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1、内蒙古科技大学本科生毕业设计英文翻译学生姓名：xxx学 号：xxx专 业：过程装备与控制工程班 级：装备xx-2班指导教师：xxEfficient compound plate in Carbonating Tower Abstract: Efficient composite plate using a sieve and thin-layer composite structure of the structured packing, there are two types of composite fillings orifice and DJ type plate composite
2、fillings. The composite structure make full use of the space between the plate and improve the gas-liquid distribution of the tower, inhibited entrainment in the cubicle, to improve the operating flexibility, and has an excellent hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer properties. Wearing a flow-
3、type composite plate to substitution the Linde blister and the general sieve or valve trays in the Rectisol the methanol distillation column to improve the separation efficiency of more than 20 percent, an increase of processing capacity, reducing the reflux ratio. Improve the corrosion problem. Sav
4、e the energy consumption of the system. Wear a flow-type composite plate also successfully applied to the methanol production plant distillation column system. In methanol three tower distillation column, the crude distillation tower and the rectifying section pressure distillation column flow throu
5、gh the composite plate, stripper segment flux elastic good DJ type composite plate to achieve the best combination to meet the requirements of the tower operating conditions.Keywords: plate; efficiency compound; methanol; distillation; application1. Introduction Plate column has developed hundreds o
6、f types, such as sieve, float valve, fixed valve VST. Regardless of what kind of plate must have a certain amount of plate spacing, can be separated to ensure that the liquid smooth obscene, gas entrained entrainment. Over the last decade, the reasonable use of the space between the plate and become
7、 an issue of concern. Among them, the composite filler technology has developed rapidly in the tray. Miller, Chuang, in the rectangular down tube plate composite filler layer, particularly large opening rate of the sieve in a partial cross-flow that is 20% 70% of the leakage state work. Chuang also
8、downcomer pipe on both sides of openings to allow liquid filler layer from the side of the shed. Are part of the cross-flow plate. Control tray weeping and overflow downcomers amount of fluid has some difficulties. Operational district, operating flexibility. This article describes the performance o
9、f these two compound trays and their application in the methanol distillation.2 wear a flow-type composite plate2.1 wear the structural characteristics of the flow composite plate Wear a flow-type composite plate orifice add a layer high as 50 to 150 coffee structured packing combination, shown in F
10、igure l.Plate spacing of the composite plate than the average plate small, about 300 to 450 mm, no downcomers. Wear flow plate sieve type, valve type. The mesh can be created can also be unevenly opened, or opening of different sizes different aperture. Experimental studies have shown that the simpl
11、est uniform opened sieve plate, you can obtain a uniform liquid layer and the gas-liquid contact condition.Fig.1 复合塔板2.2 wear the hydrodynamic performance of flow composite plate Wear a flow-type composite plate with a complementary good hydrodynamic performance. Embodied in the following aspects: a
12、) composite filler layer has become a gas distribution plate. Wall-flow effect, wear the uneven distribution of gas flow plate, resulting in uneven panel liquid layer thickness and flow distribution. Which is caused by cross-flow tray efficiency is not the main reason. Composite fillings, the struct
13、ured packing of cross-cutting channels separated by the gas to be re-distribution, thereby eliminating the difference of the board of the liquid layer thickness. b) composite filler layer played a trap entrainment. Entrainment is an important factor affecting tray efficiency The Colburn associated w
14、ith expression of the entrainment affect the efficiency of the quantitative relationship:For example, in the distillation column, the reflux ratio R = 2, the liquid-gas ratio is 2/3, entrainment flooding point was 80%, ie 0.08 kg per kilogram of gas entrained liquid, when the dry plate efficiency of
15、 85%only 77.1% of the total entrainment effects of wet-plate efficiency. That the loss of nearly 8% efficiency. Visible, the impact of entrainment on distillation plate efficiency. General distillation tray design, in order to reduce entrainment, the limiting aperture and gas speed to ensure adequat
16、e plate spacing. Composite filler layer, entrainment declined sharply. Figure 2 shows the comparison of the experimentally determined with and without compound packing sieve mist entrainment amount. Therefore, the small plate spacing than the general plate wear flow-type composite plate more than 30
17、%. Fig.2 雾沫夹带对比曲线c) orifice and a thin layer of filler layer of liquid distribution. The liquid distribution of the filler layer is very critical, and general requirements for liquid distribution can provide a distribution point in more than 100 per square meter. Per square meter on the sieve at lea
18、st l 000 sieve, press half of the liquid channel per square meter of 500 points. Seen wearing a flow-type compound tray filler layer have the best liquid distribution.2.3 wear the mass transfer performance of streaming composite plateWearing a flow-type composite plate gas-liquid mass transfer can b
19、e divided into trays of bubble zone, gas-liquid contact area of structured packing and packing the space below the shower down the three districts. Shown in Figure 3. Fig.3 复合塔板的操作状态示意 l-穿流筛板；2-规整填料；3-鼓泡区；4-淋降区 5-液膜区Excellent hydrodynamic performance of flow through composite plate can be inferred.
