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1、诗歌鉴赏之送别诗教案江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 诗词鉴赏之送别诗教案 教学目的: 1、知识与技能 学生在大量阅读送别诗的前提下总结归纳这一类型诗歌的特征，包括常见意象、意境特点，把握送别诗的主要思想感情。 2、过程与方法 课前记诵，拓展诗歌阅读面，增加古诗词的积累，培养古诗阅读语感; 讨论归纳，体现学生自主学习能力; 自主命题，提高学生学生综合解题能力和思考能力。 3、情感态度与价值观 感受古典诗歌尤其是送别诗的幽深之美，珍惜人与人之间的相聚时光。 教学重点、难点: 送别诗特征归纳，思想情感的理解; 常见命题形式与答题形式。 课时安排: 2课时 教学过程及内容: 一、课前
2、诵读内容 (一)送别诗集锦 1、丹阳送韦参军 严维 丹阳郭里送行舟，一别心知两地秋。 日晚江南望江北，寒鸦飞尽水悠悠。 、淇上送赵仙舟 王维 2相逢方一笑，相送还成泣。 祖帐已伤离，荒城复愁入。 天寒远山净，日暮长河急。 解缆君已遥，望君犹伫立。 3、临江仙 送王缄 苏轼 忘却成都来十载，因君未免思量。凭(2)将清泪洒江阳。故山知好在，孤客自悲凉。 坐上别愁君未见，归来欲断无肠。殷勤且更尽离觞(3)。此身如传舍，何处是吾乡 4、送魏二 王昌龄 醉别江楼橘柚香，江风引雨入舟凉。 忆君遥在潇湘月，愁听清猿梦里长。 5、送人归京师 陈与义 门外子规啼未休，山村落日梦悠悠。 故园便是无兵马，犹有归时一
3、段愁。 6、卜算子 送鲍浩然之浙东 王观 水是眼波横，山是眉峰聚。欲问行人去那边，眉眼盈盈处。 才始送春归，又送君归去。若到江东赶上春，千万和春住。 1 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 7、送沈子福归江东 王维 杨柳渡头行客稀，罟师荡桨向临圻。 惟有相思似春色，江南江北送君归。 8、黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵 李白 故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。 孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。 9、临江仙 送钱穆父 苏轼 一别都门三改火，天涯踏尽红尘。依然一笑作春温。无波真古井，有节是秋筠。 惆怅孤帆连夜发，送行淡月微云。尊前不用翠眉颦。人生如逆旅，我亦是行人。 (二)送别诗名句 1、城阙辅三
4、秦，风烟望五津。与君离别意，同是宦游人。海内存知己，天涯若比邻。无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾(王勃送杜少府之任蜀川) 2、渭城朝雨浥轻尘, 客舍青青柳色新。 劝君更尽一杯酒, 西出阳关无故人。(王维送元二使安西) 3、李白乘舟将欲行, 忽闻岸上踏歌声。 桃花潭水深千尺, 不及汪伦送我情。(李白赠汪伦) 4、寒雨连江夜入吴,平明送客楚山孤。洛阳亲友如相问,一片冰心在玉壶。(王昌龄芙蓉楼送辛渐) 5、故人西辞黄鹤楼,烟花三月下扬州。 孤帆远影碧空尽,惟见长江天际流。(李白黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵) 6、千里黄云白日曛,北风吹雁雪纷纷。莫愁前路无知己,天下谁人不识君。(高适别董大) 7、离离原上草，一岁一枯荣
5、。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。(白居易赋得古原草送别) 8、寒蝉凄切，对长亭晚，骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪，留恋处，兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。念去去，千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔。 多情自古伤离别，更那堪冷落清秋节。今宵酒醒何处,杨柳岸，晓风残月。此去经年，应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有千种风情，更与何人说(柳永雨霖铃) 9、青山横北郭，白水绕东城。此地一为别，孤蓬万里征。浮云游子意，落日故人情。挥手自兹去，萧萧班马鸣。(李白送友人 ) 10、 候馆梅残,溪桥柳细,草薰风暖摇征辔。离愁渐远渐无穷,迢迢不断如春水。寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪,楼高莫近危栏倚。平芜尽
6、处是春山,行人更在春山外。(欧阳修踏莎行) 二、课堂讨论归纳 送别诗知识点 1、 常见意象 ?空间意象:长亭、灞陵、南浦、津渡、歧路、古道、阳关等 ?时间意象:春、秋、冬、黄昏、月夜、清晨等; ?景物意象:杨柳、柳絮、杨花、明月、夕阳，孤舟、孤帆、流水、西风、草、山、2 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 寒蝉等 2、 意境特点 朦胧、凄清、凄凉、凄冷、暗淡、冷寂、萧条、冷落、幽静、宁谧 3、思想内容 (1)表达了分别时依依不舍的深情和别后的孤寂惆怅之情，情调大都依恋而伤感; (2)表达深情厚谊，多赞美、留恋。 )表达诗人豁达的胸襟和豪放的气度，寄托对友人诚挚的安慰、劝勉和祝愿;
