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1、精品文档般现在时、一般过去时时态 名称结构1 be动词用 am/is/are 表 示，之后接名 词，形容词或 介词。一般 现在 时2行为动词用 V原形或V-s/es，引导 疑问句和否 定句，用do 或don;第三 人称时用 does 或 doesn 有， does出现动词用原形；第 三人称陈述 句V后加s或es.1 . be动词用 过去式was或 were表示。一般过去2行为动词用时。V-ed，陈述句，疑问句和 否定句借助 于 did,有 did 出现动词用 原形。常连用的词ofte n; usually; every ； sometimes; always; n ever;once/twic
2、e/ a week/m on th/year; onSun days/M on days/yesterday; the day before yesterday;lastweek/m on th/year/ago;a mome nt ago; just now;on/in+ 过去的时间主要用法一般现在时 表示没有时 限的持久存 在的习惯性 的动作或状 态，或现阶段 反复发生的 动作或状态， 或一般真理在过去时间 里所发生的 动作或存在 的状态。例句陈述句：I am an office worker.He is so lazy. They are at home now. 否定句：I am no
3、t Tim.She is not very beautiful.They are not in the office. 一般疑问句： Are you an officeassista nt? Is she beautiful?陈述句：I work in Sha nghai.He works at home.Davy n ever watches TV at home. 否定句:I don t like the food in KFC.Davy doesn t like the food in KFC either. 一般疑问句：Do you want a cup of coffee? Does
4、 she live n ear thesubway stati on?陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.否定句:I was not at home at that moment. We were n ot at work yesterday.一般疑问句：Were you a teacher?Was she in the office last week?陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied En glish there. He lived inHongKong.
5、否定句:I didn t work here.They didn t see me. She liked English a l 一般疑问句：Did you go to America?Did he work in Sunmoon?般将来时、过去将来时时态 名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句一般 将来 时1任何人称+will+V 原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; soon; n ext week/m on th/year/.;即将发生 动作或状 态。陈述句：I will fly to Hong Kong tomorrow.He will go with us.
6、We will arrive in Shan ghai n ext week. 否定句:I will never believe you again.He will not come toni ght.We will not buy a car n ext year. 一般疑冋句：Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow?Will they live a five-star hotel?2 is/am/are+go ing to+V原形，表示计 划打算做什么事情。theweek/m on th/year/. after n ext;on
7、/in + 将来的时间； in+ 一段时间；.陈述句：1 m going to go to Hong Kong by air.否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般疑冋句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑问句：How are you going to tell him?过去 将来 时was/were going to +V原形多用在宾语从句中在过去将 会发生的 动作。陈述句：I was going to buy a computer. They told me that they were not g
8、oing to go abroad.（间接引语） 否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.任何人称+would +V原形He said he would come in Sha nghai. I said I would buy you a car one day.现在进行时、过去进行时时态 名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句现在 进行 时is/am/are+V -ingnow ；at prese nt; at the mome nt;Look!（放在句首）;Listen!（放在句 首）;表示现在 （指说话人 说话时）正 在发生的事 情。陈述句：I m wait
9、ing for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now. We are enjoying ourselves.否定句:He is not playing toys. 一般疑冋句:Are you having dinner at home?Is Tim cooking in the kitchen? 特殊疑问句：What are you doing now?Where are they hav ing a meal?过去 进行 时was/were+V-i ngat that time; at this time yesterday
10、; at+时间点 +yesterday/last night;at that mome nt;过去一段时 间正在发生 的事情。陈述句：1 was doing my homework at that time.We were hav ing a party while he was sleep ing.否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o clockni ght.一般疑问句：Were you watching TV at that time?特殊疑问句:What were you doing at that mome nt?现在完成时、过去完成时时态 名称结构常连用的词
11、主要用法例句现在 完成 时have/has+p.p （过去分 词）already ； just ； before; yet （否定句中）;ever ； never ；on ce/twice/ fo叶一段时间； since +时间点； sin ce+ 一段时间 +ago; by+现在时间；so far ; up to now; till now; un til now;rece ntly/lately; duri ng/over/i n the past/last用来表示之 前已发生或 完成的动作 或状态，其 结果的确和 现在有联 系。动作或 状态发生在 过去但它的 影响现在还 存在；也可 表示
12、持续到 现在的动作 或状态。陈述句：1 have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.He has lived here for n early 10 years. 否定句:I haven t finished my homework.Tim hasn t come yet.We haven tehrd any news about him 一般疑冋句:Has he worked here since he came here?特殊疑问句:How long have you worked in this compa ny?特别注意：1.
