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1、15 诫子书,千古良相诸葛亮，他一生立志“兴复汉室，还于旧都”，为此鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已；他更以淡泊明志，宁静致远的高风亮节言传身教，惠及子女。今天让我们一起走进他的诫子书，聆听他对子女的谆谆教诲。,作者名片,诸葛亮（181234），字孔明，号卧龙，琅琊阳都（今山东沂南南）人，三国时期杰出的政治家、军事家。代表作有出师表诫子书等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
2、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
3、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,背景链接,本文选自诸葛亮集卷一（中华书局2009年版）。诫子书是诸葛亮晚年写给8岁儿子诸葛瞻的一封家书，诸葛亮一生为国，躹躬尽瘁，死而后已。他为了蜀汉社稷日夜操劳，顾不上亲自教育儿子，于是写下了这封家书告诫诸葛瞻。,文体知识,又称“尺牍”“信札”，是一种应用性文体，多
4、记事陈情。它的文学功能多种多样：可以抒情，可以写景，可以写私人化的事件和感情，也可以进谒显贵，勉励后学。在历史的发展中，书信的实用性和审美性达到了完美的结合。,书,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
5、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
6、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字词学习,夫（ ） 淡泊（ ） 淫慢（ ） 遂（ ） 穷庐（ ） 险躁（ ）,f,生难字,dn b,yn,su,l,zo,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
7、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
8、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,古今异义,夫君子之行（ ）夫君子之行（ ）,古义：助词，用于句首，表示发端 今义：丈夫,古义：操守、品德 今义：行为，行动,字词释义,险躁则不能治性（ ）年与时驰（ ）,险，古义：轻薄 今义：危险，惊险 治，古义：修养 今义：治理,古义：疾行，指迅速逝去 今义：奔驰，奔跑,淫慢则不能励精性（ ）意与日去（ ）,古
9、义：懈怠 今义：缓慢，与“快”相反,古义：消失 今义：到某地,一词多义,夫君子之行（ ）三人行，必有我师焉（ ）,非志无以成学（ ）遂成枯落（ ）,操守、品德,走路,达成，成就,成为，变成,非淡泊无以明志（ ）非志无以成学（ ）,志向,立志,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
10、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
11、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词类活用,静以修身（ ）非淡泊无以明志（ ）非宁静无以致远（ ）,形容词用作动词，屏除杂念和干扰，宁静专一,形容词的使动用法，使明确,形容词用作名词，远大目标,文言句式,倒装句：悲守穷庐，将复何及！（宾语前置句，正常句式应为“将复及何”）,判断句：夫学须静也（“也”表判断）,诫子书夫君子之行，静以修身，俭以养德。非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。夫学须静也，
12、才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成学。,助词，用于句首，表示发端。,品德高尚的人。,操守、品德。,内心恬淡，不慕名利。,明确志向。明，明确、坚定。,这里指安静，集中精神，不分散精力。,达到远大目标。致，达到。,增长才干。,淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性。年与时驰，意与日去，遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及！,放纵懈怠。淫，放纵。慢，懈怠。,振奋精神。励，振奋。,轻薄浮躁。与上文“宁静”相对而言。险，轻薄。,修养性情。治，修养。,岁月。,穷困潦倒之人住的陋室。,又怎么来得及。,疾行，指迅速逝去。,课文解读,非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。这句话有什么表达效果？,这句话是诸葛亮对自己一生经历
13、的总结，更是他对儿子的要求。这句话中的“淡泊”紧随上句中的“俭”字，“宁静”紧承上句中的“静”字，再次强调俭朴节约、淡泊名,利与内心安定清静对于君子的重要性。运用双重否定句，以强烈而委婉的语气表达了诸葛亮对儿子的谆谆教诲与无限期望。,静以修身，俭以养德。,本文作者提出的中心论点是什么？,作者是从哪两个方面进行论述的？又是怎样展开论述的？,作者认为: 无论做人，还是学习，都要“静”，修身须静，学习须静，获得成就也取决于静；接着又从反面进行论证，把失败归结为一个“躁”字。进而把“静”与“躁”加以对比，增强了论述效果，达到了论证的目的。,学习和做人,夫学须静也，才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成学。
