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1、his company into two parts. They say that he is unfair to other people who want to sell similar software. Because hefits his new software free in every new computer, the government says he is stopping other companies from selling their programs. This is not fair. Everyone should be able to do what t
2、hey can to make their company bigger. Bill Gates has not only done what he can to stop other competitors. He is very rich, but he is generous. He has given millions of dollars to help the education and the health of many children around the world. You could not meet a better man than Bill Gates.A co
3、mpetitors of Bill GatesBill Gates has been very successful and become very rich. He is very generous but how has he got his money? He has down this by making sure that no one else will be able to compete with his software. His software is not the best but it is used most widely in the world. When he
4、 sees what is needed, he makes a program and produces it quicker than anybody else. That way he gets a large part of the software market. Then he works on improving the software later. He tries hard to stop others making better software. In 1995 the government tried to make things fairer for people
5、like me. The government wanted to make Microsoft into two companies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich. This meant that they could not stop somebody else making new software. I always wonder how he could get so rich so quickly. Has he done it by fair means? Or has he done it by being
6、a computer bully?必修二Unit 1In search of the amber roomFrederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to
7、 make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.In fact, the room was not ma
8、de to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became pa
9、rt of the Czars winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important vistors. Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 th
10、e room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was cnsidered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was atime when
11、 the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furnitures and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woo
12、den boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at a time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old
13、 photos of the former Amber room, they have made the new one looke like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th bithday of their city.A fact of an opinionWhat is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be p
14、roved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact.Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinoion is not good evidence in a trail. For example, it is an opinion if you say “
15、Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.In a trail, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyew
16、itness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence.Big Feng to the rescueHis friends and family call him “Big Feng” because he is bery
17、tall and played basketball as a young man. But he is also big in a different way he fights hard to protect Chinas past. His real name is Feng Jicai and he has written many novels about life in China. Several years ago, however, he put down his pen for a while and began to protect the cltural relics
18、in Tianjin, where he lives. Once someon asked him why he no longer wrote. He replied that at the moment he felt protecting cultural relics was more important. Feng loves his hometown. He believes that old things must be given a plave next to new thins, or people will soon forget ther great past. He
19、does not make speeches to get others to help him in his projects. Instead he goes out and does what he can himeself. If others follow him, so much the better. One of his biggest projects was to protect the oldest street in Tianjin. Along that street some shops had done business for seven hundred yea
20、rs. Althought the city government rebuilt this street, they did save its oldest building. Another project was more successful: he persuaded the city government to buy some land in the centre of the city so it could not be sold for businesses. This area is very improtant for the history of Tianjin. I