13、have/has always been+名词/形谷词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。 He has always bee n a good father.I have always bee n busy.They have always bee n in America.2. have/has gone to:去了某地（未归） He has gone to Beiji ng.They have gone to the cin ema.3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过某地I have bee n to Can ada. Have you bee n to Hong Kon
14、g?Where have you bee n? 1 have n ever bee n here.过去 完成 时had +过去分词过去的过去：by+过去的时间（在XX之前，不迟于）； 表 过去某动作或时间以 前”的时间状语。动作发生在 过去的过 去。陈述句：He said he had told Davy.（间接引语） He left the office after he had called Davy.By the end of the day we had sold over 2000 tickets.否定句:She hadn t had dinner before she went o
15、ut.一般疑冋句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?特殊疑问句:how many English words had he lear nt by the end of last year?英语时态举例Simple Prese ntSimple PastSimple Future一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时句子结构:主语+will+V.If you are hav ing problems,句子结构：主语+V句子结构:主语+V-edI will help you study En glish.如果你在学习英语当中，遇到问题，我I stud
16、y English everyday.Two years ago,将帮助你.I studied En glish in America.我每天都学习英语两年前,我在美国学英语句子结构：主语+be going to+VI going to studyEnglish nextyear.我明年将开始学习英语.Prese nt Con ti nu ousPast Continu ousFuture Con ti nu ous现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时句子结构：主语+will be+doingI will be studyingEn glish when句子结构:主语you arrive toni
17、ght.+was/were+do ing句子结构:主语+be+doingI was study ingEn glish when明晚你来的时候，我会正在学习英语.I am studying English now.句子结构：主语+be going to+be+do ingyou called yeaterday.我正在学习英语你昨天给我打电话的时候，我正在I going to be学习英语study ingEn glish whe n youarrive toni ght.同上.Prese nt Perfect现在完成时Past Perfect过去完成时Future Perfect将来完成时句
18、子结构：主语+have/has句子结构:主语+had done句子结构:主语+will+have doneI will have studiedevery tenseby the time I finish this course.在我完成这个课程的时候，我已经能done完成英语时态的学习了 .I have studied En glish inI had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S.句子结构：主语+be goingseveral differe nt coun tries.在一些国家,我已经学习了英语.在我搬去美国之前
19、，我已经学习了to+have done一点央语.I going to have studiedeveryPrese nt Perfect Con ti nu ousPast Perfect Con ti nu oustense by the time I finish this course.同上.Future Perfect Con ti nu ous现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时句子结构:主语+have/has句子结构:主语 +had been doing句子结构：主语+will have been doingI will have been studying English
20、for over threebee n doingI had been studyingEnglishhours by the time you arrive.I have been studyingEnglishfor ten years before I moved to the U.S.明晚你来的时候，我已经学习英语3for ten years.个小时了 .我已经学习英语有十年的时间了 .在我搬去美国之前，我已经学习了 十年的英语了.句子结构:主语+be going to havebee n doingI m going to have been study ing En glish f
21、or over threehours by the time you arrive同上.详细讲解-一般现在时通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，用现单三形式。动词be和have(表示 拥有”各人称的单数形式为：第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数Have HaveHaveHasBeAmArei s一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：动词be与have (表示拥有”)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主 语之前，见下表：否定式&疑问式BeHaveBeHaveI am not (I m not) I have not (haven t) Am i ? Have
22、i ？You are not (aren t) You have not (haven t) Are you ?Haveyou ？He is not (isn t) He has not (hasn t) Is he ? Has he ？动词be的否定疑问式和简单回答:否定疑问式肯定回答否定回答Am I not (are nAre you not (are nIs he not (is nt i) ?Yes, you are.t you) Yes, I am.t he) Yes, he is.No, you aren tNo, I m not.No, he isn t动词be与have(表示
23、拥有”：)否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表：否定式疑问式BeHaveBeHaveI am not (I m not) I have not (have nt)Am i？Have I ？You are not (aren t)You have not(haven t)Are you ?Haveyou ？He is not (isn t)-He has not (has nt)Is he-?Has he ？动词have（表示 拥有”）的否定疑问式和简单回答:否定疑问式肯定回答否定回答Have I not (have nt i)Yes, you have.No,
