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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 19493:2007 Water quality Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard-substrate communities The European Standard EN ISO 19493:2007 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.060.10; 13.060.70 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, M
2、on Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 19493:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 54108 7 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It i
3、s the UK implementation of EN ISO 19493:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publicat
4、ion does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank
5、University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19493 June 2007 ICS 13.060.10; 13.060.70 English Version Water quality - Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard- substrate communit
6、ies (ISO 19493:2007) Qualit de leau - Lignes directrices pour les tudes biologiques marines des peuplements du substrat dur (ISO 19493:2007) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung fr meeresbiologische Untersuchungen von Hartboden-Lebensgemeinschaften (ISO 19493:2007) This European Standard was approved by
7、 CEN on 9 June 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
8、 may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to th
9、e CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
10、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation
11、 in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19493:2007: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword This document (EN ISO 19493:2007) has been prepa
12、red by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement
13、, at the latest by December 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
14、Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN ISO 19493:2007 Licensed
15、Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 19493:2007(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19493 First edition 2007-06-15 Water quality Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard-substrate communit
16、ies Qualit de leau Lignes directrices pour les tudes biologiques marines des peuplements du substrat dur EN ISO 19493:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: London South Bank Uni
17、versity, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Quality and safety. 3 4 Strategies and objectives for hard-substrate surveys 4 5 Sampling 8 6 Taxon identificati
18、on and sample processing. 11 Annex A (normative) Description of methods. 13 Annex B (informative) Field recording form 17 Annex C (informative) Biological definition of the supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral zones . 18 Annex D (informative) Basis for the choice of semi-quantitative surveys in
19、 a standard . 19 Annex E (informative) Detailed method for calculating level of exposure. 20 Bibliography. 21 EN ISO 19493:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International
20、 Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been est
21、ablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiz
22、ation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voti
23、ng. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
24、 patent rights. ISO 19493 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 230, Water analysis, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical coopera
25、tion between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). EN ISO 19493:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction Surveys of benthic marine algae and fauna on hard substrates represent an important
26、part of marine environmental surveys. The species composition, both in terms of the species present and their relative abundances, is a result of the natural and anthropogenic environmental factors at the survey site. Natural factors that influence species composition include wave exposure, depth, s
27、alinity, nutrient level, type of substrate, slope, orientation, turbidity, current, temperature and grazing. Anthropogenic factors include pollution (e.g. oil, contaminants, particles), physical disturbance, elevated nutrient levels and effects from fisheries. A number of different methods are being
28、 used to investigate flora and fauna on hard substrate according to the survey aim and the type of biotope surveyed. To allow environmental authorities and others to make use of this knowledge, it is essential that surveys are intercomparable in time and space, as well as between operators, and that
29、 the data are of a high quality. This International Standard is based on a limited selection of methods that allow precise documentation, that are replicable and which have been tested over many years. In choosing methods for this standard, semi-quantitative and quantitative techniques have been emp
30、hasized, such that species and quantities can be related to a known area of sea floor. For the purposes of this International Standard, hard substrate is defined as bedrock, stable rocks and fixed marine constructions (e.g. pipelines and quays). The main focus is on biological surveys based on speci
31、es that can be recorded in the field (i.e. that are visible to the naked eye). The guidelines are applicable to seagrass communities and their epiflora and epifauna. They can also be used for surveys of stable substrates comprising loose pebbles/boulders, stone blocks, coarse gravel and other loose
32、material as well as bedrock covered with loose sediment, but in general, such substrates require specially adapted techniques. Additional methods are usually required for surveys in depths greater than approximately 30 m. For sediment sampling in marine areas, refer to ISO 5667-19. For surveys of su
33、blittoral soft-bottom fauna, see ISO 16665. EN ISO 19493:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04
34、 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Water quality Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard- substrate communities 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance for marine biological surveys of supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral hard substrate for environmental impact as
35、sessment and monitoring in coastal areas. This International Standard comprises development of the sampling programme, survey methods, species identification, and storage of data and collected material. This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for environmental monitoring. The
36、methods are limited to surveys and semi-quantitative and quantitative recording techniques that cause little destruction of the fauna and flora. In practice, this refers to direct recording in the field and photography. Sampling by scraping off organisms, use of a suction sampler, etc. are not cover
37、ed in this International Standard, but such techniques can be used as a supplement to obtain information on small-sized species or those that live hidden. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 area of influence area influenced or ex
38、pected to be influenced, based on the available information 2.2 biotope area of uniform environmental conditions (habitat) and its characteristic assemblage of plant and/or animal species EXAMPLE Laminaria hyperborea community (cuvie or tangleweed), knotted wrack community, blue mussel belt. 2.3 mac
39、roscopic organisms algae and animals that are visible without magnification equipment (W 1 mm) and which can be recorded in the field NOTE Certain macroscopic organisms can require microscopic inspection for identification. For microscopy of collected material, the lower size limit is set to 1 mm. E
40、N ISO 19493:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 2.4 hard substrate substrate consisting of bedrock, larger rocks/stones or fixed marine constructions such as wharfs, quays and pipelines NOTE
41、For the purpose of this International Standard, hard substrate can also include other substrates that are not likely to be moved or turned over during a reasonable time period so that perennial species communities are likely to develop (e.g. pebbles and stones in sheltered environments). 2.5 hard su
42、bstrate flora and fauna attached algae and animals, together with relatively stationary animals living on or in close association with hard substrate EXAMPLE Attached: kelp, seaweeds, sponges, bryozoans, corals, mussels, barnacles, ascidians. Relatively stationary: snails, sea-urchins, crabs. 2.6 su
43、pralittoral zone zone above the eulittoral zone, which is reached by spray water NOTE Its upper limit is normally determined by the upper limit of Verrucaria (black lichen belt), blue-green algae (usually Calothrix scopulorum) or littorinid snails. 2.7 eulittoral zone marine intertidal zone which is
44、 submersed and emerged, either periodically due to tides or aperiodically due to irregularly occurring factors, as in the enclosed seas of the Baltic or the Mediterranean NOTE Biologically, this zone is defined as the zone between the upper limit of barnacles and the upper limit of laminarians. In t
45、he Baltic where there is no tide, the eulittoral zone is the zone of short-lived annual algae. 2.8 sublittoral zone zone below the eulittoral zone, which is submersed with the upper part at extreme low water levels occasionally emerging NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the lower limit is set b
46、y the deepest occurring algae. NOTE 2 This is also referred to as the subtidal zone. NOTE 3 Biologically, this zone is defined as the zone between the upper limit of laminarians and the lower limit of algal vegetation (see Annex C). 2.9 level of exposure level of wave and current exposure at a site
47、2.10 receiving water body water body which receives an input of material, of either natural or anthropogenic origin NOTE The term often appears in the context of contamination (for example effluent from municipal waste water outlets or industrial processed water). Receiving water body surveys descri
48、be the state of contamination in a given area. 2.11 sampling station precise location where recording is carried out and any samples collected NOTE A sampling station is defined by its geographical position (OS National Grid Reference, latitude, longitude), its depth (relative to chart datum and nor
49、malized to mean low water as given in tide tables) and any other information on physical conditions (e.g. substrate type, slope and orientation). EN ISO 19493:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:06:04 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 2.12 reference station one or more sampling stations chosen to represent environmental conditions in a given area, i.e. free from direct anthropogenic influences 2.13 baseline survey surve