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1、财务术语中英文对照大全一、会计与会计理论会计 accounting决策人Decision Maker投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor财务会计Financial Accounting管理会计Management Accounting成本会计Cost Accounting私业会计Private Accounting公众会计Public Accounting注册会计师CPA Certified Public Accountant国际会计准则委员会IASC美国注册会计师协会AICPA财务会计准则委员会FASB管理会计协会IMA美国会计学会AAA税务稽核署IRS独资
2、企业Proprietorship合伙人企业Partnership公司 Corporation会计目标Accounting Objectives会计假设Accounting Assumptions会计要素Accounting Elements会计原则Accounting Principles会计实务过程Accounting Procedures财务报表Financial Statements财务分析Financial Analysis会计主体假设Separate-entity Assumption货币计量假设Unit-of-measure Assumption持续经营假设Continuity(G
3、oing-concern) Assumption会计分期假设Time-period Assumption资产 Asset负债 Liability业主权益 Owners Equity收入 Revenue费用 Expense收益 Income亏损 Loss历史成本原则Cost Principle收入实现原则Revenue Principle配比原则 Matching Principle全面披露原则Full-disclosure (Reporting)Principle客观性原则Objective Principle一致性原则Consistent Principle可比性原则Comparabilit
4、y Principle重大性原则Materiality Principle稳健性原则Conservatism Principle权责发生制Accrual Basis现金收付制Cash Basis财务报告Financial Report流动资产Current assets流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities投入资本Contributed Capital留存收益Retained Earning二、会计循环会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle会计信息系统Accounting information System帐户
5、 Ledger会计科目Account会计分录Journal entry原始凭证Source Document日记帐 Journal总分类帐General Ledger明细分类帐Subsidiary Ledger试算平衡Trial Balance现金收款日记帐Cash receipt journal现金付款日记帐Cash disbursementsjournal销售日记帐Sales Journal购货日记帐Purchase Journal普通日记帐General Journal工作底稿Worksheet调整分录Adjusting entries结帐 Closing entries三、现金与应收帐
6、款现金 Cash银行存款Cash in bank库存现金Cash in hand流动资产Current assets偿债基金 Sinking fund定额备用金Imprest petty cash支票 Check(cheque)银行对帐单Bank statement银行存款调节表Bank reconciliationstatement在途存款Outstanding deposit在途支票Outstanding check应付凭单Vouchers payable应收帐款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable起运点交货价F.O.B shipping point目
7、的地交货价F.O.B destination point商业折扣Trade discount现金折扣Cash discount销售退回及折让Sales return and allowance坏帐费用Bad debt expense备抵法 Allowance method备抵坏帐Bad debt allowance损益表法Income statement approach资产负债表法Balance sheet approach帐龄分析法Aging analysis method直接冲销法Direct write-off method带息票据Interest bearing note不带息票据N
8、on-interest bearing note出票人Maker受款人Payee本金 Principal利息率Interestrate到期日Maturitydate本票 Promissory note贴现 Discount背书 Endorse拒付费 Protest fee com四、存货存货 Inventory商品存货Merchandise inventory产成品存货Finished goods inventory在产品存货Work in process inventory原材料存货Raw materials inventory起运地离岸价格F.O.B shipping point目的地抵岸
9、价格F.O.B destination寄销 Consignment寄销人Consignor承销人Consignee定期盘存Periodic inventory永续盘存Perpetual inventory购货 Purchase购货折让和折扣Purchase allowance and discounts存货盈余或短缺Inventory overages and shortages分批认定法Specific identification加权平均法Weighted average先进先出法First-in, first-out orFIFO后进先出法Lost-in, first-out orLIF
10、O移动平均法Moving average成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM市价 Market value重置成本 Replacement cost可变现净值Net realizable value上限Upper limit下限Lower limit毛利法Gross margin method零售价格法Retail method成本率Cost ratio五、长期投资长期投资 Long-term investment长期股票投资Investment on stocks长期债券投资Investment on bonds成本法Cost method权益法Eq
11、uity method合并法Consolidation method股利宣布日Declaration date股权登记日Date of record除息日Ex-dividend date付息日Payment date债券面值Face value, Par value债券折价Discount on bonds债券溢价Premium on bonds票面利率Contract interest rate, stated rate市场利率Market interest ratio, Effective rate普通股Common Stock优先股Preferred Stock现金股利Cash divi
12、dends股票股利Stock dividends清算股利Liquidating dividends到期日 Maturity date到期值 Maturity value直线摊销法Straight-Line method of amortization实际利息摊销法Effective-interest method of amortization六、固定资产固定资产 Plant assets or Fixed assets原值 Original value预计使用年限Expected useful life预计残值Estimated residual value折旧费用Depreciation
13、expense累计折旧Accumulated depreciation帐面价值Carrying value应提折旧成本Depreciation cost净值 Net value在建工程 Construction-in-process磨损 Wear and tear过时 Obsolescence直线法 Straight-line method (SL)工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)加速折旧法Accelerated depreciation method双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)年数总和法S
