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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 424: 1994 Implementation of ISO 424:1994 Photography Processing chemicals Specification for anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate monohydrate ICS 37.040.30 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
2、ISO 424:1994 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board (W/-), was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1995 BSI 01-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this s
3、tandard: Committee reference CPM/14 Draft for comment 92/41971 DC ISBN 0 580 23919 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CPM/14, Photographic chemicals and processing, upon which the following bodies were repr
4、esented: British Institute of Non-destructive Testing British Photographic Association Chemical Industries Association Department of the Environment (Water Directorate) Royal Photographic Society Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun
5、 Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 424:1994 BSI 01-2000i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Forewordiii Text of ISO 4241 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
6、BS ISO 424:1994 ii BSI 01-2000 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 424:1994 and implements it as the UK national standard. This British Standard is published under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board whose Technical Committee CPM/14 has the re
7、sponsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational
8、 and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applicatio
9、n. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyr
10、ight date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT
11、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 424:1994(E) ii BSI 01-2000 Contents Page Forewordiii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3General2 3.1Physical properties2 3.2Hazardous properties2 3.3Handling and storage2 4Requirements2 5Reagents and glassware2 6Sampling2 7Test methods2 7.1Assay
12、2 7.1.1Specifications2 7.1.2Reagents3 7.1.3Apparatus3 7.1.4Procedure3 7.1.5Expression of results3 7.2Heavy metals content3 7.2.1Specification3 7.2.2Procedure3 7.3Iron content3 7.3.1Specification3 7.3.2Procedure3 7.4Halide content3 7.4.1Specifications3 7.4.2Procedure3 7.5Reaction to ammoniacal silver
13、 nitrate3 7.5.1Specification3 7.5.2Procedure3 7.6Free alkali content3 7.6.1Specifications3 7.6.2Reagents3 7.6.3Apparatus4 7.6.4Procedure4 7.6.5Expression of results4 7.7Bicarbonate content4 7.7.1Specifications4 7.7.2Reagents4 7.7.3Apparatus4 7.7.4Procedure4 7.7.5Expression of results4 7.8Appearance
14、of solution5 7.8.1Specification5 7.8.2Procedure5 Table 1 Summary of requirements2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 424:1994(E) BSI 01-2000iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
15、 federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
16、committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by t
17、he technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 424 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This second edition canc
18、els and replaces the first edition (ISO 424:1976) and ISO 3942:1976. Descriptors: Photography, photographic materials, photographic chemicals, sodium carbonate, specifications, materials specifications, purity criteria, tests, chemicals analysis. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 2
19、6 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 424:1994(E) BSI 01-20001 Introduction 0.1 This International Standard is one of a series that establishes criteria of purity f
20、or chemicals used in processing photographic materials. General test methods and procedures cited in this International Standard are compiled in parts 1, 5, 6 and 9 of ISO 10349. This International Standard is intended for use by individuals with a working knowledge of analytical techniques, which m
21、ay not always be the case. Some of the procedures utilize caustic, toxic or otherwise hazardous chemicals. Safe laboratory practice for the handling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, rubber gloves and other protective apparel such as face masks or aprons where appropriate.
22、Normal precautions required in the performance of any chemical procedure are to be exercised at all times but care has been taken to provide warnings for hazardous materials. Hazard warnings designated by a letter enclosed in angle brackets, , are used as a reminder in those steps detailing handling
23、 operations and are defined in ISO 10349-1. More detailed information regarding hazards, handling and use of these chemicals may be available from the manufacturer. 0.2 This International Standard provides chemical and physical requirements for the suitability of a photographic-grade chemical. The t
24、ests correlate with undesirable photographic effects. Purity requirements are set as low as possible consistent with these photographic effects. These criteria are considered the minimum requirements necessary to assure sufficient purity for use in photographic processing solutions, except that if t
25、he purity of a commonly available grade of chemical exceeds photographic processing requirements and if there is no economic penalty in its use, the purity requirements have been set to take advantage of the availability of the higher-quality material. Every effort has been made to keep the number o
26、f requirements to a minimum. Inert impurities are limited to amounts which will not unduly reduce the assay. All tests are performed on samples “as received” to reflect the condition of materials furnished for use. Although the ultimate criterion for suitability of such a chemical is its successful
27、performance in an appropriate use test, the shorter, more economical test methods described in this International Standard are generally adequate. Assay procedures have been included in all cases where a satisfactory method is available. An effective assay requirement serves not only as a safeguard
28、of chemical purity but also as a valuable complement to the identity test. Identity tests have been included whenever a possibility exists that another chemical or mixture of chemicals could pass the other tests. All requirements listed in clause 4 are mandatory. The physical appearance of the mater
29、ial and any footnotes are for general information only and are not part of the requirements. 0.3 Efforts have been made to employ tests which are capable of being run in any normally equipped laboratory and, wherever possible, to avoid tests which require highly specialized equipment or techniques.
