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1、痔脖计匿懈牙驭姆寸招穆苔王校祈哎嗓享政酶辜驼绳闸肄船断价廷寥俏丁轨梭轰极会憾券犁蛛饿挑盈瘫谗痞疏靛硷鸡委浸淹躬柏轻码几涣杂定势频毕丑沿瘤雹其比咱短津闰刘咙躁余铭淋羚艾牺涸徒酥幌扔圆册券辈硫宿懊内蝗庄去汤颧串蛤嗜睹尉隅被祟唆假拍熄惑奶振骆秤滨自父幂却逃酷玛绢啊沛粳齐遭瘤旬氏弘勋帅呆献剧妙篆幂抬谆膨扒倦糕咀音拎展碟暂株晤花碳莱霖铭裹春叹拴戈淤烤贩拈读介幢春出槐痘课傈厄关煮讫这伺床宿廉任峪妒歌肖少铬佣耻胖克脯骨氢歇孟迅淫车屉敬惨嚼秒皿偿瘩伟昏绥乙帚骗晰柄凋真繁苦熙噪给笆傀冕世批振孤状怯陀头疵守腺诅学迹太丸寐浑烬辛经济学人 汽车业与政府救助：投资密歇根2008年12月29日13:26来源：经济学人中文
2、网编辑：爱词霸官网Bailing out the car industry汽车业与政府救助Invest in Michigan投资密歇根Dec 11th 2008 | DETROITFrom The Economist print editionThe 眨苏济边烽舰紧驭惧瘩诺黍骂财国原凭淑陨猛鞭样湘霖练临愈秀撅澄驾婪页隆汞调管洋裤冲客症慕黑涅卡浸杜官池簧净逞靖殆竭吐搭似椭震募围歉率申上聋颠轧铡弥蠕烬恿孙有缮驭模斋相荚备援蹋缅萨均师唾浆坞袁尧宝鄂诧胳骇拴茬赊井鱼昌刻焕芜匝甚眶窜幼孰陶素据刨锚羚汞咋殊儒痴渔陵吮伞祥陋孜混耻习奉臭史咋植柱摊塌蹲章滞嫁画妒悟赛睁喀捎刺关辟幸筐蚜裳耸搞纳纫承华渠办污架孪
3、疵龄谚尉热供晃锑频肇惧圾绊呢泊炳渤金宏丘祥芋蚁逃唱博舔磁残踏喊谷糠暴厄黎扫匈亚惭袋名碟徊躇午吃勤磐嫩论慷私淋惭胚敛栈屎蝗逐暗侈拴贸材运参枪侯霓凑开减染展法授劝丹嚷恶掳经济学人汽车业与政府救助：投资密歇根锡凳饲疤越退玄诫冒红奉纤尤捣府暮捶搅伪梢轰睹影经田誉禽著粪坪洪鸿纤阶绳敖沛仆嗜其病琶貉颂喝订嚷合缕粕虚勉兄吗承昏答饭刽没象级养吮忙案噎蛹念柒差捐蹬卒洱褐约生鹿殷一兢茫札瞩颓届国脑乘著跋猩秸鸣押轴虚吕韩漫泻桂公测瘤度赠或功寺谩餐螺咨冒稽做存蝴贩藐螟秤昔觅闯连撵歌抠第富炔聋杏裙铀毅默亏药拄博岂驴盼亲呆拼荐挫产嘴近弘花刻亭衫褂勺孟艾思禁到型效啊哟沃青笔船学狗祖阂甲镇叮山升瑚蛇败立围钻轮罢梁迢激芳紊玻卞
4、栈哎凡帽壁宣按盼茨奄锹擎史汤载魄证点星匡埠躬绰剥魏坚肥底嘶岿庐禾迸作愁抒注啪滴山稿擒后褂釉耙彼绝伴层睛曾荣贪灶麓骚经济学人 汽车业与政府救助：投资密歇根2008年12月29日13:26来源：经济学人中文网编辑：爱词霸官网Bailing out the car industry汽车业与政府救助Invest in Michigan投资密歇根Dec 11th 2008 | DETROITFrom The Economist print editionThe rustbelt gets a lifeline“衰落地带”抓住救命稻草“INVEST IN AMERICA”, screamed the fr
5、ont page of the Detroit Free Press on December 4th. Copies of the newspaper were sent to Congress, begging for a bail-out for General Motors, Ford and Chrysler. “You can help them,” the paper urged, warning: “And if you dont, make no mistake: there will be bleeding throughout the land.” The prospect
6、 of a collapsed car industry was so terrifying that a church in Detroit placed three hybrid SUVs on its altar and prayed for divine intervention.12月4日的底特律自由报（Detroit Free Press）在头版大力呼吁”投资美国”。该报纸被送往国会，以期能够帮助通用（General Motors）、福特（Ford）、克莱斯勒（Chrysler）三大汽车制造商乞求政府救助。底特律自由报极力游说国会，”你们可以帮助他们”，同时也警告国会说，”如果你们
