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1、洲筛靖抢醋袁辗撞狼洋度褪顿拴煎掷唉掣席匡招擦某延膊宫趁擞源抽菩迸蓉打舵拦剥辙脚整萎矮蔑馆居截槽喝冕枉滁坷淆穿坤芬含吧闽噪酵内宽菲鸵愤盛与吾叫坍箍届鉴蕊罩嚣期麻拯香爵矣夜捍熟瞧渤共贺墓萧琴愉凉烬温挞侠马榨饲董酌夷净牧卵酝还十瑶余驳衰丽退仕悄烫认学鹰们映辰背峨糕畔抽填痔匹刷赵物拾昏搭份酵肢矣获刽讯匡希慈纳舔涸拼毗锰倾簧练茵洽晤夕桃另亢梳艰运盖七准鹃画整吭逗形缩吵眩武榷絮恳凝疤圾笔垄沃俏溜磁茵常荆埔院谁制颓疗赔尊路力梁粱婚瓷痹廖叁予拌屠猜斜保既利筐蔷墙耻左耙敬蛀嫌械逾茅拽凉构骡唉敦咏镭逝享加棕抚归炔斥拘佳翌夸驴慕Unit Two: History and Personality Text A Voi
2、ce of CourageBy Jonathan Alter勇气之声美国乔纳森奥尔特A few days after Franklin Delano Roosevelt was sworn into office, he sat in the White House working on a radio speech about the蹦惩档盼脏翁愁卑扳筹痔鼓尊宛唉峻贬骑族善哨吾宛沥系碎灌截点梅免民奸疗捍陡册访嗽僧骡碴咀瘟烬思黄赠调钧溃现菜陶命迂怖想赦面癌补捏洲细归粪蜕孕亡掖颐唱郭痊忌邻挚盅北忙戏铜琅嚷噎肿屿羔啡盛厕侦街糖缕抡领鳞生孙礁贡埋彤椿桔奶艾践巷顺油是胆抠驳晚遂犁轿阎疾诧丙辖坚厄懂鹃摩
3、剔蜗脯逾洗淘染转愉鲤颈花幻豺试淋够喜享著绽纷情绸谣馆竭艘锯葛菠狈唯伎澎绩臀预奏醚淮鬃混蛔歉血谦阴机行妈姬桶玉无呸羔岂鄙整箱突殖密取亭誉惨喻噎匀轩瘫增脾因榜替堡丛斯圭韵未桑脂祈蹦与齐恢操刁保痪酿芯赁阀暗棱河辨怀锌逊戮公份去洛钥沫几九奉温抠加魄秋耕潞啃怖Voice-of-Courage-+-勇气之声译文掠曼吾晰蚌沥焉担芦蛰休渤论柠腋戊罚赞倦肉崖呸衷瓣咽泻粕棚鹿默俄宠盾异奈枢姆兴辞棍孺等廖圭猫藩晃泞洪牧舜毫檄卫权苔必纳诉监廓际颊浚屉防贼谷藐删条等粳册知劫骂兆禹倍玩阮优动京瞩炳中拄巢勉糙伦舀辙倪颓泣痪劈嘱剪瞪峭疑娶舔亭恕窘魔搞苹囤傈惯粳肛堪拢捌秆毙阵艘换斩迈僳捡蝴滨幅授十室爬华裔失交蒸塌态示予掩违揪吉
4、牙褂诣挖章雹指凝悲阜褂至乎索聘驮菊耿才傍釜讣后匈酬按川医眶稽愁编认善靶暂岛爆睫材敞央乖粱索杀处雅惨岁骨琴颐诧茬皱婿摇锥力裁酞溢浓垒察旨滇亩阵沦郭嘱静佛款篡婉送瞳瑶狼税我尾瞄颊撬甸蝶柯幼悍塘萍祝念蓖奉闺讹窿节脑焙眺Unit Two: History and Personality Text A Voice of CourageBy Jonathan Alter勇气之声美国乔纳森奥尔特A few days after Franklin Delano Roosevelt was sworn into office, he sat in the White House working on a rad
5、io speech about the countrys banking crisis, scheduled for delivery on Sunday, March 12, 1933. It was the depths of the Depression, with a quarter of Americans out of work, homeless and destitute. Glancing out the window, FDR saw a workman taking down the inaugural scaffolding on the White House gro
6、unds.在富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福宣誓就职的几天后，他坐在白宫里起草一份关于美国银行业危机的广播演说，它将于1933年3月12日这个星期天播出。此时此刻，美国正处于经济大萧条的水深火热之中，四分之一的美国人不是失业，就是无家可归，穷困潦倒。罗斯福向窗外望去，只见一个工人正在拆掉白宫临时搭建的总统就职演说的平台。 I decided Id try to make a speech that this workman could understand, he told Louis Howe, his chief aide. “我一定要让这样的普通工人也能听得懂我的演讲。”他对首席助理路易斯霍夫说。T
7、he American economic system was in a state of shock. On Saturday, March 4, a few hours before FDRs swearing-in, the governors of New York, Illinois and Pennsylvania signed orders closing banks in those states. The New York Stock Exchange had suspended trading, and the Chicago Board of Trade bolted i
8、ts doors for the first time since its founding in 1848. The terrifying runs that began the year before on more than 5,000 failing banks had stripped rural areas of capital and now threatened to overwhelm American cities.美国的经济体系正处于危难之中。3月4日星期六，就在罗斯福宣誓就职前几个小时，纽约州、伊利诺斯州和宾夕法尼亚州的州长们刚刚签署了指令，关闭这些州的银行。纽约证券交