20、The mass transfer area in the state of the gas-liquid contact and backmixing less good mass transfer. By distillation experimental study showed that: wearing a flow-type compound tray than tray efficiency of 30% to 50%. Figure 4 shows the comparison of wear of the mass transfer efficiency of the flo
21、w-type composite plate with the general sieve. Wearing a flow-type composite plate-plate efficiency is generally 90% to 100% at the peak of the efficiency curve up to 110%. Among them, the Tower board foam layer and the filler layer contribution to the mass transfer of more than 90% of, pouring down
22、 areas are generally played 10% of the mass transfer.3 DJ type composite plate3.1 DJ type structural characteristics of the composite plate DJ tray is a multi-downcomer trays, depending on the size of the liquid load, you can set one or more root rectangular downcomer. Downcomer arranged trays middl
23、e, downcomers of adjacent trays each other into a 90 arrangement. Around the downcomer overflow periphery. Overflow weir than the average plate 2-5 times as long. Downcomer suspension in the gas space. By the liquid area openings bubbling. By the liquid zone outside of the DJ tray is also equipped w
24、ith a spoiler, in order to improve the flow patterns of liquid, the liquid residence time distribution is more uniform. Set in the DJ tray of liquid anti-shock device leakage, reducing the short-circuit caused by the impact of leakage. Figure 5 shows the basic structure of the DJ tray. Figure 6 is a
25、 pre-assembled photos of the DJ tray.Fig.4 穿流复合塔板效率曲线Fig.5 DJ型塔板的结构Fig.6 DJ型塔板照片Air composite filler technology used in the DJ tray, constitute a composite plate shown in Figure 7 DJ 1 (also known as DJ-3 trays). Complex homes to fill defense packed in specially designed packing basketpull Xuan fixe
26、d in the tray below, fill baskets and trays to leave some space. liquid are all basically from the downcomer overflow composite fillings from the inhibition of the fog Zhu entrainment and improve the role of gas distribution. Fig.7 DJ型复台塔板3 .2 DJs Complex praise plate performance features DJ type co
27、mpound tray load characteristic diagram of the expression of the hydrodynamic performance. Shown in Figure 8. Fig.8 DJ型塔板负荷性能Since the hanging downcomer bottom of the downcomer can not all be open to the seal plate. By optimizing the area of the closure panel opening, it is necessary to ensure that
28、the liquid unimpeded. Reduce the flow resistance. But also to ensure that the liquid seal does not brag gas. Difficulties of this, more than one downcomer self-styled line in Figure 7. Normal operating area in the right of self-styled line. Lower limit ignorant of the leakage line, there are a self-
29、styled line of operation. Operation of lower resistance leakage line and self-styled line, whichever is Operating cap-and-plate is no different, but also the downcomer flooding lines and excessive entrainment line. Because composite fillings inhibit entrainment, Figure 8, the excessive entrainment l
30、ine is much higher than the downcomer flooding line. The upper control limit of the tray downcomer flooding line. DJ type composite plate with high-throughput characteristics of the general well-type tower Ying and air composite fillings bring greater efficiency and greater operational flexibility.
