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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12643:1998 BS 6912-
2、10:1998 The European Standard EN 12643:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 53.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Earth-moving machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering requirements Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:33:49 GMT+00
3、:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29160 X BS EN 12643:1998 Ame
4、ndments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12643:1997. It supersedes BS 6912-10:1993 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/513/1, Earth-moving ma
5、chinery (International), which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and
6、promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under t
7、he section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applicati
8、on. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:33:49 GMT+00:0
9、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nati
10、onal Members. Ref. No. EN 12643:1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 12643 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM September 1997 ICS 53.100 Descriptors: Earth moving equipment, self-propelled machines, steering control devices, definitions, specifications, ergonomics, performance tests English version Earth-movi
11、ng machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering requirements (ISO 5010:1992 modified) Engins de terrassement Engins e quipe s de pneumatiques Syste mes de direction (ISO 5010:1992 modifie ) Erdbaumaschinen Radfahrzeuge Lenkvermo gen (ISO 5010:1992 modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CEN
12、on 1997-04-20. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may b
13、e obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centra
14、l Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
15、 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:33:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 12643:1997 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151, Construction equipment and building material machines Safety, the secretariat
16、 of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1998. This European Standard has
17、been prepared on the basis of ISO 5010:1992 elaborated by ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, and contains additionally an alternative test procedure. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and support
18、s essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 5010:1992 was approved by CEN as a European Standard with the agreed common modifica
19、tions given below: normative references are dated; the clause Alternative steering tests and figure 3 have been added. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, C
20、zech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:33:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 12643:
21、1997 BSI 1998 1 Scope This European Standard specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of rubber-tyred self-propelled earth-moving machines having a machine speed, determined in accordance with ISO 6014:1986, greater than 20 km/h. It applies to t
22、ractors, loaders, backhoe loaders, excavators, dumpers, tractor-scrapers and graders equipped with either manual (unassisted) steering, power-assisted steering, or fully powered steering as defined in ISO 6165:1997. This European Standard excludes rollers, compactors and pipelayers. 2 Normative refe
23、rences The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this European Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this European Standard ar
24、e encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid international standards. EN ISO 3450:1996, Earth-moving machinery Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines Systems and perfo
25、rmance requirements and test procedures (ISO 3450:1996). ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery Determination of ground speed. ISO 6165:1997, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary. ISO 7457:1983, Earth-moving machinery Measurement of turning dimensions of wheeled machines. 3 Definitions For t
26、he purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 steering system system including all machine elements between the operator and the ground-contacting wheels participating in steering the machine 3.1.1 manual steering system system depending exclusively on the muscular powe
27、r of the operator to effect normal steering of the machine 3.1.2 power-assisted steering system system employing auxiliary power source(s) to supplement the muscular power of the operator to effect steering of the machine. Without steering auxiliary power source(s), the machine can be steered with m
28、uscle power only (see 6.2.1) 3.1.3 fully powered steering system system in which steering is provided by steering power source(s). Without the power source(s), the machine cannot reasonably be steered with muscle power only (see 6.2.1) 3.1.4 emergency steering system system used to steer the machine
29、 in the event of a failure of the normal steering power source(s) or engine stoppage 3.2 steering power source 3.2.1 normal steering power source means for providing power to effect steering in either power-assisted or fully powered steering systems, for example, hydraulic pump, air compressor, elec
30、tric generator 3.2.2 emergency steering power source means for providing power to the emergency steering system, for example, hydraulic pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery 3.2.3 failure of normal steering power source complete and instantaneous loss of a normal steering power source output. I