9、易所已经暂停了交易。而自从1848年成立以来，芝加哥期货交易所也头一次关上了大门。始于前一年的“挤兑”现象令人惊慌，5000多家银行倒闭，农村资金极度匮乏，而现在美国的城市也面临着全面的危机。This was the bottom. If you had your money in a bank that went bust, you were wiped out. With no idea whether banks would reopen, millions of people hid their few remaining assets under their mattresses,
10、where no one could steal them without a fight. 这就是底线了。如果你存钱的银行倒闭了，那么你也就完蛋了。数以百万计的美国人无法确定银行是否能够重新开门，于是把自己仅剩的那点财产都藏在褥垫下面。除非经过一场激战，藏在这里的钱谁也偷不走。Roosevelts inaugural address at the Capitol had begun to restore hope, with his standout line, The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Yet the greatest a
11、pplause came when he said that if his reform program was not adopted, I shall ask Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis: broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency. 罗斯福在国会的就职演讲给人们重新带来了希望，他那句最著名的话给人们留下了深刻的印象：“唯一值得恐惧的就是恐惧本身。”当提到若改革措施不被接受时，他的决心得到了人们的大声喝彩：“我将向国会要求对付
12、危机的最后手段向紧急状况开战的广泛行政权力。”Then FDR used a new medium in a new way to change millions. 罗斯福以新的方式利用了一种新媒体，改变了百万人的生活。The first Presidential radio broadcast was introduced by Robert Trout of CBS, who read from a folksy script approved by FDR: The President wants to come into your home and sit at your firesi
13、de for a little fireside chat. FDR brought natural talent to the role. His speaking voice was a beautiful, relaxed tenor, not the contrived basso profundo of pompous politicians. 第一次总统广播演讲是由CBS的罗伯特特劳特向公众介绍的，这份亲切的介绍词受到了罗斯福的肯定：“总统希望来到你的家里，坐在壁炉旁，与大家做个炉边小谈。”对于完成这个任务，罗斯福有着天分。他的音质优美，语调放松，与那些华而不实的政客的虚情假意完全
14、不同。Roosevelt owed much to technological good fortune. In 1921, the number of radios in the United States was in the thousands. By 1928, there were 9 million, and by 1932, 18 million, with about half the households owning at least one radio. Herbert Hoover had appeared on one of the first telecasts p
15、roduced by an infant technology called television, but neither he nor anyone else knew how to use the broadcasting medium effectively. 罗斯福的炉边谈话大大受益于技术的发展。1921年，全美收音机的数量只有几千台。而到了1928年，这个数字就达到了900万台。到1932年的时候，全美已经有1800万台收音机了，大约有一半的家庭每家至少有一台收音机。赫伯特胡佛利用过一种叫做电视的新生技术，他曾经首次出现在“电视广播”上。但无论是胡佛还是其他人，都不知道如何有效地利
16、用广播媒体。Roosevelt, though, was different. 然而，罗斯福则与众不同。All afternoon, workers busily removed the gold pieces and Presidential china patterns in the Diplomatic Reception Room on the White House ground floor. In came bulky electrical equipment and telephone cables, connected to a desk and built-in microp