24、you haven t.Have you not (have nt you)?Yes, I have.No, I haven tHas he not (has nt he)?Yes, he has.No, he hasn t.注意：have作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化。行为动词（以study为例）一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答（注意要加助动词do/does） 否定式疑问式I do not （don t） study Do I studyYou do not （don t） study Do you studyHe does not （doesn t） study Does h
25、e study否定疑问句式简单回答（肯定/否定）Do I not (Dont I) studyYes, 1 do. No, I don t.Do you not (Dont you) studyYes, you do. No, you don t.Does he not (Doesn t he) studyYfes, he does. No, he doesn t.详细讲解-现在进行时、一般过去时由助动词be +现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，有三种形式：第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is,其他用are。现在进行时的否定式是：直接在助动词be后面加上not；疑问式是：把助动词be
26、提到主语之前。以study为例：否定式 疑问式I am not study ing Am I study ing?You are not study ing.Are you study ing?He is not study ing.Is he study ing?一般过去时一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词 do的过去式did,同时注意实义动词要用原形。以 study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答 形式如下：否定式 疑问式I did not (didn t) studyDid I -study？You did not (didn t) stu
27、dyDid youstudy ？He did not (didn t) studyDid he study ？否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Did I not (Di dn t I) study-es, you did. No, you didn t.Di you not (Didn t you) study Yes?id. No, I didn t.Did he not (Didn t he) study Yes, hedid. No, he didn t.详细讲解-过去进行时、过去完成时过去进行时由助动词be的过去式+现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单数用 was，
28、其他用were.1） 过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去 进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如：This time yesterday, we were hav ing an En glish less on.昨天这个时候，我们正在上英语课。The teacher was givi ng us a less on whe n Tom walked into the room.老师在给我们上课时，汤姆走进教室。While we were hav ing supper, all the lights went out.我们吃饭的时候，灯灭了。He was
29、reading while she was setti ng the table.她摆桌子时，他在读书。It was gett ing dark. The wind was rising.天渐渐黑下来了。风势增强了。2）过去进行时动词常用always, contin ually, freque ntly 等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为。 这种用法表明带有的感情色彩。例如：The two brothers were freque ntly quarreli ng whe n they were young.两兄弟小时候常吵架。In Qi ng Dyn asty, Chi na was alwa
30、ys maki ng con cessi ons to western powers. 清朝时，中国总 是对西方列强妥协。过去完成时一律用had +过去分词构成。用法：1 ）表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情，即过去的过去”用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的，先 发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。例如：She told me she had been there three times before.她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。（去过”发生在告诉”之前）How long had he taught here by
31、the end of last term?到上学期末为止，他在这里教学多长时间啦？（教学”发生在上学期末结束之前）When we arrived, the football match had already begu n.我们到的时候，足球赛已经开始了。She had visited China twice before she came this year.她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。2）过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。例如：By the middle of last mon th, I had lived
32、in Beiji ng for five years.到上月中旬，我已在北京住了五年了。By six o clock they had worked for eight hours.到六点为止，他们已工作八小时了。Whe n I came to Sha nghai, he had bee n there for a long time.我至 U上海时，他在那里很长时间了。3 ）过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气，我们以后会详细讲述。4）此外，过去完成时常用于 no soonerthan 和 hardly（scarcely） when这两个句型， 前面部分用过去完成时，后面部分用一般过去时。
33、例如：No sooner had he stole n the purse tha n he was caught red-ha nded. = He had no sooner stole n the purse tha n he was caught red-ha nded.他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获。Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happe ning whe n he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意
34、识至 U在发生什 么事情就被抓获了。详细讲解-过去完成进行时、一般将来时过去完成进行时had bee n + 动词的现在分词。用法：表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作，此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束（可以从 上下文看出）。这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用。例如：When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他进来的时候，我 一直在努力修理电视机好几个小时了The roads were dan gerous. It had bee n raining for two whole days.道