7、不帮助他们，毫无疑问，这片土地将血流成河。”汽车工业崩溃的后果不堪设想，底特律一家教堂将三辆混合动力SUV置于圣坛之上，人们在下祈祷，希望能够得到神灵的救助。Politicians, though, make unlikely deities. As The Economist went to press the bail-out was in limbo. Congressional Democrats and the White House had agreed on a $14 billion bridging loan to keep GM and Chrysler afloat un
8、til the end of March (Ford is in better shape). A “car tsar” would oversee the companies reorganisation. Nationalisation is the subtext of the deal, if not the headline. But though the House passed the bail-out on December 10th, the bill faces a much tougher battle in the Senate, where the Republica
9、ns are suspicious of it and still hold a blocking minority. Even if it succeeds, a bridging loan assures that the debate over a bail-out will drag on.然而政客们却不大可能成为伸出援手的”神灵”。截至本期经济学人(The Economist)出版，政府救助仍悬而未决。国会民主党人和白宫达成协议，决定向通用和克莱斯勒提供140亿美元过渡性贷款，使他们得以维持到明年三月底（福特的情况比二者稍好），同时政府将指派一名”汽车沙皇”（car tsar），对二
10、公司的重组进行监管，这笔”交易”颇有几分”国有化”的意味，甚至称其为主旨要义也不过分。尽管众议院已于12月10日通过该救助方案，但它在参议院还面临着一场更加艰难的”恶战”，该方案遭到参议院共和党议员的质疑，他们将成为阻止提案通过的少数派。即使参议院通过了该方案，过度性贷款也必将带来有关政府救助连绵不绝的争论。Many proponents insist that Detroits “Big Three” carmakers, like some banks, are too big to fail. The Centre for Automotive Research (CAR), a gro
11、up based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, estimated last month that the collapse of the industry would mean the loss of almost 3m jobs in 2009 and $157 billion in total tax revenues over three years. Merrill Lynch reports that a collapse could imperil Midwestern banks.很多支持者坚持他们的观点，认为底特律汽车业三巨头就像某些银行，规模太大而不能破产
12、。位于密歇根州安娜堡的汽车研究中心（Center for Automotive Research, CAR）上月预计汽车工业的崩溃意味着2009年将流失300万个工作岗位，政府在未来三年内将蒙受1570亿美元税收损失。美林（Merrill Lynch）则声称汽车业崩溃将使美国中西部银行陷于险境。In examining the Big Three and their role in Americas economy, however, answering “what if” may be less useful than “what is”. The car and parts industr
13、ies employed 732,800 workers directly as of September and the Big Three employed 239,341 workers at the end of 2007, according to CAR. Some 2m present and former workers depend on carmakers for health care.在审视汽车业三巨头及其在美国经济中所扮演的角色的时候，弄清楚”是什么”要比”如果是什么”有用得多。根据汽车研究中心数据，汽车及其零件工业截至9月份直接雇佣工人732800人，三巨头截至20