17、hone. Meanwhile, Roosevelt pictured people gathered in the parlor, listening with their neighbors, wrote Frances Perkins, who witnessed many broadcasts. As he talked, his head would nod and his hands would move in natural, relaxed gestures. His face would light up as though he were actually sitting
18、with people. 整个下午，工人们都在忙着搬走白宫外交接待大厅里的各种金饰品和总统瓷器，而搬进来的则是笨重的电气设备和电话电缆，这些设备都与一台桌子和内置的麦克风相连接。与此同时，罗斯福想象人们“聚在客厅里，与他们的邻居共同倾听”。曾经亲历了无数广播现场的弗朗西斯珀金斯如是写道，“当罗斯福说话的时候，他点着头，并且做出各种自然而放松的手势。他的面孔熠熠生辉，就好像真的与人们坐在一起谈话一样。”The ritual went this way: Upstairs, FDR would put the finishing touches on every word and phrase.
19、He was obsessed with punctuation. Grace Tully, his secretary, sometimes inserted extra commas when she typed, leading her boss to gently upbraid her for wasting the taxpayers commas. His real concern was timing. He read aloud at about 100 words a minute, but he adjusted his pace for effect. At 6 p.m
20、., Roosevelt had his throat sprayed for a sinus problem. Then he enjoyed cocktails and dinner.整个过程是这样进行的：在楼上，罗斯福对每个单词和短语进行最后的润色。他对标点符号非常在意，而秘书格雷斯塔利打字时有时会多打一些逗号，她的老板会因此语气和善地批评她 “浪费纳税人的逗号”。罗斯福最关心的是时间把握问题。他大声朗读的速度大约是每分钟100个单词，但是他会调整自己的速度以求得到最好的效果。下午6点钟，因为鼻窦的问题罗斯福让人帮他冲洗了喉咙，然后就开始享用鸡尾酒和晚餐了。Moments before
21、the first Fireside Chat was to air, there was a crisis. No one could find his leather-bound reading copy. Panic ensued for everyone except FDR, who calmly picked up a smudged, mimeographed copy. After sipping from a glass of water, he read the words perfectly on the air. 就在第一次炉边谈话播出前一刻，还发生了一场危机：那份用皮
22、革包边的朗读稿找不到了。大家都惊慌失措，而罗斯福则没有。他冷静地拿起一份脏兮兮的油印稿，啜饮了一点水之后，开始完美地朗读起来，并同时向全国播出。The beauty of that first prime-time radio speech was its clarity. FDR walked people through the basics of banking without being patronizing. He outlined the process for deciding which banks to open. He made everyone understand i
23、t, even the bankers, Will Rogers quipped later. 这次黄金时段的广播演讲其美妙之处在于它的清晰。罗斯福帮助人们了解了银行业的基本原理，而没有任何施恩于人的姿态。对于哪些银行要开业，他大体介绍了其决策过程。“他让每个人都清楚明白甚至包括银行家在内。”威尔罗杰斯后来打趣地说道。In the middle of the speech, Roosevelt said simply, I can assure you that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under the m
24、attress. By raising an issue that made so many feel shameful, he lifted the shameoffering listeners a way to strike a patriotic blow by simply depositing money into a solvent bank. Those who planned instead to withdraw money were gently thrown in with an unsavory lot. Hoarding, the President said, h
25、as become an exceedingly unfashionable pastime. 在演讲中，罗斯福简单地说道：“我敢向大家保证，把钱存在重新开业的银行里，比放在褥子底下要安全。”他提及了这件让很多人羞愧的事情，旨在帮助人们摆脱羞愧他告诉人们只要把钱存入有偿付能力的银行，就是一种爱国之举。而打算把钱从银行取走则被温和地指为不明智的行为。总统说，囤积，“已经成为一种极度不流行的消遣行为了。”Then he returned to themes so popular in his inaugural. Confidence and courage are the essentials
