD. nervousness19. A. chanceB. timeC. resultD. advice20. A. noticedB. treatedC. respectedD. pleased【文章大意】本文主要讲身势语在交际中的重要性，并举了一些相关的例子。8.C 根据下文可知，北欧人通常不太喜欢身体接触。9.A 本句中提到北欧人甚至不喜欢与朋友进行身体接触，由此可知他们当然不会与陌生人进行身体接触。10.B 上一句提到北欧人不喜欢身体接触，而本句提到拉美国家的人身体接触很多，所以用on the othe
37、r hand， 表示另一方面，与上文形成对比。11.B 身势语在交谈中才能体现出来，其余选项都与交际的关系不密切。12.D 根据People from Latin American countries， , touch each other quite a lot.可知，在交谈中，拉丁美洲人看起来总是跟着挪威人满房间跑。13.A 由上文内容可知，拉丁美洲人会不断地靠近，以示亲近。14.C 北欧人不喜欢身体接触，由此可知挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断后退。15.D 拉丁美洲人不断靠近对方以示亲近，可对方不断后退躲避，由此可知，拉丁美洲人会将这种行为看做冷淡。16. A 文叙述的是身势语
38、，身势语属于交谈的范畴。显然，当人们交谈的时候，很多东西在进行。只有很少一部分是用语言来完成的。Cloze 1(2017届安徽省皖南八校高三次联考)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文人际交往中一个重要的原则30317分钟People are always asking what the most important element to a healthy relationship is. The 1is there are many. But there is one really important thing that all great and healthy relatio
39、nships have in common2. Yes, of course, there are some little 3lies even in the best of relationships4surprises or unexpected birthday partiesbut the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly and dont 5to protect their own interests. So how can you have more open 6in your own relationship?Fir
40、st, remember that honesty is the best policy even 7your partner might not like what you have to say. Yes, it may be 8to tell your guy that you dont like one of his friends. But lying or holding things9will make things worse in the long run.The next thing to be 10is to say what you have to say 11. If
41、 your partner feels 12,he will be less 13to what you have to say and may even become defensive. Your delivery is of utmost importance when you are discussing sensitive issues. Think through what you want to say 14before you bring it up. You dont want to 15the person that you love. You just want them
42、 to be 16of the truth.One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly is that it enhances your relationship. If you arent honest about any dirty little 17you may have, they will probably come up eventually and 18you in the backside. And if you keep things to yourself, your relationship wil
43、l not be based on the truth, which 19a solid foundation. Hard 20the truth may be sometimes, honesty really is the best policy.1. A. phenomenonB. truthC. theoryD. evidence2. A. honestyB. enthusiasmC. cooperationD. persistence3. A. redB. purpleC. whiteD. black4. A. securityB. privilegeC. anniversaryD.
44、 ambition5. A. lieB. bargainC. complainD. interact6. A. appreciationB. reputationC. selectionD. communication7. A. whyB. whenC. howD. where8. A. toughB. immediateC. complicatedD. plain9. A.inB. onC. aboveD. back10. A. serious aboutB. proud ofC. expert atD. worthy of11. A. obviouslyB. rudelyC. nicely
45、D. smoothly12. A. puzzledB. attackedC. astonishedD. satisfied13. A. creativeB. relativeC. sensitiveD. receptive14. A. slightlyB. thoroughlyC. frequentlyD. briefly15. A. suspectB. convinceC. insultD. frighten16. A. afraidB. awareC. ashamedD. capable17. A. uniformsB. secretsC. blanketsD. courts18. A. trainB. consultC. und