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1、EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13857 March 2008 ICS 13.110Supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996 English Version Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) Scurit des machines - Distances de scurit emp
2、chant les membres suprieurs et infrieurs datteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2008) Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstnde gegen das Erreichen von Gefhrdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaen (ISO 13857:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2008. C
3、EN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap
4、plication to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centr
5、e has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland
6、, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by an
7、y means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13857:2008: E Foreword This document (EN ISO 13857:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of machinery“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which
8、 is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. Attention is drawn to the po
9、ssibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by
10、 the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directives. For relationship with EC Directives, see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national stan
11、dards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P
12、ortugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13857:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13857:2008 without any modification. EN ISO 13857:2008 (E) ISO 13857:2008(E) iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scop
13、e . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs . 2 4.1 General. 2 4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs. 3 4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs 11 Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 wi
14、th intermediate values . 13 Annex B (informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs . 16 Bibliography. 17 Figure 1 Reaching upwards . 3 Figure 2 Reaching over protective structure . 4 Figure 3 Openings of irregular shape. 10 Figure A.1 Example 1 Table 2 13 Figure A.2 Example 2 Table 2 1
15、4 Figure A.3 Example 3 Table 2 15 Figure B.1 Impeding free movement under protective structures. 16 Table 1 Reaching over protective structures Low risk. 5 Table 2 Reaching over protective structures High risk 6 Table 3 Reaching around with limitation of movement. 7 Table 4 Reaching through regular
16、openings Persons of 14 years of age and above. 8 Table 5 Reaching through regular openings Persons of 3 years of age and above. 9 Table 6 Reaching around with additional protective structures 11 Table 7 Reaching through openings of regular shape by lower limbs 12 Table B.1 Distances where access of
17、the lower limbs is restricted 16 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 18 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 19 I
18、SO 13857:2008(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a s
19、ubject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
20、(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical comm
21、ittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not
22、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13857 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery. This first edition of ISO 13857 cancels and replaces ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998, of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A, giving guid
23、ance on how to use Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values, has been added, and the former Annex A of ISO 13853 has become Annex B. ISO 13857:2008(E) v Introduction This document is a type B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1. The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type
24、C standard. For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. One method of eliminating or reducing
25、risks caused by machinery is to make use of safety distances preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs. In specifying safety distances, a number of aspects have to be taken into consideration, such as reach situations occurring when machinery is being used, reliable sur
26、veys of anthropometric data, taking into account population groups likely to be found in the countries concerned, biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint rotation, technical and practical aspects, and additional measures for particular group
27、s of persons (e.g. persons with special needs), which could be required due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions. blank 1 Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs 1 Scope This International Standard establishes values for safety
28、 distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see 4.3). This International Standard cov
29、ers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14 year olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5th percentile stature of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings needs to
30、 be addressed. NOTE 1 Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered. The distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances depend on size, there will be some people of extreme dimensions who will be able to reach hazard zones even
31、 when the requirements of this International Standard are complied with. NOTE 2 These safety distances will not provide sufficient protection against certain hazards, for example, radiation and emission of substances. For such hazards, additional or other measures need to be taken. The clauses of th
32、e International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment. The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions specified (see 4.1.1). NOTE 3 This International Standa
33、rd is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing over. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition o
34、f the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology ISO 13857:2008(E) ISO 13857:2008(E) 2 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitio
35、ns given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply. 3.1 protective structure safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine) which restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones 3.2 safety distance s
36、afe separation distance sr minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone 4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs 4.1 General 4.1.1 Assumptions The safety distances in this International Standard have been derived by making the following ass
37、umptions: the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position; safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the body; persons may force parts of the body over protective structures or through openings in an attempt to reac
38、h the hazard zone; the reference plane is a level at which persons would normally stand, but is not necessarily the floor (e.g. a working platform could be the reference plane); there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes, climbing and jumping are not
39、included); no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane; no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs. 4.1.2 Risk assessment Before determining the safety distance that prevents people from reaching hazard zones it is necessary to
40、decide whether to use values for high or low risk. Thus a risk assessment (see ISO 12100-1 and ISO 14121-1) shall be conducted. The risk assessment shall be based on the probability of occurrence of an injury and the foreseeable severity of that injury. An analysis of the technical and human element
41、s on which the risk assessment is dependent is essential to achieving the appropriate selection of data from this International Standard. The risk assessment shall take into account all accesses. Where several tables are used, the most restricting values shall be taken (see examples in Annex A). NOT
42、E 1 Aspects of frequency, duration, energy, speed and shape of contact surface need to be taken into account when establishing the risk of injury (see ISO 14121-1). Where there is a low risk, at least the values in Table 1 shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.1). Where the risk is not low, Table 2, the high r
43、isk table, shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.2). ISO 13857:2008(E) 3 NOTE 2 Only risks arising from hazards such as friction or abrasion, where long-term or irreversible damage to the body is not foreseeable, can lead to low risks. The safety distances (sr) given in Table 7 apply to persons reaching throug
44、h openings using the lower limbs in an attempt to reach a hazard zone. If the requirements of this International Standard cannot be complied with, then other safety measures shall be used. 4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs 4.2.1 Reaching upwards 4.2.1.1 Figure 1 shows the safety
45、distance for reaching upwards. 4.2.1.2 If there is a low risk from the hazard zone, then the height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2 500 mm or more. 4.2.1.3 If there is a high risk (see 4.1.2) from the hazard zone, then the height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2 700 mm or more. Key 1 hazard zone
46、2 reference plane h height of hazard zone Figure 1 Reaching upwards ISO 13857:2008(E) 4 4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures Figure 2 shows the safety distance for reaching over a protective structure. Key a height of hazard zone 1 hazard zone (nearest point) b height of protective structure 2
47、reference plane c horizontal safety distance to hazard zone 3 protective structure Figure 2 Reaching over protective structure 4.2.2.1 Values 4.2.2.1.1 The values given in Table 1 shall be used to determine the corresponding dimension(s) of the height of the hazard zone, the height of protective str
48、uctures and the horizontal safety distance to the hazard zone. If there is a low risk (see 4.1.2) from a hazard zone, the values given in Table 1 shall be used as minimum values. There shall be no interpolation of the values given in Table 1. Consequently, when the known values of a, b or c are betw
49、een two values in Table 1, the greater safety distance or higher protective structure or change in the height (higher or lower) of the hazard zone shall be used. Annex A gives examples of the use of Tables 1 and 2. ISO 13857:2008(E) 5 Table 1 Reaching over protective structures Low risk Dimensions in millimetres Height of protective structure a b 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 500 Height of hazard zone b a Horizontal safety distance to hazard zone, c 2 500 0 0 0 0 0 0