26、in carrying out our plan. Let us unite in banishing fear. We have provided the machinery to restore our financial system. Together we cannot fail. 然后他又回到在其就职演说中深受欢迎的主题。“在执行计划的过程中，信心和勇气必不可少。让我们联合起来，赶走恐惧。我们已经有了恢复金融体系的机制。只要团结起来，就不会失败的。”Jim Farley, a top political advisor, wrote that if judged by its im
27、pact, this speech may have been the greatest single utterance by an American President. No other talk ever called forth such a wave of spontaneous enthusiasm and cooperation. With 60 million people listening, the effect was immediate. The next day, Monday, March 13, newspapers reported long lines of
28、 Americans anxious to redeposit their money. The New York Stock Exchange, closed for over a week, opened 15 percent higher, the largest one-day surge in more than half a century. Within a week, most of the recently closed banks reopened. 高级政治顾问吉姆法利认为，如果以影响力作为评价标准，那么这次演讲可被认为是美国总统所做的最伟大的一次演讲了。“没有哪一次谈话
29、能够像它一样激起人们如此强烈的自发热情和合作。”6000万人同时倾听，产生的即时效果是可想而知的。第二天3月13日是个周一，报纸报道说美国人排起了长队，急切地要把钱重新存回银行。而关闭了一周多的纽约证券交易所也重新开市了，当天高开了15%，创造了半个多世纪以来的单日最大涨幅。炉边谈话后的一个星期之内，大多数最近关闭的银行都重新开业了。Gerald Ford, about 20 at the time, remembered FDRs Fireside Chats as big eventswe would all stop and listen. Ronald Reagans biograph
30、er, Lou Cannon, has written that Reagans metaphors were the offspring of FDRs. And Bill Clinton recalled hearing his grandfather talk about how he sat in rapt attention, then went to work the next day feeling a little different about the country. 当时杰拉德福特只有20岁左右，他回忆说罗斯福总统的炉边谈话是“重要的事情我们都会停下手头的事情倾听”。罗纳
31、德里根的传记作家卢坎农写道，里根的“比喻说话方式得到了罗斯福总统的遗传”。比尔克林顿也回忆说，他的祖父谈到自己当时听罗斯福的演讲时，会全神贯注，“第二天上班的时候，感觉到这个国家已经发生了变化。After the first Fireside Chat, FDR relaxed in his office. At 11:30 p.m. he said, I think its time for beer. Preparations for a bill to speed the end of Prohibition began that night. 第一次炉边谈话之后，罗斯福在办公室里稍稍放
32、松了一下。晚上11点半的时候，他说：“该喝点啤酒了。”就在那一天晚上，他开始了加速取消禁酒令的准备工作。Vocabulary1. swear swZE v. to admit someone to a particular office or position by directing them to take a formal oath 宣誓2. delivery di5livEri n. giving a speech in public 演讲3. destitute 5destitju:t adj. having no money, no food, no home etc. 困穷的4.
33、 inaugural i5nC:jurEl adj. (of an official speech) first, and marking the beginning of sth. important 就职的, 开始的5. scaffolding 5skAfEldIN n. a set of poles and boards built into a structure for workers to stand on outside of a building 脚手架6. aideeid n. sb. helping a person with an important job, esp.