7、 (3(4)借诗吐胸中积愤或明心志的(多在诗人艰难困厄之际) (5)表达出诗人对友人前行或自己未来的担忧之情。 注意:诗歌情感是多而复杂的，既含离别之情，又有身世命运之感，或兼劝慰警示之意同学们要仔细阅读，逐联分析，细细探究，准确描述诗人的情感。注意情感的多样性。 三、拓展演练 问一问:你读懂了吗,写了什么,为什么而写,怎样写的,(用自己的语言，结合想象，讲诗歌表述出来) 想一想:出题者从什么角度来考你的,有没有什么答题技巧, 第一阶段: (一)回望高考，思考设题角度 送魏二 王昌龄 (10江苏) 醉别江楼橘柚香， 江风引雨入舟凉。 忆君遥在潇湘月， 愁听清猿梦里长。 1、用自己的语言，结合想
8、象，表述诗歌内容 临江的酒楼上，飘来淡淡的橘柚香气，与你饮酒，为你送别，喝到将醉，江面上，冷风凄凄，风中夹杂着寒雨，侵入小舟，凉意顿生。想象着你，在遥远的潇湘月夜下，听到猿声哀鸣凄清，夜不能寐，内心多么愁苦。 (1)找出诗中点明送别季节的词语。由送别季节可以联想到柳永雨霖铃中直抒离别之情的哪两个句子,(2分) 参考答案:橘柚香 自古多情伤离别，更那堪冷落清秋节。 设题角度:意象 (2)一、二两句诗中“醉别”“江风引雨”表达了惜别深情，请作简要说明。(4分) 参考答案:惜别知音，借酒浇愁，凄凄风雨烘托悲凉的心情。 设题角度:情感 (3)三、四两句诗，明人陆时雍诗镜总论云:“代为之思，其情更远。”
9、请作具体分析。(4分) 参考答案:由眼前景转为设想对方抵达后的孤寂与愁苦，通过想象拓展诗的意境，使主客双方惜别深情表达得更加深远。 设题角度:表现手法 (二)试一试: 仿照10年江苏省高考题的命题角度，根据下面这首诗的内容，自己命题3题，分值10分。 送魏万之京李颀 朝闻游子唱离歌，昨夜微霜初渡河。 鸿雁不堪愁里听，云山况是客中过。 关城曙色催寒近，御苑砧声向晚多。 3 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 莫见长安行乐处，空令岁月易蹉跎。 1、用自己的语言，结合想象，表述诗歌内容 ?魏万:又名颢。上元初进士。曾隐居王屋山，自号王屋山人。 ?游子:指魏万。离歌:离别的歌。初渡河:刚
10、刚渡过黄河。魏万家住王屋山，在黄河北岸，去长安必须渡河。 ?“鸿雁”二句:设想魏万在途中的寂寞心情。 客中:即作客途中。 ?关城:指潼关。曙色:黎明前的天色(有的版本作“树色”，树色带来寒气)。催寒近:寒气越来越重，一路上天气愈来愈冷。御苑:皇宫的庭苑。这里借指京城。砧声:捣衣声。向晚多:愈接近傍晚愈多。 ?“莫见”句:勉励魏万及时努力，不要虚度年华。蹉跎:此指虚度年华。2 【译文】 清晨听到游子高唱离别之歌，昨夜下薄霜你一早渡过黄河。怀愁之人最怕听到鸿雁鸣叫，云山冷寂更不堪落寞的过客。潼关曙色催促寒气临近京城，京城深秋捣衣声到晚上更多。请不要以为长安是行乐所在，以免白白地把宝贵时光消磨。3
11、1、首联、颔联哪几个词表达了季节怎样的特征(离别的环境),从中又表达出诗人送别的什么情绪, “微霜”“鸿雁”点出了送别时深秋时节萧瑟的气氛从中表达出诗人送别时的悲秋难抑黯然神伤的情绪。 2、“微霜初渡”“曙色催寒”两个意象历来为人称道，请分析其艺术手法和表达效果。 这两个意象中“催”“渡”都使用了拟人手法形象生动地营造了深秋已至、寒气逼人的气氛为悲秋和离愁的心境做了极好的渲染和烘托表达出诗人送别时的悲愁难抑黯然神伤的情绪。 3、尾联用什么艺术手法表达出怎样的思想内容, 尾联直抒胸臆以长者的口吻表达了对魏万的劝诫:莫把长安当作行乐之地而虚度大好时光。 四、课后巩固 (一)高考题演练，并思考设题角
12、度 (2007年江苏卷)阅读下面首宋词，完成下面两题。(8分) 鹧鸪天 送人 辛弃疾 唱彻阳关泪未干，功名馀事且加餐。浮天水送无穷树，带雨云埋一半山。 今古恨，几千般，只应离合是悲欢,江头未是风波恶，别有人间行路难。 (1) “浮天水送无穷树，带雨云埋一半山”蕴含了什么样的思想感情?运用了哪种表现手法? 参考答案:翘首远望，依依不舍的惜别之情;路途艰难，祝福平安的关切之情;山高水长，前程迷茫的郁闷之情。借景抒情或寓情于景。 (2)这首词以送人为题 ，下片写出了哪两层新意? 参考答案:不应把离别(相聚)视为人间唯一悲痛(欢乐)的事。人世间的风波远比路途风波险恶得多。 (二)试一下 根据诗歌阅读方
13、法，理解内容;找准设题角度，解决具体问题; 阅读下面这首宋词，然后回答问题。 4 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 水调歌头 葛长庚 江上春山远山下暮云长。相留相送时见双燕语风樯。满目飞花万点回首故人千里把酒沃愁肠。回雁峰前路烟树正苍苍。 漏声残灯焰短马蹄香。浮云飞絮一身将影向潇湘。多少风前月下迤逦天涯海角魂梦亦凄凉。又是春将暮无语对斜阳。 1(简要赏析“江上春山远，山下暮云长”的作用。 交代送别的时间用“春暮”将离别的愁绪渲染得分外的浓烈为下文“相留相送”铺垫蓄势。 2(“漏声残，灯焰短，马蹄香”一句有何特色及效果, 听觉、视觉、嗅觉相结合,2分,写出诗人晚宿旅舍却难以成眠耳
14、听更漏之声将尽眼看油灯火焰正短天快亮了又将踏上征途再去体验一番“踏花归去马蹄香”的特殊况味。,2分, 3(“把酒沃愁肠”，作者因何而愁，请结合全词分析。 ?暮春之景,?与挚友分别的离别愁绪,?羁旅行役苦况 5 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictl
15、y strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres c
16、an see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretati
17、on: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes
18、and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several
19、guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 6 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which r
20、eflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spi
21、rit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulg
22、ation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohib
23、ition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regu
24、lations 7 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the prom
25、ulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provi
26、sions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursu
27、e; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call
28、 up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded
29、in the Fifth 8 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begi
30、n study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respect
31、ively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and
32、grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministri
33、es and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, at
34、tracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 9 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of
35、 the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spi
36、rit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as
37、a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitutio
38、n. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee,
39、 Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision 10 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constit
40、ution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the pa
41、rty and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing
42、on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipli
43、ne and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main
44、problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 11 江苏省木渎高级中学天华学校2013届高考复习资料 to implement the central eight
45、provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp sever
46、al key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adh