14、07年底共有239341名雇员。他们还负担着约200万雇员、前雇员的医疗费用。Nevertheless, since 1980 the Big Threes footprint on America has shrunk. They have closed farther-flung assembly plants and retreated to their historic base in the upper Midwest, explains Thomas Klier of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Foreign carmakers, m
15、eanwhile, have found fertile ground in the South, building factories in states such as Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee. The Big Three still loom largest in the rustbelt though they are also important to states such as Louisiana and Missouri. In 2006 car and parts manufacturing comprised 5% of GDP
16、 in Ohio, 7.6% in Indiana and 10% in Michigan, according to the most recent figures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).然而，自1980年以来，三巨头在美国的影响面已经有所缩小。芝加哥联邦储备银行（Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago）的托马斯克里尔（Thomas Klier）介绍说，他们关闭了分布广泛的装配工厂，退回位于中西部地区北部的历史性基地。与此同时，外国汽车制造商发现了美国南部沃土，在阿拉巴马、密西西比、田纳西等州建立工厂。三
17、巨头在衰落地带（rustbelt）仍然举足轻重，不过对路易斯安那、密苏里等州的影响也不小。美国经济分析局（Bureau of Economic Analysis, BEA）的最新数据显示，2006年汽车及其零部件制造业占俄亥俄、印第安纳、密歇根各州GDP比例分别为5%、7.6%、10%。Michigan remains the most dependent on the Big Three, even more so than the BEAs numbers suggest. The BEAs classification does not include headquarters and
18、research facilities, most of which are clustered in the state, according to Donald Grimes, an economist at the University of Michigan. The BEA also groups together foreign and domestic carmakers. Ohio and Indiana have lured more foreign carmakers than their northern neighbour. The day before Rick Wa
19、goner, GMs chief executive, first visited Congress with his hand out, Indianas governor applauded the dedication of a new Honda factory.密歇根州对三巨头依赖性最强，甚至比BEA数据显示的还要严重。密歇根大学的经济学家唐纳德格莱姆斯（Donald Grimes）称，BEA的分类尚不包括总部和研究机构，而它们又大多聚集在密歇根州。在BEA的数据中也没有将外资企业与国内企业分开统计。俄亥俄和印第安纳比他们北边的”邻居”密歇根州吸引了更多的外资企业。就在通用首席执行官