14、淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性。,仔细阅读这句话，思考： 作者认为“静”与“学”之间的关系是什么？运用了哪种论证方法？,要想有才学必须学习，而求学的过程之中又必须“静”心， “淫慢”“险躁”，无静心，无恒心，是求学与修身的大忌。运用了对比论证的方法。,年与时驰，意与日去，遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及！,仔细阅读这句话，思考： 这句话有什么含义，作者是从什么角度阐述的？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
15、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
16、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,反面阐述。这句话的含义是年华易逝，流年似水，如果不珍惜时光，必将碌碌无为，老大徒伤悲，到那时就悔之晚矣。,深入探究,诸葛亮围绕学习告诫儿子，要成才需要具备哪几个条件？这几个条件之间有什么关系？,要成才需要具备三个条件：
17、第一个条件是立志，“非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”“非学无以广才，非志无以成学”。,第二个条件是学习，“夫学须静也，才须学也”；第三个条件是惜时，“年与时驰，意与日去，遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及”。三者的关系：诸葛亮主张以俭养德，以静求学，以学广才，这三者是互相联系、缺一不可的。志是成才的前提和基础，但志向的培养又必须修养品德，勤奋学习。,阅读全文，由文中的一些警句你联想到了哪些名人名言？推荐给大家。,淡泊：苟利国家，不求富贵（礼记）；不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵（陶渊明）；水能性淡为吾友，竹解心虚即我师（白居易）；心闲天地本来宽（陆游）。,立志：古之成大事者，不惟有超世之材，亦有
18、坚忍不拔之志（苏轼）；长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海（李白）；安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜（杜甫）；穷且益坚，不坠青云之志（王勃）；志当存高远（诸葛亮）。,惜时：志士惜日短，愁人知夜长（傅玄）；浪费时间是一桩大罪过（卢梭）；我荒废了时间，时间便把我荒废了（莎士比亚）。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
19、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
20、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,结构梳理,分析论点：,提出观点：静以修身，俭以养德,诫子书,谆谆教诲无限期望,治学：夫学须静也，才须学也（正）,殷殷叮咛须惜时：年与时驰，意与日去,修身：淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性（反）,艺术特色,1.思路清晰，逻辑谨严。 文章一开头，作者就提出“静以修身，俭以养德”这一观点，接下来的“非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”
21、，是对“静”的价值的阐发，指出唯有宁静专一，才能明确志向，达到远大目标；接下来一句，先正后反，论述“静”与“学”“才”“志”的关系，核心是实现志向的途径学。具体来说，就是有,“志”才可成学，而为学亦需“静”；学习才能增长才干，而成才务须学习。第四句，从反面说明不“静”，即“淫慢”和“险躁”的害处，实际上还是彰显“静”的价值。最后一句，从反面论述，强调勤学刻苦，不能荒废学业，暗含惜时之意。这样，先立论，再阐发，又正反论证，逻辑严密，前后相承，言语虽短却意蕴悠长。,2.句式骈散结合，语气徐疾有致。 本文中，骈句长短参差，交错使用，形式上散中有整、整中有散，语气上有轻有重、徐疾有致，读起来朗朗上口，
22、表现出对称美、变化美、音乐美。,拓展迁移,诸葛亮的鹅毛扇 诸葛亮的鹅毛扇代表着智慧和才干，所以在有关诸葛亮的戏曲中，孔明总是手拿鹅毛扇。 关于鹅毛扇，民间流传着这样的故事：黄承彦的千金小姐黄月英并非丑陋，而是一个非常聪明美丽、才华出众的姑娘。黄承彦怕有为的青年有眼不识荆山玉，故称千金为“阿丑”。阿丑黄月英不仅笔下滔滔，而且武艺超群，她曾就学于名师。,艺成下山时，师傅赠送她鹅毛扇一把，上书“明”“亮”二字。二字中还密密麻麻地藏着攻城略地、治国安邦的计策。并嘱咐她，姓名中有明亮二字者，即是你的如意郎君。后来黄承彦的乘龙快婿，就是吟啸待时、未出隆中便知天下三分的姓名中有“明”“亮”二字的未来蜀国丞相
23、诸葛亮。结婚时，黄月英便将鹅毛扇作为礼物赠给诸葛亮。,孔明对鹅毛扇爱不释手，形影不离。他这样做不仅表达了他们夫妻间真挚不渝的爱情，更主要的是熟练并运用扇上的谋略。所以不管春夏秋冬，总是手不离扇。 清朝康熙年间，襄阳观察使赵宏恩在诸葛草庐诗中写道：“扇摇战月三分鼎，石黯阴云八阵图”，就足以证明诸葛亮手执鹅毛扇的功用以及他手不离扇的原因。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
24、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
25、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课后作业,仔细阅读课文，在理解的基础上背诵，并说一说学习了这课之后有什么启发。,声 明 本文件仅用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本司及相关权利人的合法权利。 除此以外，将本文件任何内容用于其他用途时，应获得授权，如发现未经授权用于商业或盈利用途将追加侵权者的法律责任。武汉天成贵龙文化传播有限公司湖北山河律师事务所,