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1、专题二十完形填空之议论文和说明文类1.【 2015 广东】完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115 各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the humanbody is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest thatanyone c
2、ould hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists evensay we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_.They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we can t live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever befor
3、e. In 1900, theaverage American life span ( 寿命 ) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middleage and old age. After all, many older people don begint to experience physical and mental_7_ until after age 75.Peop
4、le are living longer because more people _8_ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that thechances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our po
5、pulation is getting older. The _11_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes willbe for the worse, wh ile some see _12_, not disaster, many men and women in their“ goldenyears ” are healthy, still active, and young in _1
6、3_ if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives aheadof them, they need to _15_ active and devoted.1.A. designedB. selectedC. improvedD. discovered2.A. completelyB. generallyC. apparentlyD. extremely3.A. rapidlyB. harmlesslyC. endlesslyD. separately
7、4.A. eventuallyB. hopelesslyC. automaticallyD. desperately5.A. busierB. longer C. richerD. happier16.A. finishingB. guiding C. waitingD. dividing7.A. stressB. damage C. declineD. failure8.A. surviveB. enjoy C. rememberD. value9.A. problemsB. fears C. worriesD. diseases10.A. poorB. young C. sickD. qu
8、iet11.A. changesB. recoveryC. safetyD. increases12.A. dreamsB. chances C. strengthsD. choices13.A. mindB. appearanceC. voiceD. movement14.A. protectionB. suggestionsC. contributionsD. permission15.A. soundB. appear C. turnD. stay2已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D 。7.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75 岁之后才开
9、始经历身体和精神的衰落。 stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏； decline 衰落，衰弱；failure 失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75 岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存； enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得； value 价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和 the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care 可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原
10、因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A 。9.D 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见3的儿童疾病。 problems 问题； fears 恐惧，害怕； worries 担心； diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D 。10.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了， 因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的； young 年轻的； sick 病的； quiet安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dyin
11、g young 就是年少死去。故选B 。11.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变； recovery 恢复； safety 安全； increases 增长，增加。根据下文中 Some people fear such changes will可 知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A 。12.B 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想； chances 机会； strengths 力量； choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中
12、的while表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B 。13.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄 ”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态； appearance 外表； voice 声音； movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A 。14.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。 protection 保护； suggestions 建议； contributions贡献； permission 允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也
13、要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。15.D 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。 sound 听起来； appear 好像；出现； turn 转，变成； stay 保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了， 因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态， 为我们的社会做贡献。 故应选D。【考点定位】社会现象类短文。【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题，主要考查学生名词、形容词、 动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析，同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。 学生要在理解短文大意的基础上，对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析，同时还需要注意上
14、下文的暗示，选出最符合文意的一项。2.【 2015 重庆】 B4Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28, your body clock isconfused. You re sleepy all day, but when it s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviouslyyou are 29jet lag （时差反应） .Travelers havetraditionally foughtthis30withsleeping pil
15、lsor alcohol.There areactually healthier ways that can work just as 31.For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start32your biological block to thedestinationtimes. Ifit daytimes in your destination,tryto stay33. Walkingaround thecabin（客舱） can be of help. When it s nighttime, try to sleep. I
16、n that case, eatthebeforeflight,34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new35ofsleep and wakefulness.28.A. flightB. changeC. demandD. climate29.A. suffering fromB. working onC. looking intoD. leading to30.A. dangerB. problemC. wasteD. fear31.A. brieflyB.
17、slowlyC. suddenlyD. effectively32.A. checkingB. sendingC. adjustingD. stopping33.A. awakeB. aloneC. hungryD. calm34.A. thoughB. soC. wholeD. or35.A. understandingB. cycleC. researchD. trend【解析】试题分析：本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。28.B考查名词辨析。A flight 航班；B change 变化；C demand 要求；D climate 气候；句意： 慢慢地对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混
18、淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B 项。29.A考查动词短语辨析sufferfrom 遭受战争破坏的work on从事于； look into 调查；lead to 导致；根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A 项。30.B考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性B problem问题在于C waste 浪费者D fear 恐惧；句意：游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B 项。31.D考查副词辨析。A briefly简洁地址B slowly 慢慢地址C suddenly 突然地址Deffectively 有效地；句意：这有几种健康的方法，并且很有