31、Figure 9 shows a fog soo entrainment compared with and without composite fillings. Figure 10 shows the measured for ethanol, a water system in the heat mold device 300 without compound filler tray efficiency comparison. See Figure cho. Composite fillings can greatly reduce the amount of entrainment
32、can improve the tray efficiency of 10% to 15%. Can also see the figure, a particularly high efficiency in the operation the lower end, which indicates that when the When sieve random leakage, composite fillings provide a further gas-liquid mass transfer. Fig.9加与不加复合填料的雾沫夹带对比 Fig.10加与不加复合填料的塔板效率4 Con
33、clusion a) wear a flow-type composite plate thin layer of structured packing compound in the tray below. Effective use of the gas space between the tray. Cross-flow plate is equivalent to the liquid distribution of the filler layer. Play a uniform distribution of liquid mass transfer improve the pac
34、king layer; the fill and play gas distribution role. Improve the trays of bubbling, strengthen the of Trays bubbling layer mass transfer; filler layer inhibits the entrainment plate Q, reducing the back-mixing between the board, to improve the tray efficiency. Compared with the general tray, tray ef
35、ficiency can be increased by 30% to 50%, plate spacing decreased by 30%, is currently the most efficient plate. b) The DJ will be DJ type plate with the thin layer of filler composite with filler layer inhibits the entrainment. Improve the gas distribution. DJ type composite DJ tray and high-through
36、put features, have air composite filler efficiency and operating flexibility advantages, but also has high-throughput, high efficiency, high flexibility, a good plate. c) Higher composite plate used in a large fertilizer Rectisol device methanol distillation column and methanol production plant dist
37、illation column system was a big success.References1 Miller, et al. Apparatua for contacting a liquid with a gas P, United Statent; US005244604, 19932 Chuang, et al. Multiple dowNncomerfractionation tray having packing between downcomer P, United States Patent: US005366666, 19943 Yao Kejian, wish be
38、ll Yu, total built-bing, etc. The development of the composite plate and its industrial applications J. Petrochemical, 2000,29 (10) :772-7754 Xiao-Mei Yu, Tian Jun, Zhu Jinzhong. Air composite filler plate P, the Chinese invention patent at: ZL97103868, 6.19995 Xiao-Mei Yu, Zhu bell Yu, Yao Kejian.
39、Plate fillers absorb application stabilizer Department. J. Petrochemical, 2003,32 (4): 321 324高效复合型塔板及其在碳化塔中的应用摘要：高效复合型塔板采用筛板和薄层规整填料的复合结构，有穿流筛板复合填料和DJ型塔板复合填料两种型式。复合结构充分利用了塔板间的空间，改善了塔内的气液分布，抑制了板间雾沫夹带，提高了操作弹性，具有优良的流体力学性能和传质性能。穿流型复合塔板在低温甲醇洗的甲醇精馏塔中成功地代换了林德泡罩和一般筛板或浮阀塔板，提高了分离效率20以上，增加了处理能力，降低了回流比。改善了腐蚀问题。
