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1、大学英语新四级简答题讲座,一、命题原则 简短回答题（Short answer question）旨在考核考生的阅读理解能力和语言表达能力。该题通常是一篇文章，简答题选用的短文难度和长度与阅读理解文章相似，篇幅大约是250-300词。要求考生在阅读完短文后用不超过10个词的简短英文（可以是句子，也可以是单词或短语）回答个所提的问题或补足不完整的句子。每题分，共十分。（05年6月的考题共8题，每题满分为1分或分。）考试时间为15分钟。文章语言难度中等，超纲的生词用汉语注出词义。,二、考查重点 在考查阅读理解的基础上考查了考生的英语表达能力和概括能力。简答题的基础是阅读理解，但对阅读理解的要求更高。
2、 考查的点既有细节题，也有推断题，甚至还有要考生进行总结归纳的题。 与四选一题型相比,由于简答部分只有问题，而且要求考生用简练的语言进行回答（超过10个字是要扣分的），同时还要注意拼写、语法的正确，这就使得简答题要难得多。 简答题较难的另一个原因是在这个部分中几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，所以平时复习时不要报有幻想，而是要从根本上提高自己的阅读能力。,三、简答题评分原则及标准 1. 评分原则 简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简明的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为 2分，最低为0分。 2. 给分标准 2分答出全部内容，语言正确； 1分答出部分内容，语言正确； 0分没有答对问
3、题。,3. 扣分标准 (1) 语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不能超过 0.5分(属于笔误造成的、可辨识的拼写错误，大小写、标点符号错误等，不扣分)。 (2) 涉及无关内容的部分扣0.5分；如答案中有相互矛盾的内容，则内容矛盾的部分均不得分。 (3)照搬原句应扣分，照搬一句扣0.5分；照搬两句或以上者扣2分。 (4)答案超过10个单词扣0.5分。 (5)用汉语作答不给分,四、简答题的解题误区 误区1：答案越长越完整全面。 误区2；照搬原文的答案不会出错，最保险。 误区3：只求找到答案的内容，忽略语言的准确性。,五、简答题解题技巧和注意事项 1、快速浏览全文，把握全文整体内容、思路及逻辑关系
4、，为下一个步骤做好准备。 2、仔细研读文章后的五个问题，迅速确定答案在文章中的位置，可在原文上标出与答案相关的信息，一目了然，方便查阅。 3、依据每个问题所问的内容及所要求的形式用正确简洁的语言组织答案。如题目以“why?”的方式提问，则问的是理由，答案应以原因状语形式出现。特别提示：评分时内容和语言一并考虑，切忌只注重信息而忽略了形式。,4、依据评分原则及标准，考生答题时应注意以下几点： (1)答案在正确、全面的基础上要尽可能简短。该题型的direction中明确要求“answer in the fewest possible words.”。 若答案既可是句子，也可是单词或短语，则单词是最
5、佳答案。此外，只需答中所问，不要展开。 (2)答案避免照搬原句，要在理解的基础上用自己掌握的词语和句型来回答；照搬原句容易造成语言不简洁且没有体现考生的语言表达能力，要扣分。 (3)答案要避免内容上的错误。考生在临场应试时，在原有知识水平上，应避免犯由于审题不清（导致答非所问），粗心大意（导致信息缺损或多余）思路混乱（导致答案前后矛盾），犹豫不决（导致多个答案）等非智力因素所产生的内容上的错误。,(4)答题时必须避免语言错误。 句子成分、动词形式、人称、代词等与题目不对应。 句子结构错误。 语态、时态错误。 词性错误。 主谓不一致，名词的数不一致。 短语搭配不当，冠词、连词等虚词使用不当。,(
6、5)合理分配解题时间，尽量预留两分钟用于检查，核实答案的内容并将答案置于原问题中，查看有无语法错误。,六、简答题典型错误实例分析 以1999年1月四级考试中的简答题为例（以下正确答案并非唯一答案），分析考生中有代表性的语言错误。,Short Answer Questions（ 1999年1月CET4） Would-be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common：they all want some recognition of their professional status，and skills，and a jobThe f
7、ormer requirement is obviously important on a personal level，but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work Ten years ago，the situation was very differentIn virtually every developing country， and in many developed countries as well，being a native English speaker was enough to get you
8、 employed as an English teacher,Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge，the skills，and attitudes to teach English effectivelyThe result of this has been to raise non-native English speakers to the same status as their native counterparts（相对应的人）-something they have always dese
9、rved but seldom enjoyedNon-natives are now happy-linguistic discrimination（语言上的歧视）is a thing of the past,An ongoing research project，funded by the University of Cambridge，asked a sample of teachers，teacher educators and employers in more than 40 countries whether they regard the nativenon-native spe
10、akers distinction as being at all important“No“ was the answerAs long as candidates could teach and had the required level of English，it didnt matter who they were and where they came fromThus，a new form of discrimination-this time justified because it singled out the unqualified-liberated the lingu
11、istically oppressed（受压迫的）But the Cambridge project did more than just that：it confirmed that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar,Q1：The selection of English teachers used to be mainly based on _ Q2：What did non-native English teachers deserve but seldom enjoy? Q3：What k
12、ind of people can now find a job as an English teacher？ Q4：What is the result of the “new form of discrimination”（Line 9，Para4）？ Q5: The phrase “the linguistically oppressed“（Line 11，Para4）refers to those who were _,Q1：The selection of English teachers used to be mainly based on _ （note：red答案对应文中红色部
13、分） 正：whether they were native English speakers（or not） 误：they were English speakers or not（无从句连接词whether，句子结构错误。） 误： whether they are the native speaker or not（名词的数native speaker与主语they不一致,应改为复数。） 误：whether English is his mother tongue or not（代词his与被指代的名词English teachers不对应。）,Q2：What did non-native
14、English teachers deserve but seldom enjoy？（note： blue） 正：The same status as their native counterparts 误：Same status as the native English teachers（冠词使用不当，same前需加定冠词The。） 误：They have the same status as their native counterparts（句子成分与题目不对应，要求回答What的问题，What是deserve和enjoy的宾语，而动词deserve和enjoy后要用名词词组或动名词词
15、组，用句子作答是严重的语言错误。）,Q3：What kind of people can now find a job as an English teacher？ 正：Those who are qualified（note： green） 误：People who has the knowledge，the skills and right attitudes.(定语从句中的主谓不一致,who指代people,是复数，谓语动词应用have；此外，该答案超字。） 误：People who had the knowledge，the skills and right attitudes(时态错