19、效。根据语境可知选D 项。32.C考查动词辨析。 A checking检查员B sending 送到C adjusting 调整结构D stopping5停止播送句意：比如，在上飞机前，开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjustto把。调整到，故选 C 项。33.A考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm 句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。 Stay awake 保持清醒，故选A 项。34.D考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此B so 因此次C while 虽然如此D or否则；句意：在这种情况下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or
20、 表示转折，故选D 项。35.B考查名词辨析。 A Understanding明白的B cycle 圈； C research 研究； D trend 趋势；句意：这些建议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B 项。【考点定位】日常生活类短文【名师点睛】本篇完形从日常生活中的细节入手，根据常识能够得出答案如28， 33 空。 29和 31 根据语境得出答案，做此类题目时， 考生可以先根据选项来阅读文章，认真筛选甄别，这样有的放矢， 大大提高阅读的效率，不可盲目地跟着感觉来进行解读，文中的每句话都有其出现的意义，上下文的联系是十分重要的。3.Directions: For each blank i
21、n the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine theirmeaning, you would not detect interest in romance among th
22、e artists.51, you would seeplenty of animals with people running after them.Life for ancient people s earned to center onhunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more52inpeople s lives. The 53is all around us. It is easy to
23、 prepare a list of modern stories having todo with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highlyvalued emotional state, can be54.They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all ab
24、out clean teeth,but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You haveprobably heard that opposites attract but that55attract, too. One thing is certain: The truthabout love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the56of attraction, researcher
25、s paired 164 college classmates andhad them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other s individuality. T6students were asked to57what kind of relationship they were likelyto build with theirpartners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their58jud
26、gments often held true. Students seemed to59at anearly stage who would best fit into their lives.The60KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Manyanimals give off pheromones natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce aresponse in, o
27、ther animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is eitherready to fight or is feeling61to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be
28、 aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something wefindattractive. Researchers had people judge faces for63. The
29、 participants had 0.013seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as peoplewho had more time to study the same faces. The way we64attractiveness seem to besomewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people r
30、esponded to65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51.A. InsteadB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise52.A. romanticB. stressfulC. centralD. artificial53.A. priorityB. proofC. possibilityD. principle54.A. testedB. impressedC. changedD.
31、 created55.A. appearancesB. virtuesC. similaritiesD. passions56.A. illustrationsB. implicationsC. ingredientsD. intentions57.A. predictB. investigateC. diagnoseD. recall758.A. criticalB. initialC. randomD. mature59.A. memorizeB. distinguishC. negotiateD. question60.A. NoseB. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61.A
32、. openB. alertC. resistantD. superior62.A. disappointedB. amazedC. confusedD. gifted63.A. emotionB. attractivenessC. individualityD. signals64.A. enhanceB. possessC. maintainD. assess65.A. familiarB. plainC. positiveD. irritating【解析】试题分析： 古代和现代的人追求不同， 现代人追求的是爱， 但是科学家依然对爱还不是很清楚。51.A考查副词以及对语境的理解Instea
33、d 意为相反， Therefore 意为因此，Moreover意为此外，Otherwise意为否则。 观察空格前后的句式结构，可以前面用的是you would notdetect 后,面用的是you would see，使用的动词不同，结构相同。由于前面有not，后面没有，所以可知此处表达为意思相反，所以答案为A 。52. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解romantic 意为浪漫的， stressful 意为压力的，central 意为中心的，artificial意为人工的。根据上一句话“ life for ancient people seemed tocenter on hunting 及
34、本”句的 “ In modern times, finding love is ，分析语境，”知道这两个句子是把古代和现代的情况进行对比。前一句用了center ,后一句用central, 两者的关系是同根重现。53. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解priority 意为优先权， proof 意为证明， possibility 意为可能性， principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是：很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子，所以答案为proof.54.D考查动词以及对语境的理
35、解tested 意为测试， imposed 意为强加， changed 意为改变， created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love isnot yet set in stone.确定了一件事情是：爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造， 而不应该是测试， 改变或者是强加。 其中 set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉 ”，表示绝对不变。855.C考查名词以及对语境的理解appearances 意为外表， virtues 意为美德， similarities意为相似， passion
36、s 意为激情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而 opposites 意为相反的，所以答案为相似的。56. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 illustrations 意为说明， implications 意为含义； 暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响， ingredients 意为成分， intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题 First Impression （第一印象）以及后面所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。57. A 考查动词以及对语境的理解predict 意为预测， investigate 意为调查， diagnos
37、e 意为诊断，recall 意为回忆。根据58 题后面的judgment ( 判断 )，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后面的句子“after nine weeks, they reported what happened.9周之后，报道发生了什么事情？”可以知道这一些是还没有发生的事情，也就是预测到的东西。58. B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解critical 意为 批评的 ， initial 意为原始的 ，random 意为随意的，mature 意为成熟的。根据第57 题预测的东西，那么预测的东西相对而言就是原始的，最初的判断。59. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解memo
38、rize 意为记忆， distinguish 意为区别，negotiate意为谈判，question 意为疑问。 根据前一句话的意思“结果证明他们最初的判断是正确的 ”，该句要表达的意思和前一句相同，也就是说 “学生似乎能够在早期区别适合他们的生活人 ”。965. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解familiar 意为熟悉， plain 意为普通的， positive 意为积极的，irritating意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems tocause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive 积极的。【考点定位】这是一篇说明文，阐述什么是爱？【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解 4 个单词的选项， 尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方，如 test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如58 题和 59 题；要关注小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文，留意那些涉及到重现的题目。10