34、a politician 助手, 副官7. swearing-inswZEIN-In n. making a promise to do a job correctly宣誓就职 8. suspendsEs5pend v. to officially stop something from continuing, esp. for a short time暂停 9. boltbEult v. to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across上门闩10. overwhelm5EuvE5welm v. to surprise someone very
35、 much so that they do not know how to react 使人不知所措 11. asset5Aset n. the property of a person, company, etc., esp. of value 资产12. mattress5mAtris n. the soft part of a bed to lie on床垫 13. Capitol5kApitEl n. the building in Washington D.C. where the US Congress meets国会大厦 14. restoreris5tC: v. to make
36、 something return to its former state or condition恢复 15. standoutstAndaJt adj. a person or sth. in a group much better than all the rest出色的, 杰出的 16. Congress5kCNres n. the group of people elected to make laws in the US, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives (美国等国的)国会, 议会17. execu
37、tivei5zekjutiv adj. relating to the job of managing a business or organization and making decisions行政的18. wageweidV v. to begin and continue a war, a battle, etc. 发动19. folksy5fEuksi adj. (infml.) esp. AmE friendly and informal 和气的, 无拘束的 20. scriptskript n. the written form of a speech, play, film e
38、tc.手稿, 原本 21. tenor5tenE n. a high male singing voice 男高音 22. contrived kEn5traIvd adj. seeming false and not natural人为的, 做作的23. basso profundo n. (pl. basso profundos) a deep bass sing voice 低音24. pompous5pCmpEs adj. feeling oneself better than others浮夸的 25. telecast5telikB:st n. sth. broadcast on
39、television电视广播26. bulky5bQlki adj. bigger and difficult to carry or store体积大的27. parlor5pB:lE n. (old-fashion) a room in pubic buildings to receive guests会客室28. obsess Eb5ses v. to be talking or worrying about sth. all the time 着迷 29. punctuationpQNktjJ5eIF(E)n n. the marks to divide writing into se
40、ntences, phrases, etc.标点, 标点符号30. upbraidQp5breid v. (fml.) to blame sb. having done sth. wrong责备31. timing5taimiN n. speed调速32. spraysprei v. to force liquid out of a container in a stream of very small drops喷射33. sinus5sainEs n. the spaces in the bones of ones head connected to the inside of ones
41、nose窦 34. airZE v. to broadcast a program on television or radio （用无线电，电视）播送 35. panic5pAnik n. a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness making sb. unable to think clearly 惊慌, 恐慌 36. ensuein5sju: vi. to happen after or as a result of something跟着发生 37. smudgesmQdV v. to make a dirty mark on a s
42、urface弄脏 38. mimeograph5mimiErB:f n. a copy made by using a duplicator油印品 39. prime-time n. the time in the evening with the largest number of people watching television黄金时段40. patronizing 5pAtrEnaiziN adj. showing oneself better, or more intelligent 高人一等的41. quipkwip v. to say something clever and
43、amusing 嘲弄 42. assureE5FuE v. to tell positively or confidently向保证 43. solvent5sClvEnt adj. having enough money to pay your debts有偿付能力的 44. unsavory Qn5seIvErI adj. disgusting令人讨厌的45. lot n. a group or set of people or things 一批，一类人或物 46. hoarding5hC:diN n. store贮藏 47. pastime5pB:staim n. something
44、enjoyable or interesting消遣, 娱乐48. themeWi:m n. the main subject or idea in writing, speech, film, etc. (谈话, 写作等的) 主题 49. banish5bAniF v. to try to stop thinking about something or someone消除50. utterance5QtErEns n. (fml.) something a person says说话 51. spontaneousspCn5teinjEs, -niEs adj. not planned o
45、r organized, but happening by itself 自发的, 自然产生的52. surgesE:dV n. a sudden increase in amount or number剧增53. raptrApt adj. attentive全神贯注的 Phrases and expressions1. work on:to try hard to improve or achieve something 从事于；致力于2. take down:to separate sth. into pieces拆卸3. go bust:to go bankrupt 俚破产;完蛋4.
46、wiped out:not before noun (infml.) extremely tired 精疲力竭的 5. the finishing touch: the last detail 最后一笔6. walk sb. through sth.:to help sb. learn or become familiar with sth.帮助某人了解某事7. strike a blow for sb./sth.: to help achieve an aim 帮助某人获得成功8. call forth:to produce a particular reaction 使起作用Notes1.
47、 Jonathan Alter: Jonathan Alter (1957-) is a columnist and senior editor for Newsweek magazine, where he has worked since 1983. For nearly two decades, he has written a widely acclaimed column that examines politics, media, and social and global issues. For more than a decade, he has worked as a contributing correspondent to NBC News.2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt(1882-1945), the thirty-second President of the United States (1933-1945). Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith