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1、History of Pen Computing:Annotated Bibliography in On-line Character Recognition and Pen ComputingReferences from the approximate years 1990 to 1995.This compilation and all annotations are copyright Jean Renard Ward, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2006Copyright Thu May 13 11:31:01 EDT 2010Contact:jrwardal
2、um.mit.eduMirrors of this page can be found at: http:/ http:/65.78.28.198:81/pens/biblio95.html http:/rwservices.no-ip.info:81/pens/biblio95.html Main Reference Page AbrahamRI95 (*) Abraham, Robert I; Moore, Richard E.; Rich, William L.; Shackelford, Floyd W.; Tiller, John R. Jr.; and Briggs, Richar
3、d S. Jr. Slot Objects for an Object Oriented Programming System, United States Patent 5,410,702, April 25, 1995o Implementation of a slot object: citations back to 1982Agulnick94 (*) Agulnick, Todd; Carr, Robert; Hoeber, Tony; Kaplan, S. Jerrold; Low, David R. and Ouye, Michael Control of a computer
4、 through a position-sensed stylus, United States Patent 5,347,295 assigned to GO Corp, Foster city, California, September 13, 1994o Describes using a pen stylus for entering commands via character recognition / gestures into a computer, recognizing and executing command after out-of-proximity/end-of
5、-stroke/time-out. Compare with Ledeen, which did not have gestures made on the display. Specific reference to first, second and third gestures in a sequence for a compound gesture (multiple flicks, multiple taps, etc.). Specific reference to direction of motion of the gesture.AllenD92 . Allen, Denni
6、s Pen-Input Systems, BYTE Magazine, April 1992, P. 10o Part of a series on pen-input systems and PDAsAllenG93 (*) Allen, Gregory Data Input Grid for Computer, United States Patent 5,214,428, May 25, 1993o mechanical grooves restrict the motion of a digitizer stylus to octant chain-code directions: s
7、hows a set of single-stroke characters for recognitionAmstra93 (*) Amstrad93 Amstrad PenPad PDA 600, Reference available at www.old- Z-80 handheld pen-computer, 1993, styled as fold-out notebook. Contains quotes from project manager Cliff Lawson, Mark Stevenson, Wulf Broening: software by German com
8、pany WiedmannApiki93 . Apiki, Steve A Unified Ink Standard, BYTE Magazine, September 1993, p. 26o JOT standard?Apte93 (*) Apte, A. and Kimura, T.D. A Comparison Study of the Pen and the Mouse in Editing Graphic Diagrams, Proc IEEE 1993 Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, Bergen, Norway, pp 352-357o
9、 Citrin96 sites for single-stroke graphical editing gestures: comparison of NoteTaker on PenWindows / Windows for Pen Computing without gesture (menu picks only) and the GDE gesture-based graphical editor in GO/Penpoint. Concludes that for drawing, gesture-based editor with a pen/stylus is preferred
10、 by users because modes do not have to be changed to a menu.ArmbrusterJL93 (*) Armbruster, Jeffrey L. PenRight! Pro SDK 3.1, Windows/DOS Developer's Journal, Vol 4. No. 3, March 1993, pp. 45-48o Abstract only: PenRightAvitzur92 . Avitzur, R. Your own handprinting recognition engine, Dr. Dobb&ap
11、os;s Journal, 1992, pp 32-37o Cited in paper by ArvoBaecker91 . Baecker, Ronald M. Scriptel inks pact with Apple: Pen-based computer only a year away?, The Daily Reporter, Tuesday, November 26 1991o Scriptel electrostatic digitizer with Apple pen computerBallBR91 (*) Ball, Brian R. Readings in human
12、-computer interaction: toward the year 2000, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1995, ISBN 155860-246-1o Chapter Touch, Gesture, and Marking: device independence and virtual devices, equivalence of various locator devices, mouse/joystick, button/blow-suck tube, etc.o partial copy in files onlyBartholomewJ9
13、2 (*) Bartholomew, Jim Microsoft Vistual Tools Suite for Windows Ver 1.5, www.accu.org, 1992o Review of Microsoft development tool suite. Mentions VBX controls added to Control Palette in Visucal C+ App Studio or Vistual Basic Toolbox, four controls for Windows for Pen ComputingBederson95 (*) Beders
14、on, Benjamin B. and Hollan, James D. Advances in the Pad+ Zommable Graphics Widget, Third Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop, July 1995, www.usenix.orgo Multiple graphical representations of data, constraint-based graphical editingBennettWE91 (*) Bennett, William E., Boies, Stephen J., Davies, Anthony R., Etzol
15、d, Karl-Friedrich, Rodgers, Todd K. Optical Stylus and Passive Digitzing Tablet Data Input System, United States Patent 5,051,736, September 24, 1991o Optical stylus digitizer utilizing extremely small patterns within a cell, some similarity to AnotoBlaxzczak93 (*) Blaszczak, Mike Presentations deli
16、vered: Mike Blaszczak, presentations on Windows for Pen computing in Visual Basic, 1993.Blickenstorfer95 (*) Blickenstofer, Conrad H. Editorial: Vertical market hardware manufacturers growing stronger, but they'r enow facing a challenge from consumer electronics giants and their marketing savv
17、y, Pen Computing Magazine, Issue No. 6, August/September 1995o Mentions Scriptel WriteTouch front-mount digitizer for Windows95 and Windows for Pen computing: cites Windows 95 as having better pen-computing support than Windows for Pen Computing 1.0, although tablet drivers are not included. Norand
18、PEN*KEY6100 vertical market pen tablet device.Bloombert92 (*) Bloomberg, Dan S. and Tow, Robert F. Adaptive Scaling for Decoding Spatially Periodic Self-clocking Glyph Shape Codes, United States Patent 5,091,966, February 25, 1992o DataGlyphs: see other referencesBorucki94 (*) Borucki, Gregory Surfa
19、ce acoustic wave touchscreen sealing system, United States Patent 5,332,238, July 26, 1994o Sealing for SAW touchscreen tablet: see citations for actual surface acoustice wave touchscreen technologieso Elographics IntelliTouch Systems Manual, 1988Bosscher94 (*) Bosscher, Peter J. and Yeazel, Dean Ph
20、ase I Report: Using handheld Data Collectors in Highway construction for Accounting and Materials Management, Report to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, January 10, 1994o Recommends PenRight! Pro as leading pen-centric development environment, Windows for Pen Computing lacks pen-centric f
21、eatures, non-pen-centric development tools are unfeasible. No mention of Newton or PenPoint.Bricklin93 . Bricklin, Dan JOT defines electronic ink, BYTE Magazine, Vol. 18 No 11., October 1993, page 110o (abstract only) Short description of JOT standard for electronic ink data for GO/PenPoint and Micr
22、osoft Windows for Pen Computing.Brugge92 (*) Brugge, John Introduction to PenPoint, MacTECH,The Journal of Macintosh Technology: available at http:/ Overview article from about one year after PenPoint OS announced in Apple journalBucklandMK92 (*) Buckland, Michael K. Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Doc
23、ument Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush's Memex, J. Am. Soc. for Information Science, Vol 43 No 4, May 1992, pp 284-294o Vannevar Bush's Memex likely anticipated as a technical development by 1931 patent by Emanual Goldberg, and reference would/should have been known.BurnsJ95 (*) Burns, John an
24、d Lloyd, Sheelagh A. Position-sensing Apparatus, United States Patent 5,442,147, August 15, 1995o Opticial digitizer tablet: Note similarity to Anoto: printed surface of pattern cells, making use of sub-patterns. Refers also to a single-pixel sensor stylus.Bursky92 (*) Bursky, Dave Chip Set Simplifi
25、es the Design of Pen-Based PCs, Electronic Design, November 2, 1992o PICK (Pen Interface Controller Kit) digitizer interface chip set from TriTech Electronics, to support Scriptel electrostatic digitizer in pen-computing. Refers to changes in pen-position frequency (from 100KHz?) to deal with enviro
26、nmental noise from backlight, etc.BusinessWeek95 (*) Business Week PenRight! launches first cross platform pen-based mobile computing application development tool, Business Week magazine (Business Wire), July 24, 1996o Abstract/Summary only: PenRight cross-platform development environmentBuxton91? (
27、*) Buxton, Bill Chapter 7: Touch, Gesture and Marking, http:/www.dgp.utoronto.ca/OTP/papers/bill.buxton/haptic.htmlo haptic inputBuxton94x . Buxton, W. Combined keyboard / touch tablet input device, Xerox Disclosure Journal, 19(2), 109-111.o See also http:/Buxton94y (*) Buxton, W. Two-handed Documen
28、t Navigation, Xerox Disclosure Journal, 19(2), 103-108.o Two overlapping operations by user as same time using pointing input in both hands. Describes scrolling gestures: smooth scrolling as touch-slide-release, page turning with touch-rapid flick-release, and jumping to scrollbar touch location on
29、a touch surface. Also mentions wireless touch tablet PARCtab.o See also http:/CappsS95 (*) Capps, Stephen, and Beernink, Ernest H. Method and apparatus for formatting paragraphs, United States Patent 5,479,596, December 26, 1995, Assigned to Apple Computer Inco Automatic re-flow / formatting of para
30、graphs from handwritten (or pointing input): compare to van Raamsdonk.o Stephen Capps is listed in over 50 patents for pen-computing user-interface features, mostly from the Apple Newton.o Patents cite little or no prior art before 1990: citations to van Rammsdonck, Pencept, and CIC would have been
31、in orderCarrR91 (*) Carr, Robert and Shafer, Dan The Power of Penpoint, Addison Wesley, 1991, ISBN: 0-2015-7763-1o Technical background and information and rationale for design of PenPoint operating system by GO corporation for pen computing, incorporating gestures and handwriting recognition, integ
32、rated digitizer tablet and display. Includes sections on applications that do not rely on handwriting recognition. Option sheets, writing pads in UI.ChangL94 (*) Chang, Larry and MacKenzie, I. Scott A Comparison of Two Handwriting Recognizers for Pen-based Computers, Proceedings of CASCON '94,
