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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 5667-17:2000 BS 60
2、68-6.17:2000 ICS 13.060.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Water quality Sampling Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standa
3、rd, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October 2000 BSI 10-2000 ISBN 0 580 36248 5 BS ISO 5667-17:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateCommen
4、ts National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 5667-17:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/6, Sampling, which has the responsibility to: aid enqu
5、irers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations r
6、epresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This is one of a series of standards on water quality, others of which have been, or will be, published as sections of BS 6068. The various sections of BS 6068 are comprised within Parts 1 to 7, which, together with Part 0, ar
7、e listed below. Part 0 Introduction Part 1 Glossary Part 2 Physical, chemical and biochemical methods Part 3 Radiological methods Part 4 Microbiological methods Part 5 Biological methods Part 6 Sampling Part 7 Precision and accuracy Cross-references The British Standards which implement internationa
8、l publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary p
9、rovisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank pa
10、ge, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-17 Fir
11、st edition 2000-07-01 Reference number ISO 5667-17:2000(E) Water quality Sampling Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments Qualit de leau chantillonnage Partie 17: Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage des sdiments en suspension Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03
12、:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 5667-17:2000(E) ii? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 5667-17:2000(E) ?iii Contents?Page 1? Scope .?1 2? Terms and definitions ?1 3?Sampling equipment ?1 4? Sampling pro
13、cedure .?4 5? Interpretation of data ?6 6? Safety precautions ?7 Annex A? Information on suspended solids and their sampling?9 A.1Relationship of certain analytes to suspended solids .?9 A.2Relationship of suspended solids concentration to analyte concentration ?9 A.3Problems inherent in conventiona
14、l analyses of suspended solids analyte concentration .?9 A.4Centrifuge types ?10 Bibliography.?11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 5667-17:2000(E) iv? Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
15、worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical com- mittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represent
16、ed on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liai- son with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are d
17、rafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vo
18、te. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 5667 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 5667-17 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147,Water q
19、uality, Subcommit- tee SC 6,Sampling (general methods). ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general titleWater quality Sampling: Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples
20、Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water and water used for food and beverage processing Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants Part 8: Guidance on the sam
21、pling of wet deposition Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges from sewage and water-treatment works Part 14
22、: Guidance on quality assurance of environmental water sampling and handling Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments Part 18: Guidance on sampling of groundwater at c
23、ontaminated sites Annex A of this part of ISO 5667 is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 5667-17:2000(E) ?v Introduction This part of ISO 5667 reflects the important role of suspended solids in flowing
24、water, especially of the silt?clay (?) component and associated carbon, as a transport medium for nutrients (especially phosphorus), trace metals, and certain classes of organic compounds (see A.1). Although analysis of suspended solids has been carried out for many years, there are no standard meth
25、ods for field sampling of suspended solids for water quality purposes. While standard methods exist for sampling of suspended mineral sediment for sedimentological purposes these are often not appropriate for the chemical analysis of sus- pended solids. Because of the lack of standards for sampling
26、of suspended solids for water quality purposes and the improbability of achieving complete standardization because of differences in the objectives of water quality pro- grammes and the lack of standard apparatus, this part of ISO 5667 provides guidance to the various sampling pro- cedures, their bi
27、ases, and alternatives. This part of ISO 5667 excludes sampling protocols that apply to conventional water sampling. Field and laboratory filtration procedures that are conventionally used to measure the quantity of suspended solids are also excluded. Any reference to these methods is solely for the
28、 purpose of demonstrating their profound limitations for sediment quality purposes. The objectives of a water quality programme will dictate the size of sample required and, therefore, the type of appa- ratus to be used. Generally, however, the analysis of physical, chemical, biological and toxicolo
29、gical properties may require gram-size samples. Examples of programme objectives that require bulk collection of suspended solids in- clude: a)ambient monitoring for water quality assessment, control or regulation; b)in-river monitoring of effluents for regulatory or control purposes, especially for
30、 chemical and toxicological prop- erties; c)research into water quality, including physico-chemical processes that affect the pathways, fate and effects of suspended solids and their associated nutrient and contaminant chemistry; d)recovery of suspended solids for purposes of physical analysis, incl
