三维设计2013届高考英语一轮复习课件:第九讲名词和冠词.ppt

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1、,1view, sight, scene (1)view(从某角度看到的)景色,风景,自然美景。 (2)sight 情景,景象,看见的事物。 (3)scene 景象,风光,事故现场,场面。,From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise. 从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。 Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park, Im full of confidence of our country. 看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面,我对我

2、们国家(的未来)充满了自信心。,2reputation, impression (1)reputation 表示“名誉,名声”。 (2)impression 表示“印象”,常用于短语give/leave an impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(摘自2010江苏高考) 这名医生在治疗心脏病方面医术高超,而且从不收病人的礼物

3、,所以享有良好的名誉。,3state, position, condition, situation (1)state 状态,样子,情况,形势。 (2)position位置,职位。 (3)condition条件,境况。 (4)situation形势,状况,局面。,From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.(摘自2009陕西高考) 从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置,游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。 School children must be taught

4、how to deal with dangerous situations. 学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。 He was in a poor state of health. 他的健康状况不佳。,4mark, sign, signal, symbol (1)mark 标志,标记。 (2)sign 记号,标记,迹象。 (3)signal 信号。 (4)symbol 象征,符号。,In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand u

5、p.(摘自2009湖北高考) 在课堂上,铃声响起,老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。 In communication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.(摘自2011重庆高考) 在交流方面,微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。,1(2011福建高考)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major_of global climate change. Aresult Bcause Cwarning Drefl

6、ection,解析:考查名词辨析。句意:公众缺乏环保习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。cause “原因,起因”; result “结果”; warning “警告”; reflection “反思,反省”。根据句意可知,正确答案为B项。,答案: B,2(2011浙江高考)Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _. Aemotions Bprinciples Cregulations Dopinions,解析:考查名词辨析。句意:无论如何我都不能欺骗他这违背我做人的原则。principle常用复数形式,意为“(行为的)准则、规范”。如:p

7、rinciples of conduct “行为的准则”。emotion “情感,情绪”; regulation “规章,规则”; opinion “意见,看法,主张”。,答案: B,3(2011四川高考)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens_. Atouch Bsight Creach Ddistance,解析:考查名词词义辨析。out of ones reach表示“在某人够不着的地方”。句意:切记将诸如小刀之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of touch “失去联系”;

8、out of sight “看不见”;out of distance “离太远,达不到”。,答案: C,4(2011山东高考)Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. Atradition Bbalance Cconcern Drelationship,解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:在我们办公室有一个传统:有人过生日的时候,他们就会带来一个蛋糕与大家分享。tradition“惯例,传统”,符合句意。,答案: A,5(2012济南二模)Ch

9、ina has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. Areputation Binfluence Cimpression Dknowledge,解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。reputation“名誉,名声”,符合句意。influence“影响,作用”;impression“印象”;knowledge“知识”。,答案: A,1抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体 指特定的某一件事时

10、,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。 (1)difficulty 困难; a difficulty 一件难事 (2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历 (3)failure 失败; a failure一位失败者,一件失败的事 (4)knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 丰富的知识,(5)success 成功;a success一位成功者,一件成功的事 (6)surprise 惊奇; a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事 (7)honour 荣誉; an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 Its a good feeling for peo

11、ple to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.(摘自2010福建高考) 上海世博会给人们带来了快乐,欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。 His new book was a great success. 他的新书获得巨大成功。,2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词,Would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗? I would like a coffee and two beers. 我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。,1(2012宝鸡市质量检测一)It is _ great honor for China

12、 to develop _ fastest computer in todays world. Aan; an Ban; the Ca; the Da; a,答案: C,解析:考查冠词。句意:中国研发出如今世界上最快的电脑,这真是一件令人荣幸的事。此处honor为抽象名词具体化,要加不定冠词,又因为great是以辅音音素开头的单词,应该用a;第二空形容词最高级前要用定冠词。,2(2012无锡市高三检测)The book has been considered as _ mustread for those who want to get _ success. Athe; a Ba; a Ca;

13、 不填 Dthe; 不填,解析:考查冠词的用法。a mustread泛指“必读物”;get success表示“取得成功”。故选C项。,答案: C,3(2012海南五校联考)As it turned out, _ 2010 World Expo in Shanghai was _ success. A不填; a Bthe; 不填 Cthe; a Da; a,答案: C,解析:考查冠词。第一空处特指2010年上海世博会,应用定冠词the; 第二空后的success是抽象名词具体化,应用不定冠词a。故答案为C项。,1不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some,意为“一个”。 Could you

14、 tell me the way to the Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have a Johnson here in the village. 请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走? 对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。,2不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前。 Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must on international trade today. 许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英 语知识是必备的。,3不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日 期前。 The

15、 walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch. 这段路程预计要走一整天,所以带一份盒装午饭。 Its a wise choice to use a four wheel drive on a snowy day. 在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。,4“a(n)序数词”不表示排序,表“又一、再一”。 Can you give me a second chance, please?(another chance) 再给我一次机会好吗?,5不定冠词a(n)用于most形容词之前无比较含义,表 示程度,意为“很,非常”。 Di

16、d you have a good time yesterday, Jane? Yes, as you know, the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere. 简,你昨天玩得好吗? 是的,你知道,晚会一直在很愉快的气氛中进行。,1(2011新课标全国卷)It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man. Aa; a Ba; the Cthe; the Da; 不填,解析:考查冠词的用法。 句意:人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢

17、地站起来去战斗。 两个空都表示泛指, 因此都填不定冠词a。,答案: A,2(2011全国卷)As he reached _ front door, Jack saw _strange sight. Athe; 不填 Ba; the C不填; a Dthe; a,解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:杰克到前门时,他看到一个奇怪的景象。第一空the front door 表示“前门”,表示特指用 the; 第二空表示“一种奇异的景象”,表示泛指,故用a。,答案: D,3(2012西城第一学期检测), which has _ food and drink programme with clear expla

18、nations, is _ very popular website. Aa; the Bthe; 不填 Ca; a D不填; a,解析:考查冠词的用法。句意: 是一个很受欢迎的网站,它里面有一个配有清晰讲解的饮食节目。根据句意可知,本题中的两空处都表示泛指,因此都用不定冠词。,答案: C,4(2012南京二模)What disappointed _ Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup _ second time, with four points from three

19、matches. Athe; a B不填; a Cthe; the D不填; the,解析:考查冠词用法。句意:最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯,三场比赛只得了四分。the Chinese表示“中国人”;不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一;又一”。,答案:A,5(2012江西抚州市适应性测试)I was invited to have _ good breakfast and _ restaurant we went to was excellent. Aa; the B不填; the Cthe; a Da; 不填,解析:考查冠词。句意:我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也

20、很好。在三餐前一般不用冠词,但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,需要加冠词,此处泛指一顿丰盛的早餐,应用不定冠词a;restaurant后面有一个定语从句,表特指,应用the。,答案:A,1用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位 或表示发明物等的名词前。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 1876年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。,点津 有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空,nature自然,man人类等。,2用在序数词和

21、形容词最高级前面。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China. 杨利伟是中国登上太空的第一人。,3用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。 I got paid by the hour. 我按小时得到报酬。,,,4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 It was not rare in the 1990s that people in

22、their fifties went to university for further education. 在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。,1(2011山东高考)Take your time its just_ short distance from here to_ restaurant. A不填; the Ba; the Cthe; a D不填; a,解析:考查冠词。句意:不用急,从这里到饭店只有一小段路程。a short distance 表示“一小段距离”;由语意可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店,所以用定冠词the。,答案: B,2(2011江西高

23、考)Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000_ year. Right, he will also get paid by_ week. Athe; the Ba; the Cthe; a Da; a,解析:考查冠词。句意:“据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60000美元的工作。” “是的,而且会按周付薪。”第一空用a,构成a year 相当于every/per year, 而“by the计量单位名词”(按计算)。如 by the hour/week/month/year“按时/周/月/年计算”。,答案: B,3(2012江西八校联考)T

24、he most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. A不填; 不填 Bthe; 不填 Cthe; the Da; the,解析:考查冠词。part后面有that引导的定语从句限定,所以第一空应该用定冠词;第二空,Industrial Revolution(工业革命)是由普通名称构成的专有名词,前面应该加定冠词。,答案: C,4(2012太原模拟)The education of _ young is always _ hot and seriou

25、s topic in modern society. Athe; 不填 Ba; the C不填; the Dthe; a,解析:考查冠词。第一空是“the形容词”表示一类人,这里表示“年轻人”;第二空表示“一个热门而严肃的话题”,表泛指,故用不定冠词a。故选D项。,答案: D,1连系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词不用冠词,但名 词前若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠词。 Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer. 鲁迅成为作家前是医生。,2as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置 于句首,习惯上单数

26、名词前不用冠词。 Clever boy as he is, he cant solve such a difficult problem. 尽管他是个聪明的孩子,他无法解决这么难的问题。,3在某些独立主格结构,如“单数名词介词短语”中, 名词前不用冠词。 He rushed into the classroom, book in hand. 他冲进教室,手里拿着一本书。,4no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用 冠词。 Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the

27、world.(摘自2010重庆高考) 一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有“免费的午餐”。,5称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语 补足语及同位语时,不加冠词。常用名词有king, president, chairman, monitor, head等。 Hu Jintao, chairman of the Peoples Republic of China, is considered as a wise leader. 胡锦涛,中华人民共和国主席,被认为是一位英明的领导者。,1(2011四川高考) Dr.Peter Spence, _ headmaster of the school,

28、told us, “ _ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” A不填; A B不填; The Cthe; The Da; A,解析:考查冠词。表示职位名称的词作同位语或补足语时,之前不用冠词,所以headmaster之前不用冠词;a fifth of pupils为五分之一的学生,所以第二空前用不定冠词。,答案: A,2(2012临沂市质量检测)The only solution to _ global warming is to carry out _ lowcarbon economy. Athe; 不

29、填 B不填; the C不填; a Dthe; the,解析:考查冠词。句意:解决全球变暖的唯一方法是实施低碳经济。global warming是抽象名词,前面不用冠词; a lowcarbon economy中的不定冠词表示“一种”。,答案: C,3(2012枣庄高三调研)It is reported that _ earthquake in Oct.23, in Turkey has damaged many buildings, many of which are beyond _ repair. Athe; 不填 Ban; a Can; the D不填; the,解析:考查冠词。第一空,特指十月二十三日发生在土耳其的地震,故用定冠词;第二空,beyond repair含义为“无法修理”,不加冠词。,答案: A,4(2012海淀第二学期期中练习)How about _ party? Cool! It was really _ great fun! Pity you werent there. Aa; a Bthe; a Cthe; 不填 Da; 不填,解析:考查冠词用法。问句指的是双方都知道的那次晚会,是特指;fun是不可数名词,故用零冠词。,答案: C,点击此图片进入“综合演练”,

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