40、节省了系统的能耗。穿流型复合塔板还成功地应用于甲醇生产装置的精馏塔系中。在甲醇三塔精馏塔系中，粗馏塔和加压精馏塔的精馏段采用穿流型的复合塔板，而提馏段则采用通量大弹性好的DJ型复合塔板，实现了最佳的组合，满足了塔内操作工况的要求。关键词：塔板；高效复合；甲醇；精馏；应用1引言板式塔已发展了上百种型式，如筛板、浮阀、固定阀、垂直筛板等。不论哪一种塔板都必须有一定的板间距，以保证液体通畅下流，气体夹带的雾沫得以分离。近十几年来，如何合理利用塔板间的空间，成为大家关注的问题。其中，在塔板下复合填料的技术发展很快。Miller、Chuang等在矩形降液管塔板下复合填料层，采用特别大的开孔率，使筛板处于
41、部分穿流即2070的漏液状态下工作。Chuang还在降液管两侧开孔，让液体从侧面流人填料层。由于都是部分穿流的塔板。控制塔板的漏液量和溢流人降液管的液量有一定难度。可操作区比较窄，操作弹性小。本文将介绍这两种复合型塔板的性能以及它们在甲醇精馏中的应用。2 穿流型复合塔板21 穿流型复合塔板的结构特点穿流型复合塔板由穿流筛板下加一层高为50150咖的规整填料组合而成，如图l所示。复合塔板的板间距比一般塔板小，约为300450 mm，不设降液管。穿流塔板可以是筛孔型的，也可以是阀型的。筛孔可以均匀开设，也可以不均匀开设，或开设大小不同的异孔径。实验研究表明，最简单的均匀开设的筛孔型塔板，就可以获得
42、很均匀的液层和良好的气液接触状况。图1 复合塔板22穿流型复合塔板的流体力学性能穿流型复合塔板具有互补的优良的流体力学性能。具体体现在如下几个方面：a)复合填料层成了塔板的气体分布器。由于壁流效应的影响，穿流塔板的气体分布不均匀，因而导致板上液层厚度和液流分布的不均匀。这也是造成穿流塔板效率不高的主要原因。复合填料后，规整填料相互交叉的分隔通道使气体得到重新分布，从而消除了板上液层厚度的差异。b)复合填料层起到了捕集雾沫夹带的作用。雾沫夹带是影响塔板效率的重要因素，Colburn关联表达了雾沫夹带影响效率的定量关系：例如在精馏塔中，回流比R=2，则液气比为23，若雾沫夹带泛点率为80，即每千克
43、气体夹带0.08 kg液体，当干板效率为85时，计人雾沫夹带影响的湿板效率就只有77.1。也即损失了近8的效率。可见，雾沫夹带对精馏板效的影响很大。一般精馏塔板设计时，为了降低雾沫夹带，要限制孔径和气速，保证足够的板间距。复合填料层后，雾沫夹带急剧下降。图2表示了实验测定的加与不加复合填料的筛板雾沫夹带量对比。因此，穿流型复合塔板的板间距可比一般塔板小30以上。 图2 雾沫夹带对比曲线c)穿流筛板成为薄层填料层的液体分布器。填料层的液体分布是十分关键的，一般要求液体分布器能提供每平方米100个以上的分布点。而筛板上每平方米至少有l 000个以上的筛孔，按一半为液体通道计，每平方米也有500个点
44、。可见，穿流型复合塔板的填料层有最优良的液体分布。2.3 穿流型复合塔板的传质性能穿流型复合塔板的气液传质可分为塔板上的泡沫区、规整填料层内的气液接触区和填料下面空间的淋降区3个区如图3所示。图3复合塔板的操作状态示意l-穿流筛板；2-规整填料；3-鼓泡区；4-淋降区 5-液膜区根据穿流型复合塔板优良的流体力学性能，可以推论每个传质区都处于气液均匀接触和返混少的优良传质状态。通过精馏实验研究表明：穿流型复合塔板可比一般塔板的效率提高3050。图4表示了穿流型复合塔板与一般筛板的传质效率对比。穿流型复合塔板的总板效率一般为90100，效率曲线的高峰处可达110。其中，塔板上的泡沫层和填料层对传质
45、的贡献达90以上，淋降区一般起到10的传质作用。 图4穿流复合塔板效率曲线3 DJ型复合塔板3.1 DJ型复合塔板的结构特点DJ塔板是一种多降液管塔板，根据液体负荷的大小，可设置一根或多根矩形降液管。降液管布置在塔板中间，相邻塔板的降液管互成90排列。由于降液管四周都是溢流周边。溢流堰比一般塔板要长25倍。降液管悬挂在气相空间受液区也开孔鼓泡。在DJ塔板的受液区外侧还装有导流板，以改善液体的流动模式，使液体停留时间分布更为均匀。在DJ塔板的受液区设置防冲击漏液装置，减少因冲击漏液造成的短路。图5表示了DJ塔板的基本结构。图6是预组装DJ塔板的照片。 图5 DJ型塔板的结构图6 DJ型塔板照片将
46、空中复合填料技术应用于DJ塔板，构成了如图7所示的DJ型复合塔板”1(也称为DJ一3型塔板)。复舍填辩装在特制的填料筐中，用拉轩固定在塔板下面，填料筐与塔板间留有一定的空间。液体基本上全都从降液管溢流复合填料主要起抑制雾洙夹带和改善气体分布的作用。 图7 DJ型复台塔板3.2 DJ型复夸塔板的性能特点DJ型复合塔板的负荷性能图表达了它的流体力学性能。如图8所示。 图8 DJ型塔板负荷性能由于是悬挂式降液管，降液管底部不能全敞开，要加封板。在封板上开孔的面积要通过优化，既要保证液体畅通降低流动阻力又要能保证液封不谝气。困此，在图7中就多了一条降液管自封线。正常操作区应在自封线以右也即操作下限昧漏
47、液线2以外，还有一条自封线6。操作的下限阻漏液线和自封线的高者为准。操作上限与一般塔板无异，也是降液管液泛线和过量雾沫夹带线。由于复合填料抑制了雾沫夹带，使图8中的过量雾沫夹带线远高于降液管液泛线。此塔板的控制上限是降液管液泛线。DJ型复合塔板具有一般阱型塔楹的高通量特性，并具有空中复合填料带来的更高的效率和更大的操作弹性。图9表示了加与不加复合填料的雾洙夹带对比。图10表示了在300热模装置中对乙醇一水物系测得的加与不加复合填料的塔板效率对比。由图町见。复合填料后可大大降低雾沫夹带量，可提高塔板效率1015。图中还可看到，在操作下限附近有特别高的效率，这表明当筛板随机漏液时，复合填料提供了气液的进一步传质。 图9加与不加复合填料的雾沫夹带对比 图10加与不加复合填料的塔板效率4 结语a)穿流型复合塔板将薄层规整填料复合在塔板下面有效地利用了塔板间的气相空间。穿流塔板相当于填料层的液体分布器。起到均匀分布液相的作用，改善了填料层中的传质；填料层起到气体再分布作用改善了塔板上的鼓泡，强化了塔板上鼓泡层的传质效果；填料层抑制