35、路很危险。雨一直下了两整天。They were tired because they had bee n digg ing since daw n.他们累了，因为从天亮开始他们就一直在挖。The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike. He had bee n hop ing for one for a longtime.那男孩得到一辆新山地自行车很高兴。很长时间来他一直希望有一辆。一般将来时一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式：（1）shall/will + 动词原形表示单纯的将来，不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I
36、, we用shall或will，其余用will.其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I shall/will n ot studyS hall I study？You will not study.Will you study？He will not study .Will he study ？否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）Shall I not (sha nWill you not (WonWill he not (Wont i) studyYes? you will. No, you wont you) study Yes, I shall /will. No, I shan
37、t he) study-Yf?s, he will. No, he wont.t.t/won t.例如:I shall be twenty years old n ext year . 我明年二十岁。The sky is black. I thi nk it will rain.天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。You will meet him at the stati on this after noon.你下午会在车站碰到他。The train will arrive soon.火车快要至 U 了。When shall we see you next time?我们下次什么时候能看见你呢?He
38、 probably wont go with us他大概不能和我们一起去。注意:1）shall, will 的缩写形式为ll如 I ll, you 和卩hshe 等I。2） will用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等；shall用于第二、三人 称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如：I will give you a new pen for your birthday.我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。（允诺）I will take the college entrance exami natio n.我将参加大学入学考试。（决心）Shall I ope n the wi n
39、dow?我打开窗户好吗？（征求允诺）You shall have the book as soon as I get it.我一拿到书就给你。（说话人的允诺）The enemy shall not pass.决不让敌人通过。（说话人的保证）I will do my best to help you.我愿意尽力帮助你。（意愿）Nobody shall be late for the meeti ng.任何人开会都不能迟到。（说话人的命令）（2） be going + 动词不定式1）这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：My brother is goin
40、g to learn En glish n ext year . 我哥哥准备明年学英语。I am going to meet Tom at the stati on at six.我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。She is n ot goi ng to be there. 她不会到那儿去的。When are you goi ng to fin ish your work?你的工作什么时候做完？He is going to stay a week.他准备呆一星期。We are going to call a meeti ng to discuss it.我们准备开个会来讨论一下。2 ）这种结构还可
41、以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如:Look at these black clouds ? it is going to rain. 看这些乌云？ 要下雨了。I thi nk it is going to snow.我看要下雪。I am afraid I am goi ng to have a bad cold. ?恐怕我要得重感冒。详细讲解-将来进行时将来进行时shall/will be + 现在分词用法：将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作。This time next week we shall be worki ng in that factory
42、.下星期这时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be gett ing breakfast for me.当我明天早晨起床时，我妈妈将在为我准备早饭。I will be seei ng him n ext mon th.我下个月将要见他。Tomorrow we will be goi ng to the village fair.?我 们明天去赶集。We will be tak ing our holiday at the seaside in July.七月份我们要去海边度假。般将来时与将来进行时都表示将来，
43、那么如何区别一般将来时和将来进行时呢？将来进行时 不表示个人意愿，强调主观上感觉某事即将发生，并对这一事情有着期待，感情色彩较浓，强 调动作。一般将来时主要是对某一事情即将发生做一个事实性的说明或陈述，强调事实或意愿。详细讲解-过去将来时、将来完成时过去将来时（1 ）由should/would + 动词原形构成。第一人称用 should;第二、三人称用 would。美国英 语所有人称一律用 would. should/would 的简略形式为d如 I dyou d;would not 和 should not的简略形式分别为 wouldn 和shouldn t.（2）过去将来时表示从过去某时间
44、看将要发生的事情，多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。如：They asked me if I would go to Gua ngzhou soo n.他们问我是否很快要去广州。She told me she would come aga in n ext week.她和我说她下周还来。I told him to leave immediately, but he would n 我告诉他马上离开，但他不。He d play the violin whe n he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候，就拉小提琴。When I was in college, I would find a part-time job duri ng the summer holidays every year to earn my tuitio n.我上大学的时候，每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费。（3 ）其他表示过去将来时的结构：将来完成时shall/will + have +过去分词用法：将来完成时动词主要表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前完成的动作，这一动 作也可能继续进行。例如：By seven o clock thiteiarfoon we shall have got to Shanghai