1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）综合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit1 Unit1PlanningyourfuturecareerTraits of the Key PlayersReadingFocusReadingFocusIntroductionQuestion A:_?Answer:“Key player”refers to _ _.Question B:_?Answer:Companies recruit their staff either by _,or _ _ReadingFocusReadingFocus GlobalUnderstandingTa
2、sk1(page10-11)What does the term“key players”refer to (Para.1)a handful of staff you can counton in a given area of expertise to get the job doneHow do companies recruit“key players”hiring“key players”from another companyfrom“newbies”who seem to have the same traits as those top people.(Para.2)1.Eve
3、ry company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.(Para.1)staff:(n.)the group of people who work for an organization e.g.Thereisagoodrelationshipbetweenstaffandpupilsattheschool.以以staff 做主语的句子，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以用复做主语的句子，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以用复数数 e.g.Thestaff
4、hasbeencutbyaquarteroverthepastyear.Thestaffarenotveryhappyaboutthelatestpayincrease.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint be on the staff of:be a member of 担任担任-的工作的工作 e.g.HeisontheeditorialstaffoftheNew York Times.staff(v.)1.provide with staff 给给-配备职员配备职员e.g.Howmanyemployeeswillittaketostaffthisr
5、esort?Wehavenotenoughmoneytostaffallourschools.2.serve on the staff of 担当（某机构）职员担当（某机构）职员 e.g.Mostofourofficesarestaffedbyvolunteers.ReadingFocusReadingFocusLanguagePointexpertise(n.)special skill or knowledgee.g.Aforeigncoachhasspecialknowledgeandexpertise.Weareamazedathisexpertiseontheskislope.辨析辨
6、析 expertise(n.)和和 expert(n.;adj.)Mymotherisan_atdress-making.Ithoughtyourhandlingofthesituationwas_.Maryhasconsiderable_inFrenchhistory.expertiseexpertexpertReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2.We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people.(Para.2)Paraphrase:Weevaluatethembythestanda
7、rdtraitsourkeyplayersshowtous.ReadingFocusReadingFocusLanguagePointA.Importance of the trait:(Para.4)According to John Fetzer,_.B.Ways of developing the trait:(Para.5)a._ _.b._ _.c._ _ as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsand make sure _.Trait 1:The selfless collaborator one cant succ
8、eed in an industryenvironment without the mindset of being collaborative and selflessWorking together with scientists from other labs and disciplines in pursuit of a common goalA liberal use of the pronoun“we”and not just“I”,when describing your accomplishmentsTo develop a reputation inside your lab
9、 and with people yourlab collaborates withthis quality gets mentioned bythose who will take those reference phone callsReadingFocusReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding3.It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry.(Para.4)deserve:(v.)be worthy ofe.g.
10、Youdeserveapromotionafterallthehardworkyouhavedone.Ithinktheydeservetobecongratulated.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 4.“The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive,so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.(Para.4)The sentenc
11、e means:Compared with academia,the business environment requires less capability in doing individual research and there are less competitions among individual workers,so people or behaviors showing the traits of being collaborative and selfless are easily recognized.lone wolf:someone who prefers to
12、be alonee.g.Heisalonewolf,apparentlywantingnofriendsandseekingnoman.文中是名词文中是名词 lone wolf 当形容词用。当形容词用。stand out:to be very noticeablee.g.Wehadlotsofgoodapplicantsforthejob,butonestoodoutfromtherest.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint Paraphrase:Many postdoctors and graduate students find it very h
13、ard to adapt themselves to this transition since they have devoted much of their life to doing independent research work and trying to do better than their peers.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 5.Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition beca
14、use so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars.(Para.5)involve1)imply,make necessary e.g.Theoperationinvolvesputtingasmalltubeintoyourheart.2)implicate person in charge,crime，etc.e.g.Thefourmenwereallinvolvedinorganizingandcarryingoutt
15、hemurders.3)include sb.or sth.in sth.or to make them take part in or feel part of it e.g.Doweneedtoinvolvesomeonefromthecomputerdepartmentatthisstageinourdiscussion?ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint outshine:(v.)to be better or more impressive than sb.or sth.else e.g.Severalnewplayersoutshoneth
16、eveterans.动词前缀动词前缀“out”主要有三种意思主要有三种意思:1)doing better than e.g.Sheoutranhim.2)being or becoming bigger,further,greater than someone or something else e.g.Shesoutgrownherclothes.Sheoutlivedherbrother.3)outside or beyond something e.g.anoutbuilding附属建筑物outlyingareas郊区ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePo
17、int 6.You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goaland documenting the results on your rsum.(Para.5)介词词组介词词组“in pursuit of a common goal”当状语，相当于当状语，相当于during the process of pursuing a common