33、pp. 364-371, Toronto: IBM Canadao Compare Pen-Windows and CIC Handwriter recognizers: the CIC handwriting recognizer performed better, both with and without constraints.ChattyS95 (*) Chatty, Stephane; Lecoanet, Patrick; and Mertz, Christophe Toward pen-based interaction with ATC tools, Air Traffic C
34、ontrol Quarterly, Vol 3 No 4, 1995, pp 205-228o GRIGRI (French slang for scribble) system using pen-computing gesture recognition in user interface for air traffice control ATC. Modeled on flight strips for air traffic control. See also Digistrips. Numeric entries for flight numbers via menus. Cites
35、 PenPoint. Lists fifteen single-stroke gestures, some of which are alphabetic. Mentions that pen-based computing is bad for large ATC display screens (arm fatigue). Refers to gesture input as mark-based input.Chefalas92 (*) Chefalas, Thomas E.; Fujisake, Tetsunosuke; Kim, Joonki; and Tappert, Charle
36、s C. Robust Prototype Establishment in an On-line Handwriting Recognition System, United States Patent 5,121,441, June 9, 1992o Averaging out the training sets in a trainable recognizer to get a better prototype for elastic matchingCIC92 (*) CIC Communications Intelligence Corporation CIC Press Rele
37、ase: CIC PenDOS Handwriter Recogniton Systems licensed exclusively to IBM, Software Industry Report: October 19, 1992CloughWA91 (*) Clough, William A.; Ouelette, Daneil; De La Sablonniere, Serge Portable Computer with Touch Screen and Computer System Employing Same, PCT International Pattent Applica
38、tion 0 91/12578, 22 August 1991o Portable slate pen-computer using touch screen (not proximity digitizer): Microslate, Inc. of Canada.CloughWA95 (*) Clough, William A.; Ouelette, Daneil; De La Sablonniere, Serge Portable Computer with Touch Screen and Computer System Employing Same, United States Pa
39、tent 5,379,057, January 3, 1995o Portable slate pen-computer using touch screen (not proximity digitizer): Microslate, Inc. of Canada. Generic claim appears to be having an automatic application generator. Refers to drop-down pick list as a library of answers for touch-screen selection. Later rights
40、 owned by Typhoon Touch Technologies.CohenO93 (*) Cohen, Oryx; Meyer, Shawna; and Nilsen, Erik Studying the Movement of High Tech. Rodentia: Pointing and Dragging, InterCHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Amsterdam, 1993, pp 135-136.o Comparison of MousePen, Microtouch UnM
41、ouse, Touch Pad, Mouse, trackballs, joystick: UnMouse lower accuracy than touchpad for human use (dragging, pointing): not clear that UnMouse was used in absolute or relative mode; refers to poor placement of barrel buttons on PenMouse stylusComerford93 (*) Comberford, Liam D., Ellozy, Hamed A., Jel
42、enek, Frederick, Levy, Stephen E., and Nahamoo, David Method and Apparatus for Improving the Paper Interface to Computing Systems, United States Patent 5,243,149, September 7, 1993o Electronic clipboard tablet computer with audio recording, optical scanner, digitizing tabletComputerwoche93 (*) Compu
43、terwoche Pen-computing-Anbieter setzen nicht alle technischen Trends um, Computerwoche V. 22, 1993: available at http:/puterwoche.de/heftarchiveo Comparison of pen-enabled products Windows for Pen-Computing by Microsoft and Pen-DOS from CIC with more radical approach of PenPoint by GO Corporation, w
44、ith operating system designed from the ground up, but none have met market estimates for success. Mentions that Windows for Pen Computing allows the definition of gestures. CIC Handwriting recognition licensed by IBM as best performing. Also Pen-Right from Grid computing.Cornett91 (*) Cornett, Johnn
45、y A. and Corbett, James D. Touchscreen Control Panel with Sliding Touch Control, United States Patent 5,053,758, October 1, 1991o Touchscreen GUI technique, where user slides finger to target, and releases on target: intended to get past inaccuracies/mis-registration of touchscreen film digitizer wi
46、th display. Compare to Litvin techniques, which are not cited as prior art.o Contains reference to Minsky gesture article, 1984CraneHD93 (*) Crane, Hewitt D. and Rtischev, Dimitry Pen and voice unite: Adding Pen and Voice Input to Today's User Interfaces Opens the Door for More Natural Communic
47、ation with Your Computer, BYTE Magazine, Vol 18 No 11, October 1993, pp. 98-102o (abstract only) compare with Anoto-technology products incorporating voice recording for electronic ink notes? The strengths of pen and voice technologies complement each other to create a powerful, natural user interface. Speech to text systems must deal with a wide range of homophones words that sound the same but have different meanings.Cripps95 (*) Cripps, Marcus Introduction to PenWindows, Available at http:/tawny.cs.nott.ac.uk/AMI/apprentice/INTERNAL/tech08.htmo