31、uding particle size, organic content including particulate organic carbon, sediment geochemistry, inorganic and organic chemistry of suspended solids, and toxicity of suspended solids. + 63m Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Li
32、censed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?ISO 5667-17:2000(E) ?1 Water quality Sampling Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments 1Scope This part of ISO 5667 is applicable to the sampling of suspended s
33、olids for the purpose of monitoring and investigat- ing freshwater quality, and more particularly to flowing freshwater systems such as rivers and streams. Certain ele- ments of this part of ISO 5667 may be applied to freshwater lakes, reservoirs and impoundments, however field sampling programmes m
34、ay differ and are not necessarily covered here. 2Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 5667, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 suspended solids solids removed by filtration or centrifuging under specified conditions ISO 6107-2 2.2 isokinetic sampling technique in wh
35、ich the sample from a water stream passes into the orifice of a sampling probe with a velocity equal to that of the stream in the immediate vicinity of the probe ISO 6107-2 3?Sampling equipment 3.1General There are a number of different sampling techniques with differing apparatus for the bulk colle
36、ction of suspended sol- ids. Many of these samplers are specific to site conditions and may require deployment from boats, bridges or by wading. 3.2Passive samplers This class of samplers includes the conventional suspended solids samplers such as depth integrating and point samplers. Passive sample
37、rs are placed in the water column where they fill under ambient conditions using isokinetic sampling methods. These samplers are generally used in conjunction with standard sampling protocols for the col- lection of the most representative mineral solids sample in a given riverine cross-section, suc
38、h as the equal dis- charge increment and equal width increment methods 9, 10, 11. The majority of standard samplers described by the National Handbook of Recommended Methods for Water-Data Acquisition 11 were developed for quantity and not quality determinations of suspended solids. Their use is not
39、 rec- ommended for solids quality sampling, due to small sample volumes, contamination of the sample by the materials used in the construction of these samplers, and other technical and methodological factors 16. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:23:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
40、olled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 5667-17:2000(E) 2? 3.3Bag sampler The large-bag passive sampler (?) described in 12 was developed specifically for suspended solids quality due to its large capacity and construction from chemically inert materials. Multiple bag samples were generally compos- ited to produce
41、a sample of sufficient volume to obtain enough suspended solids for subsequent chemical analysis. The bag sampler is also used in conjunction with bulk samplers described in 3.4. 3.4Bulk samplers 3.4.1General Bulk samplers are used for dewatering large (bulk) quantities of suspended solids. Field bu
42、lk samplers include tan- gential-flow filtration and centrifugation. These both require a large volume of solids-water mixture to be taken, or pumped, from the water column to the bulk sampler. This part of ISO 5667 refers only to those methods that can be deployed in the field. Therefore, bench cen
43、trifuges and other laboratory methods of dewatering such as sedimenta- tion, are not dealt with here. 3.4.2Pumping requirements 3.4.2.1General Most bulk samplers require that the sediment-water mixture be pumped from the water column into the bulk sampler or into a storage container. There are numer
44、ous types of pump ranging from submersible to peristaltic pumps, which have been used for water quality sampling. The composition plastics, metal, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. of pump parts that are in contact with the water, and the composition of the hosing that carries the water to the sa
45、mpling apparatus can be important, depending on the type of chemical analyses required in the sampling programme. Sub- mersible pumps should be magnetically driven so that there is no chance of leakage of lubricating and cooling oil from the submersible electric motor into the impeller housing. Pump
46、ed samples are appropriate for all aquatic environments, providing that isokinetic sampling (2.2) is not a re- quirement of the sampling protocol. Very few pumps can sample isokinetically. However, in practice, this is not gen- erally a problem, especially as: a)in many rivers the majority of suspen
47、ded solids are silt + clay particles; and b)the particle-size range of interest in the chemistry of suspended solids is usually the?fraction 24. Pumps are difficult to use for depth-integrated sampling. Therefore, if a river transports a significant proportion of sand particles, then pump samplers a
48、re likely to under-sample this population (sand is generally transported near the bed). For environmental chemistry this may not be critical, because chemical enrichment of solids is mainly in the silt- clay (?) fraction. 3.4.2.2Operational considerations for pumping to bulk samplers There are a num
49、ber of practical advantages to using pumps. a)Pumps are the only practical means of moving large volumes of water to the bulk sampler, and can be easily de- ployed in any aquatic environment. b)Because of the length of time involved, they average out any short-term temporal variations in solids chemistry that are commonly observed in the water column. c)Pumps are relatively inexpensive and are easily dismantled for cleaning. d)Fine sediment in water is usually transported as flocculated solids 13, however pumps break