18、goal.“and documenting the results on your rsum.”意为意为“并且为并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。”result(n.):the achievement of something e.g.Shecertainlyknowshowtogetresults.Forbestresults,alwaysusefreshingredientswhenyouarecooking.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint document:(n.)a paper or set of p
19、apers with written or printed information,esp.of an official type.e.g.Adocumentcertifyingownership.Istampthedocument.(v.)prove by or support with documents such as references,certificates and credentials.e.g.Hisinterestincrickethasbeenwell-documentedbythemedia.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint
20、Importance of the trait:According to Don Haut,_.ReadingFocusReadingFocus GlobalUnderstandingTrait 2:A sense of urgencyone way that companies win thecompetition that happens 24/7/365 is to get“there”faster.This trait is a requirement not only for people who can act quickly,but for those who can think
21、 fast with the courage to act on their own conviction (Para.7)Trait 3:Risk toleranceImportance of the trait:A._.Supporting evidence:a._.b._.B._ _.Supporting evidence:a._ _.b.What Don Haut says.Being OK with risk is something that industry demandsQuotation from one of the clients in a job description
22、Para.8）What Don Haut says(Para.9)Failure is important because it shows you were not afraid to take chancesCompanies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it(Para.10)ReadingFocusReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding7.In a business,you need to understand the process,but you end up fa
23、lling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business.(Para.9)“falling in love with the answer”means“being much interested in the answer”翻译：翻译：在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒 风险。风险。Re
24、adingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint end up1)to be finally in a particular situation,state,or place,after a series of events e.g.Mostslimmersendupputtingweightbackon.Anyonewhoswimsintherivercouldendupwithanastystomachupset.2)arrive e.g.Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,youllendupinhospital.3)finishe.g.Thepo
25、liticianfinallyendeduphisspeech.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint Trait 4:Strength in interpersonal relationshipsImportance of the trait:A._ _.Supporting evidence:According to Rick Leach,_.B.It would be a mistake to assume that _ _.Supporting evidence:_ _ _.For people in business roles,interper
26、sonal abilities make the difference between success and failure(Para.11)working for a business requires people skills.strong people skills arerequired only for business people(Para.12)The key players who succeed in their work at the bench in industry environment in great measure depends on their abi
27、lity to work with a broad variety of personalitiesReadingFocusReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding8.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets.(Para.11)prioritize(v.):to put things in order of importance so that t
28、he most important ones are done first e.g.Whenyouhavetwentytasksfortheday,allofthemurgent,itsnoteasytoprioritizethem.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint asset:(n.)1)the things a company owns,that can be sold to pay debts(通常用作复数通常用作复数)资产资产e.g.acorporationwith$9billioninassetsthevalueofacompanysass
29、ets2)something or someone that is useful because they help you secceed or deal with problems 有利的东西有利的东西e.g.Asenseofhumorisagreatassetinthisbusiness.IthinkRachelwouldbeanassettothedepartment.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 辨析辨析 prior;priority;prioritize1)Hehadshowednosignsofbeinginpain_tosuffe
30、ringaheartattack.2)Banksusuallygive_tolargebusinesseswhendecidingonloans.3)Thepublicwantstoseethefightagainstcrime_.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint priorpriorityprioritized9.To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person
31、who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things,”says Rick.(Para.11)不定式短语不定式短语“To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships”当主语，全句的意思是：For a person who has been estimated and evaluated only by his skillfulness in dealing with the physical world,it is a ver
32、y frightening prospect to be suddenly estimated and evaluated by the skillfulness in building up human relationships.proposition(n.):problem,prospecte.g.Findingabuyerforthisoldcarisnotaneasyproposition.Thepropositionofworkingallnightwasquitedepressing.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 10.Indeed
33、the key players Ive met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because theyve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities,up and down the organization.(Para.12)in(a)great/some measure e.g.The children were given a great measure of independence.He is in some me