31、t is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time 3.3 steering control element manual control means by which the operator provides muscular power inputs to the steering systems to effect the desired steering of the machine, including the typical steering wheel or any equivalent
32、 manual control means 3.4 steering effort necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element in order to steer the machine 3.5 steering angle total displacement angle between the front wheels and the rear wheels as they move about one or more vertical steering axes from their no
33、rmal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition NOTE 1The steering angle for multiple axle machines is determined between the wheels at the farthest forward and the farthest rearward axle. NOTE 2Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine toward the insi
34、de of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering is involved, the location of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified. A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering is included,
35、and also requires the location of steering angle measurement to be specified. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:33:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 12643:1997 BSI 1998 3.6 tyre circle outer tyre clearance diameter determined in accordance with clause 9
36、3.7 working circuit pressure that nominal pressure applied to the specific circuit by the pump(s) 4 General requirements The following requirements apply to all steering systems within the scope of this European Standard. 4.1 The normal steering control element provided for the operator shall contin
37、ue in all circumstances to be the steering control means of the operator. 4.2 All steering systems shall be designed and installed on the machine to withstand, without functional damage, anticipated force inputs from the operator under panic conditions (see 10.1.1). 4.3 The normal steering system se
38、nsitivity, modulation and response shall be adequate to allow the skilled operator to maintain the machine consistently within the intended operating path of each operation for which the machines was designed. This shall be verified by meeting the requirements of 10.2. 4.3.1 Machines with rear axle
39、steering shall also meet the steering stability requirements of 10.2.2. 4.3.2 Machines that have speeds in excess of 20 km/h in reverse shall have similar steering system forces, rates and duration capability in both forward and reverse. This shall be verified by system schematics or calculation. A
40、test in reverse is not required. 4.4 Steering hydraulic circuits shall incorporate the following features: a) pressure control devices as required to avoid excessive pressures in the hydraulic circuit; b) hydraulic hoses, fittings and tubing with test burst pressures at least four times the working
41、circuit pressure control device(s) for normal and emergency steering systems; c) plumbing arrangement which avoid excessively tight hose bends, torsion in the installed hoses, or scrubbing and chafing of hoses. 4.5 Steering system reliability shall be enhanced by the selection and design of componen
42、ts arranged so that inspection and maintenance can be readily performed. 4.6 Steering system disturbances shall meet the conditions in 4.6.1 and 4.6.2. 4.6.1 Steering system disturbances due to other machine functions shall be minimized by appropriate arrangement and geometry. Flexure or travel of s
43、uspension elements, machine side inclinations or axle oscillations and steering variations due to driving and braking torques at the wheels are among the influences which shall be minimized by suitable system arrangement and geometry. 4.6.2 Steering system disturbances due to the influences of exter
44、nal forces on the machine within the applications for which the machine is designed shall not significantly affect steering control. 4.7 Power-assisted and fully powered steering systems shall meet the conditions in 4.7.1 and 4.7.3. 4.7.1 These systems should preferably be separate from other power
45、systems and circuits. Where this is not the case, the power-assisted and fully powered steering systems shall have priority over other systems or circuits except an emergency steering system and emergency stopping system, which shall be maintained at the level of performance specified in EN ISO 3450
46、:1996. 4.7.2 If other systems (consumers) are provided with power from the normal steering power source, any failure in these systems (consumers) shall be considered the same as a failure in the normal steering power source. 4.7.3 A change in ratio between the steering control element and steered wh
47、eels is permissible after failure of the normal steering power source, provided the requirements of 10.3 are met. 4.8 For machines equipped with an emergency steering system, the system should preferably be separate from other power systems and circuits. Where this is not the case, the emergency ste
48、ering devices and circuits shall have priority over all other systems or circuits except the emergency stopping system, which shall be maintained at the level of performance specified in EN ISO 3450:1996. 4.9 The operators manual for machines equipped with an emergency steering system shall include
49、the following information: a) an indication that the machine is equipped with an emergency steering system; b) the emergency steering capability limitations; c) the field test procedure for verifying that the emergency steering system is functional. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:33:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 12643:1997 BSI 1998 5 Ergonomic requirements The following requirements apply to all steering systems within the scope of this European Standard. 5.1 The machine shall