30、Instrumental methods have been specified only as alternative methods or alone in those cases where no other satisfactory method is available. Over the past few years, great improvements have been made in instrumentation for various analyses. Where such techniques have equivalent or greater precision
31、, they may be used in place of the tests described in this International Standard. Correlation of such alternative procedures with the given method is the responsibility of the user. In case of disagreement in results, the method called for in the specification shall prevail. Where a requirement sta
32、tes “to pass test”, however, alternative methods shall not be used. 1 Scope This International Standard establishes criteria for the purity of photographic-grade anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate monohydrate and specifies the test methods to be used to determine the purity. 2 Normative
33、 references The following International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on t
34、his International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 10349-1:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test method
35、s Part 1: General. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 424:1994(E) 2 BSI 01-2000 ISO 10349-5:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 5: Determination of heavy metals and iron content. ISO 10349-6:1992
36、, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 6: Determination of halide content. ISO 10349-9:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 9: Reaction to ammoniacal silver nitrate. 3 General 3.1 Physical properties Anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, exists in the
37、form of white granules or powder. It has a relative molecular mass of 105,99. Sodium carbonate monohydrate, Na2CO3H2O, exists in the form of white crystalline granules. It has a relative molecular mass of 124,00. 3.2 Hazardous properties Sodium carbonate is not hazardous when handled with normal pre
38、cautions. 3.3 Handling and storage Sodium carbonate shall be stored in a closed container at room temperature. 4 Requirements A summary of the requirements is shown in Table 1. 5 Reagents and glassware All reagents, materials and glassware shall conform to the requirements specified in ISO 10349-1 u
39、nless otherwise noted. The hazard warning symbols used as a reminder in those steps detailing handling operations are defined in ISO 10349-1. These symbols are used to provide information to the user and are not meant to provide conformance with hazardous labelling requirements, as these vary from c
40、ountry to country. 6 Sampling See ISO 10349-1. 7 Test methods 7.1 Assay 7.1.1 Specifications Content of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, shall be 98,0 % (m/m) min. Content of sodium carbonate monohydrate, Na2CO3H2O, shall be 98,5 % (m/m) min. Table 1 Summary of requirements TestLimitSubclause Int
41、ernational Standard in which test method is given Assay anhydrous monohydrate Heavy metals (as Pb) Iron (Fe) Halides (as Cl) anhydrous monohydrate Reaction to ammoniacal silver nitrate Free alkali (as NaOH) anhydrous monohydrate Bicarbonate (as NaHCO3) anhydrous monohydrate Appearance of solution 98
42、,0 % (m/m) min. 98,5 % (m/m) min. 0,001 % (m/m) max. 0,002 % (m/m) max. 0,35 % (m/m) max. 0,30 % (m/m) max. To pass test 0,20 % (m/m) max. 0,17 % (m/m) max. 0,7 % (m/m) max. 0,6 % (m/m) max. Clear and free from insoluble matter except for a slight flocculence 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7
43、7.7 7.8 ISO 424 ISO 424 ISO 10349-5 ISO 10349-5 ISO 10349-6 ISO 10349-6 ISO 10349-9 ISO 424 ISO 424 ISO 424 ISO 424 ISO 424 NOTEm/m = mass/mass Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:35:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 424:1994(E) BSI 01-20003 7.1.2 Reagents 7.1.2
44、.1 Hydrochloric acid, HCl, standard volumetric solution of 1,00 mol/l (36,5 g/l)1)2)3). 7.1.2.2 Methyl orange indicator solution, 0,4 g/l. 7.1.3 Apparatus 7.1.3.1 Burette, of 50 ml capacity. 7.1.4 Procedure Weigh, to the nearest 0,001 g, a test portion of about 2,0 g of the sample and dissolve it in
45、 50 ml of water. Add 2 drops of the methyl orange indicator solution (7.1.2.2) and titrate with the hydrochloric acid (7.1.2.1) to the colour change from yellow to red. 7.1.5 Expression of results The assay, expressed as a percentage by mass, for anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), is given by 5,30
46、 cV/m The assay, expressed as a percentage by mass, for sodium carbonate monohydrate (Na2CO3H2O), is given by 6,20 cV/m 7.2 Heavy metals content 7.2.1 Specification Maximum content of heavy metals shall be 0,001 % (m/m). 7.2.2 Procedure NOTE 1The standard for the iron test (7.3) is prepared in the s
47、ame way as the heavy metals standard. Determine the percentage of heavy metals in accordance with ISO 10349-5. Use a test portion of 4,90 g to 5,10 g of the sample prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 7.3. Use 5 ml of the heavy metals standard prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 8
48、.1.2. 7.3 Iron content 7.3.1 Specification Maximum content of iron shall be 0,002 % (m/m). 7.3.2 Procedure Determine the percentage of iron in accordance with ISO 10349-5. Use a test portion of 4,90 g to 5,10 g of the sample prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 7.3. Use 10 ml of the iron st
49、andard prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 8.1.2. 7.4 Halide content (as Cl) 7.4.1 Specifications Maximum halide content in anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, shall be 0,35 % (m/m). Maximum halide content in sodium carbonate monohydrate, Na2CO3H2O, shall be 0,30 % (m/m). 7.4.2 Procedure Determine the percentage of halides (expressed as Cl) in accordance with ISO 10349-6. Use 35 ml of the halide standard solution A for anhydrous sodium carbonate and 30 ml for sodium carbonate monohydrate. 7.5 Reaction to ammoniacal silver nitr