21、t was here that the city was first built during the Song Dynasty. Later many treasures were found here.To Feng, digging down in to the earth is like reading page after page of a book. Each dynasty found in the earth is like an interesting story. Not long ago he and other writers and artists took pho
22、tos of the old parts of Tianjin. The photos were put into a book which was very popular. The money from the book helps his prjects. Once, and old man asked Feng to sign a book for him, saying he would give it to his grandson who was not yet born. Feng was glad to do it - he knows that he past is not
23、 only for us to enjoy but also for the children of the future.Unit 2An interviewPausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2000 year ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th ,2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympics G
24、ames.P: My name is Pausanias. I lived in what you call “ Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. Ive come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland. May I ask you some questions about th
25、emodern Olympics?L: Good heavens! Have reallycome from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know?P: How often do you hold your Games?L: Every four years. There are two main sets of Gamesthe Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four
26、years on a regular basis. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winte
27、r? And what about the horses?L: Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics. Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimmin
28、g, sailing and all the team sports.P: I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!L: Nowadays an
29、y country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and P: Please wait a minute! All those events, 年产6000吨PVC-U大口径管材项目可行性研究报告市塑料有限公司二一年
30、一月目 录1. 总论-61.1 项目背景-61.2 项目建设地区概况-81.3 初步可行性研究的依据-131.4 建设规模及产品方案-131.5 主要建设条件-141.6 设计原则-151.7 主要设计内容-152. 市场分析及建设规模与产品方案-162.1 市场分析-162.2 建设规模和产品方案-193. 主要技术经济指标-204. 生产工艺-234.1 概述-234.2 设计规模及产品方案-234.3 工艺生产车间组成-244.4 产品质量标准-244.5 原料质量标准-244.6 生产工艺及生产方法-245. 总图运输-315.1 区域概况-315.2 总平面布置-335.3 工厂运输
31、-335.4 工厂消防及绿化-336. 电力-346.1 电力负荷及性质-347. 热力工程-357.1 锅炉房-357.2 厂区热力管网-358. 给排水-368.1 设计范围-368.2 用水量-368.3 水源-368.4 消防给水-368.5 厂区排水-369. 采暖通风-379.1 设计依据及设计原则-379.2 气象资料-369.3 除尘设计原则-389.4 收尘措施-389.5 通风措施-3910. 自动化控制-4010.1 控制方式-4010.2 控制水平-4010.3 仪表选型-4010.4 仪表维修-4111. 土建工程-4211.1 设计原则-4211.2 建筑结构设计-
32、4211.3 建筑防火-4312. 机械维修-4413. 职业保护及职业安全卫生-4513.1 厂区周围社会情况-4513.2 主要污染源-4513.3 污染物的治理方案-4513.4 环境管理和监测机构-4613.5 职业安全卫生-4614. 节能措施-4715. 防火措施-4815.1 总平面布置-4815.2 建筑与结构-4815.3 电气防火-4815.4 消防给水-4816. 项目总投资估算-5016.1 工程概况-5016.2 编制依据及原则-5016.3 项目总投资估算-5017. 技术经济分析-5217.1 组织机构及劳动定员-5217.2 职工培训-5317.3 总投资及资金
33、筹措-5417.4 建设进度及资金使用计划-5617.5 成本费用估算-5717.6 损益估算-6017.7 财务评价-6317.8 不确定性分析-6517.9 综合评价-671. 总论1.1 项目背景1.1.1 项目概况项目名称：年产6000吨PVC-U管材项目建设性质: 扩建建设地址：市河滨工业园区项目业主：市塑料厂法人代表：刘军1.1.2 建设单位及项目简介1.1.2.1 项目建设单位简介市塑料厂建于1974年，现已改制为股份制企业。企业位于市康乐路，占地面积4067m2，建筑面积2007m2，截至2004年底，企业资产总额1500万元，资产负债率60%，2004年企业实现销售收入160
34、0万元，税后利润60万元，上缴税金40万元。企业现有职工100人，其中：管理及技术人员20人。管理及技术人员中具有高级职称3人，中级职称12人，初级职称5人。企业现有各类设备35台（套），其中：单螺杆PVC-U管材生产线3条；聚乙烯管材生产线3条，聚乙烯薄膜生产设备3台。供电、供水、供暖设施齐全。企业现具有生产各类塑料制品能力2500吨/年，其中：PVC-U管材1500吨；聚乙烯管材600吨；聚乙烯薄膜400吨。多年来，尤其是企业改制以后，企业领导班子，以加快企业发展为第一要务，以提高经济效益为中心，以挖潜改造和节能降耗为提高企业市场竞争力的有效手段，潜心研究塑料加工产品的发展趋势，以市场为导
35、向，紧紧围绕技术创新的主线，带领企业职工加快企业发展，使企业由小到大，由弱到强，从一个年产几百吨的小厂，发展成为产品较为齐全的塑料加工企业，现已成为较大的塑料制品生产企业。1.1.2.2 项目技术依托单位简介本项目锥形双螺杆塑料挤出机及辅机计划选购上海申威达机械有限公司生产的设备，本项目的设备安装及生产指导均由该公司负责。上海申威达机械有限公司是以生产“飞达”牌切纸机械、包装机械、塑料机械三大类系列产品为主的生产型中外合资企业。注册资本584万美元，资产总额2.38亿元。该公司先后获得了ISO9001质量保证体系的认证证书和欧洲标准化组织（CEN）颁发的“CE”安全标准证书。公司以品种多、规格
36、齐、配套全、质量优特点，赢得了国内用户好评。其中切纸机械在机械结构、裁切门幅、控制方式、配套服务等方面，享有“切纸机王国”的美称；SJZ、GF、YF系列锥形双螺杆塑料挤出机及辅机被认定为国家级新产品，其质量与性能已接近国际先进水平；塑料型材生产线均采用欧美先进技术研制，能适应高速型材生产的需求。多年来，产品销往日本、英国、法国、荷兰、比利时、德国等五十多个国家和地区，尤其在美国切纸机械进口业务中，公司的销量已名列第二。2003年产品销售收入达2.52亿元。公司及其主导产品先后获得”上海名牌产品四连冠”、”国家机械工业部名牌产品”、”上海高新技术企业”、上海市和全国的”用户满意企业”及”上海市文
37、明单位”等称号。1.1.2.3 项目简介本项目依托市西部氯碱公司年产15万吨PVC产品的原料优势，发挥本公司多年从事塑料管材的技术和经营管理优势，扩大已占领的市场份额，发展市场前景十分看好的大口径PVC-U管材，实施企业规模化发展，产业化经营的发展战略，企业特提出建设本项目。本项目拟选厂址位于市河滨工业园区，项目占地20亩，距原料生产厂家仅6km。本项目的建设为实施公司规模化发展战略和延长氯碱工业的产业链奠定了坚实的基础。本项目符合国家产业政策，属于国家鼓励发展的建设项目。1.1.3 项目建设的必要性河流水和地表水通过蓄水工程和输水工程蓄存和远距离输送，能调节天然降水在时间和空间上的分配不均，是农业灌溉的主要水源。但从水源到农田输水过程中水的损失量很大，全国平均为50%，其中水量损失包括渗漏、蒸发和跑水。为了减少渠道的损失，可以将渠道硬化使其防漏。用砖和水泥衬砌渠道，可将渠系水的利用率提高20%；该渠道输水为管道输水可提高水的利用率30%-40%。我国人均水资源量只有2