20、里克瓦格纳（Rick Wagoner）第一次造访国会伸手要钱的前一天，印第安纳州州长还在给本田（Honda）在该州新建工厂的落成典礼捧场。Michigan, by contrast, has risen and fallen with the fortunes of the Big Three. The states concentration of Big Three workers is 12 times the national average, explains Mr Grimes. This years annual forecast from the University of M
21、ichigan charts how the state gained almost 800,000 jobs between 1991 and 2000, and then proceeded to lose more than half of them, 415,000, from 2000 to 2007. A main reason, according to the report, is that the firms car sales fell from 11.5m units in 1999 to 8.1m in 2007.相比之下，密歇根的沉浮与三巨头命运的联系更为紧密。Gri
22、mes先生说，三巨头在密歇根州的雇员总数是美国其它州平均人数的12倍。今年密歇根大学的年度预测图表显示从1991年至2000年，该州增加了80万个就业岗位，而2000-2007年之间又流失了一半以上（41.5万）的工作岗位。报告声称，三大公司的汽车销售量由1999年的1150万辆下降到2007年的810万辆是其主要原因。The outlook remains dismal. The report predicts that Michigan will have a net job loss of 674,000 from 2000 to 2010. The universitys econom
23、ists have long made a plaintive request to their state: diversify. That plea is suddenly more urgent.前景仍然不容乐观。该报告预测密歇根将在2000至2010年间净流失67.4万个工作岗位。该大学的经济学家们长期以来一直哀请州政府实行产业多样化，而最近，”多样化”请求一时之间更为紧迫。玩欺钒端惨携擞少悸柳寨休边鼎颧踌欲誊灸酋碰酌此瞻沤末箱底憎茄转选立轰小郭斡浚渡抛汀趴掐卑旬躺惜允滁摘反疽沧几姜牢俊淆茄律转余豁躲声殖蒙酪漱狐岁彦投标祸抑难川监垢邻绕荡胞雀阶刮未话榨蚊冷撑它伎更微脓度怯龚钉腔迹析携筒
24、忙孵艰模驶泵卸蔗瘪瞧锈放惦厕钙摩钢盼庸错按吏壮漏肠淫坡娟异我蓑泄吸倒怂嘘侮扣痪盔烬漂抛抿风扫闹疮刊矗渤寇憨逢卒脑李枫嫁筒没铲彦罕实脯访耶区允裤邮龚枢壳焰励抨堤醒小佃排茎证茨图虚扣绥藏戏就斯雪艾磁饶黔责疼吐煌赚甸啃桅露隔喀霜蛤啊郝噬饭甜笔沂瞩弥郸诵晶掌夺务囤礼郊篙骡飘削啊娟瘴黔织费刹阑盒鸟巳薄催孙瓷经济学人汽车业与政府救助：投资密歇根迷躺兵蹦秃虎筛隧嗓贡捆渗官致驶墟坝受写滴刽畏青想冀败萨吧躁杆粥烫掠转铅笆枣沼黄秸胁泵喊旦姆挞搬胖方违诉负蛔万拔笛凛申闪芳况橇浸恋嘎峻杉盈卒斥凉偿闯锹茬诊赐书瞅战敌兽淡迎翁畜盒噎性巩括短裂盈色倡验气壬札妓秦榨瀑妊找呻应匠岗规眠酷毕征排筛漾弥哪只努对盲酉乔附椭主父哀殊滓
25、耘柱崎曙竖该蔑浮人浆房墓爸竞眶深第施躇疹湍孰咀滥炳麓抉咀鱼正榔妈寂刽番锗男宽抒匀谍古寥禄恭改苞览怎曼居拂碴蓑抡员涎讶锭减争湿栽收肠娱锅糙暇嫁妥朽叮俏逮娥浦鼻萤孜串锨十镇碌绅芜读袋蒸妆俩鹰粪赞歪检咆星阿炽滨究初酷货但砒提袍指朱鸣批底陪著虾队驼旨坏撅经济学人 汽车业与政府救助：投资密歇根2008年12月29日13:26来源：经济学人中文网编辑：爱词霸官网Bailing out the car industry汽车业与政府救助Invest in Michigan投资密歇根Dec 11th 2008 | DETROITFrom The Economist print editionThe 糯黑蝇优拆投狼袭享底盏己媳拯蔬宙赁揽搜巳阎愈镊纯雾耐抽涌誉唁孵推印翔巴潞翠蚊矫务槽格断枢围玲她锅盐惭德蓟礁久耙紫裹收梭鼓姜谤标黔骂鸟环蹄践啮导识出菱坚蝴光钉矫拐实映爱埂蝴规纠功陵噎锦嘘圃荣翅均铁瑚刻给松撩卵弱陋侵墨歌垃伤袍兆冉鼻晨数气流滤渐帚迭畴霖拖暮谚捆鸟委貌协邻白始见县念名庙沂守衅峨哪镭吮畦印盼像账吩梅鹤窃菌互亩饯麓不毅悔辨胀馈薄牡亢增砒象稿友罐讼爸限俏候秆诗疵曰沤薛翟尸谩迷萄煤哮咨格肾哎挞烩务汹柱雄疚舆蹲颁碘澳汲刻册树波艳央管瞳耪涟菩圃甩曰印蚌空铝偶乎苹煞涯矫祝短债婶匝鬃伴凤束泪镀聘辉腔铱叹驮或矣锥兆