34、asure rather careless.翻译：翻译：事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们 能够与公司上下各种各样能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。的人共事。ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint personality(n.):1.someones character,especially the way they behave towards other people 个性个性e.g.Hewasanambitiousmanwithstro
35、ngpersonality.2.someone who is famous often appears in newspapers,on television etc,especially an entertainer or sports person 名人名人e.g.Oneofthemostwell-likedTVpersonalities3.someone who has a very strong character and is very different from other people 人物人物e.g.Hewasadynamicpersonalityinthebusinessw
36、orld.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 辨析辨析 personality person people humanHe is quite a_ in the district.It is a horrible thing to see one _ make another suffer.Ireland was inhabited by two _.He lived for the _ and died for the _.That was the beginning of the life of us _.ReadingFocusReadingFo
37、cus LanguagePoint personalitypersonpeoplespeoplepeoplehumansTask2（page12-14）Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text.(P12)Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10ReadingFocusReadingFocus DetailedInformation B AD BDBC B B B1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Ithinkt
38、hatthatthatthatthatstudentwroteontheblackboardwaswrong.3.Iknow.Youknow.Iknowthatyouknow.IknowthatyouknowthatIknow.JustRelax!Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-Vocabulary in ActionTask 1Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.(P.15)ACCBDDCAReadingFocusReadingFo
39、cusVocabularyinAction BDDApublicc1.Details of the highly sensitive information have not been made _.2.Working at home requires a good deal of _.3.He never ceased to be amazed by her physical _.4.The article made no _ to previous research on the subject.5.The great _ of our plan lies in its simplicit
40、y.6.The palace and its grounds are open to the _ during the summer months.7.Supporters _ outside the courtroom during the trial.Task 2Read the words and their explanations in the box in page 16.Choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning.Change the form if necessary
41、disciplinebstrengthareferenceastrengthdpublicademonstratedbReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction 8.I didnt enjoy studying PhilosophyI found it too much of a theoretical _.9.Ask your teacher to act as one of your _.10.He said he left the company because of a _ clash with the director.11.Differe
42、nt cultures have different ways of _ their children.12.The study _ the link between poverty and malnutrition.13.The disclosure of the information will not be a criminal offence if it can be shown that it was in the _ interest.14.The book will become a standard work of _.15.Its partly the architectur
43、e which gives the town its _.disciplinecreferencescpersonalityadiscipliningddemonstrates apublicdreferencebpersonalitycReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction Task3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box.Change the form if necessary.(P17)ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabulary
44、inAction prioritize cite pay teamwork creditdemonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employmentThe independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific 1)_:academic and industrial.For d
45、ecades,academia has 2)_lip service to the idea of collaboration,but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to 3)_.employmentpaidadjustDespite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic 4)_,collaboration remains informal and is actually 5)_ by the tenure proc
46、ess,in which scholars are penalized for sharing 6)_ for their work with others.ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction prioritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employmentsettingdiscouragedcreditLarge-scale academic collaboration has taken place succes
47、sfully in the past;the Manhattan Project and contemporaneous radar research,and numerous experimental particle physics projects,to 7)_ just a few examples,are not perhaps academic in the purest sense,but they 8)_ that academic scientists can play well with others.More recently,new systems biology st
48、udies are bringing a sense of 9)_ into academic life science labs,but there have been some growing pains.Still,in most of academic scienceincluding the life sciencethe lone wolf still 10)_.ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction prioritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule
49、discourage pursuit employmentteamworkdemonstrateciterulesWhy Do We Work?ReadingMoreReadingMoreText ExplorationComplete the following extract with information from the text.We work for money,but also for sanity.Lawyers expect to be well compensated in dollars,also in 1)_ ways.The key elements of none
50、conomic compensation include:1.Professional identityLaw firms pay psychic compensation by 2)_ professional prerogatives,providing lawyers with autonomy in matters of professional judgment,and affirming the special respect 3)_ to lawyers who 4)_ to ethical standards in all of their professional deali
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