16、误,答案时态应与题目保持一致，即用一般现在时。虽然评卷中有时态错误忽略不计的情况，但答题时应严谨。) 误：Having the knowledge， the skill and teaching English effectively（句子成分与题目不对应，题目问What kind of people，是句中的主语，应用带修饰语的名词或代词作答。）,Q4：What is the result of the “new form of discrimination“（Line 9，Para4）？ 正：The linguistically oppressed are liberatedLiberat
17、ing those who are the linguistically oppressed（note： brown） 误：the linguistically oppressed liberated（语态错误，应用动词过去分词构成的被动态。） 误：liberate the linguistically oppressed（动词形式与题目不对应，题目问的是result-结果，应用句子、名词或名词性的动名词作答，用动词原形无法与题目相呼应。）,Q5: The phrase “the linguistically oppressed“（Line 11，Para4）refers to those w
18、ho were _ 总结归纳题 正：qualified non-native teachers of English 误：qualified but linguistic discriminated because of not being native(词性错误, linguistic修饰discriminated，应改为副词linguistically。),七、总结 知识水平引致的理解错误需假以时日、勤学多练方可解决；但考生在临场应试时，在理解正确的基础上，应避免上述的各种语言错误。建议考生把答案还原到问题中，能快速检查出句子成分、动词形式、时态、人称、代词是否与题目相呼应等重要语言问题。
19、 此外，平时训练时就应严格要求，规范做题。,S1.Economics. S2.Because the increased cost will be more than Marges income. S3. Economic factors and emotional needs. S4.that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction. S5. stay home.,Key to sample 2 S1Parents have greater influence than the school S2They are established
20、well before the age of six S3Science subjects S4They were told by educators not to educate their children S5Teach reading at home,四级汉译英翻译的复习与应试技巧,一、命题原则 翻译题所占分值为5%，时间为5分钟，由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,二、考查重点 四级试卷上的翻译部分，说其简单无非有三。 其一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中，每课都有汉译英译句练习，应该是学生
21、非常熟悉的题型。 其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识。只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主题语境。 其三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。 每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。,三、评分原则及标准 1. 整体内容和语言均正确，满分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，酌情扣分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，酌情扣分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。 但是需要注意到的是，翻译试题的主要挑战不在试题本身，而在所限定的5分钟做题时
22、间。,四、简答题解题技巧和注意事项 第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态 所谓形式包括： 1词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等） 2虚拟 3被动 所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。,第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。 第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。 注意：翻译常见问题 1).理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。 2).理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。 3)表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。 4)加
23、强句法和和词汇基础,1.dopted a new set of rules 2. mainly due to stress and tension in their work 3. more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty 4. All the members except the Chairman voted for my proposal 5. providing new growth opportunities for Chinas foreign and domestic trad
24、e 6. especially in developed countries,7.A glance at this letter 8. If exposed to the air 9. Shocked at what he had heard 10. rather than regret for the past. 11.to have no access 12.to students being late for,13.ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4 14.to reserve a table for 15. will be doing/conductin
25、g the experiment 16. has a strong influence on 17. would not have finished so early 18. wondering about his real purpose 19. attempts to escape being fined,20. not what he said, but the way he spoke 21. hammered in/repeatedly strengthened 22. that the program is currently/at the time being not pract
26、ical/feasible 23. How long will it take 24. its useless to advise him not to be addicted to computer games 25. Regardless of race and religious belief 26. for fear of making her angry 27. no wonder that he was filled with curiosity,28. let alone the criminals 29. has made incredible progress 30. the
27、 memory of his childhood 31. few people dont/ most people complain that their work is tedious/dull/boring 32. cant very well refuse his requests 33. on the rise gradually 34. he left unexpectedly even without telling anything,35. I had no sooner arrived home/No sooner had I arrived home 36. that he
28、had achieved nothing 37. He is in his fifties 38. are facing the problem of shortage of fresh water resource 39. at a loss/in the dark about his plan 40. If only I could have the chance to visit Paris like you 41. than to have classes 42. serve the people heart and soul,43. take this chance/opportunity 44. deprived him of his political rights 45. to take/hold full responsibility for the accident 46. claimed his innocence 47. could hardly make both ends meet 48. Under no circumstance will China first 49. To get/win respect from others 50. whether it is heated or not,