14、um-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)以旧换新Trade in经营租赁Operating lease融资租赁Capital lease廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO)资产负债表外筹资Off-balance-sheet financing最低租赁付款额Minimum lease payments七、无形资产无形资产 Intangible assets专利权Patents商标权Trademarks,Trade names着作权Copyrights特许权或专营权 Franchises商誉 Goodwill开办费Organizati
15、on cost租赁权Leasehold摊销 Amortization八、流动负债负债 Liability流动负债 Current liability应付帐款Account payable应付票据Notes payable贴现票据Discount notes长期负债一年内到期部分Current maturities of long-term liabilities应付股利Dividends payable预收收益Prepayments by customers存入保证金 Refundable deposits应付费用Accrual expense增值税value added tax营业税Busi
16、ness tax应付所得税Income tax payable应付奖金 Bonuses payable产品质量担保负债Estimated liabilities under product warranties赠品和兑换券Premiums, coupons and trading stamps或有事项Contingency或有负债Contingent或有损失Loss contingencies或有利得Gain contingencies永久性差异Permanent difference时间性差异Timing difference应付税款法Taxes payable method纳税影响会计法T
17、ax effect accounting method递延所得税负债法Deferred income tax liability method九、长期负债长期负债 Long-term Liabilities应付公司债券Bonds payable有担保品的公司债券Secured Bonds抵押公司债券Mortgage Bonds保证公司债券Guaranteed Bonds信用公司债券DebentureBonds一次还本公司债券Term Bonds分期还本公司债券SerialBonds可转换公司债券Convertible Bonds可赎回公司债券CallableBonds可要求公司债券Redeem
18、able Bonds记名公司债券RegisteredBonds无记名公司债券Coupon Bonds普通公司债券Ordinary Bonds收益公司债券Income Bonds名义利率，票面利率Nominal rate实际利率Actual rate有效利率Effective rate溢价 Premium折价 Discount面值 Par value直线法 Straight-line method实际利率法Effective interest method到期直接偿付Repayment at maturity提前偿付Repayment at advance偿债基金Sinking fund长期应付
19、票据Long-term notes payable抵押借款Mortgage loan十、业主权益权益 Equity业主权益Owners equity股东权益Stockholders equity投入资本Contributed capital缴入资本Paid-in capital股本 Capital stock资本公积Capital surplus留存收益Retained earnings核定股本Authorized capital stock实收资本Issued capital stock发行在外股本Outstanding capital stock库藏股Treasury stock普通股Co
20、mmon stock优先股Preferred stock累积优先股Cumulative preferred stock非累积优先股Noncumulative preferred stock完全参加优先股Fully participating preferred stock部分参加优先股Partially participating preferred stock非部分参加优先股Nonpartially participating preferred stock现金发行 Issuance for cash非现金发行Issuance for noncash consideration股票的合并发行
21、Lump-sum sales of stock发行成本Issuance cost成本法Cost method面值法Par value method捐赠资本Donated capital盈余分配Distribution of earnings股利 Dividend股利政策Dividend policy宣布日Date of declaration股权登记日 Date of record除息日Ex-dividend date股利支付日 Date of payment现金股利Cash dividend股票股利Stock dividend拨款 appropriation十一、财务报表财务报表 Finan
22、cial Statement资产负债表Balance Sheet收益表Income Statement帐户式Account Form报告式Report Form编制（报表） Prepare工作底稿 Worksheet多步式Multi-step单步式Single-step十二、财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础SCFP.Cash Basis（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础SCFP.Working Capital Basis（资金来源与运用表）营运资金Working Capital全部资源概念All-resources concept直接交换业务Direct exchanges正
23、常营业活动Normal operating activities财务活动Financing activities投资活动Investing activities十三、财务报表分析财务报表分析Analysis of financial statements比较财务报表Comparative financial statements趋势百分比Trend percentage比率 Ratios普通股每股收益Earnings per share of common stock股利收益率Dividend yield ratio价益比 Price-earnings ratio普通股每股帐面价值Book v
24、alue per share of common stock资本报酬率Return on investment总资产报酬率Return on total asset债券收益率Yield rate on bonds已获利息倍数Number of times interest earned债券比率Debt ratio优先股收益率Yield rate on preferred stock营运资本Working Capital周转 Turnover存货周转率Inventory turnover应收帐款周转率Accounts receivable turnover流动比率Current ratio速动比
25、率Quick ratio酸性试验比率Acid test ratio十四、合并财务报表合并财务报表Consolidated financial statements吸收合并Merger创立合并Consolidation控股公司Parent company附属公司Subsidiary company少数股权Minority interest权益联营合并Pooling of interest购买合并Combination by purchase权益法Equity method成本法Cost method十五、物价变动中的会计计量物价变动之会计Price-level changes accountin
26、g一般物价水平会计General price-level accounting货币购买力会计Purchasing-power accounting统一币值会计Constant dollar accounting历史成本Historical cost现行价值会计Current value accounting现行成本Current cost重置成本Replacement cost物价指数Price-level index国民生产总值物价指数Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator)消费物价指数Consumer price index (orCPI)批发物价指数Wholesale price index货币性资产Monetary assets货币性负债Monetary liabilities货币购买力损益Purchasing-power gains or losses资产持有损益Holding gains or losses未实现的资产持有损益Unrealized holding gains or losses