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1、International Standard ) 5691 0 * 4 4!,B INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATlONmMEYHAPOHAR OPrAHHBAlWl IlOCTAHAPTLc3Al UDC 631332.7 Ref. No. IS0 6691-1981 (E) 6 z Descriptors : agricultural machinery, planting machines, potatoes, definitions, tests. 6 a? ks Price based on 3 pages Copyright I
2、nternational Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 07:38:13 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardi
3、zation) is a worldwide federation of national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing Inter- national Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be repr
4、esented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Stan
5、dards by the IS0 Council. International Standard IS0 5691 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, and was circulated to the member bodies in February 1980. It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Australia Fi
6、nland Austria France Belgium Germany, F. R. Bulgaria India China Italy Czechoslovakia Korea, Dem. P. Rep. of Denmark Poland Egypt, Arab Rep. of Portugal Romania South Africa, Rep. of Spain Switzerland Turkey USSR The member body of the following country expressed disapproval of the document on techn
7、ical grounds : United Kingdom 0 international Organization for Standardization, 1981 0 Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 07:38:13 MDTNo repro
8、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 5691-1981 (E) Equipment for planting - Potato planters - Method of testing 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of testing potato planters to obtain comparable and reproducible measurements wi
9、th regard to uniform placement of tubers and other aspects of performance of the machine. 2 Field of application This International Standard applies to all types of potato planters. (Fertilizer distribution attachments should be removed from the machine during testing.) 3 Reference IS0 7266, Sowing
10、equipment - Single seed drills (precision drills) - Methods of test. 1) 4 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 4.1 tuber distance : Distance between adjacent tubers in a row, measured from tuber centre to tuber centre and expressed in centimetr
11、es. 4.2 rated planting distance : Planting distance, expressed in centimetres, claimed by the manufacturer in his operating in- structions. 4.3 actual planting distance : Mean value, expressed in centimetres, of at least 100 tuber distances, discarding any misses, doubles, etc. 4.4 row spacing : Cen
12、tre to centre distance, expressed in centimetres, between adjacent rows. 4.5 number of rows of a planter : Number of rows formed at the same time by the planter. 4.6 tuber density : Number of tuber positions per hectare (ha), expressed in hectares to the power minus one (ha-t) and calculated accordi
13、ng to the formula : 10s Tuber density = Actual planting distance (cm) x Row spacing (cm) 4.7 tuber mass : Mass, expressed in grams (g), of potato tuber. The average mass each tuber in a potato batch deter- mined by weighing at least 30 tubers. 4.8 tuber quantity or plant rate : Total mass of potatoe
14、s planted per hectare expressed in tonnes per hectare (t/ha) and calculated according to the formula : Tuber quantity = 100 x Tuber mass (g) Actual planting x Row distance (cm) spacing (cm) 4.6 planting frequency : Average number of tubers planted per minute and per ridge expressed in minutes to the
15、 power minus one (min-1). 4.10 misses : (See clause 3.9 of IS0 7256). 4.11 multiples : (See clause 3.10 of IS0 7256). 4.12 coefficient of variation (0 ) : Variation of the actual distance within a row, given as a percentage of the rated planting distance. 4.13 planting errors : Deviations from the d
16、esired equal tuber distribution in a row. Planting errors are the number of misses and multiples expressed as a percentage of the actual planting distance and furthermore by the coefficient of varia- tion. 4.14 cell filling errors : In the case of planters with cup elevators, the number of misses or
17、 multiples, expressed as a percentage, per hundred cups or other metering units. I) At present at the stage of draft. 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 07:38:13 M
18、DTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 5691-1981 (E) 4.15 depth of planting : Distance, expressed in centi- metres, measured between the bottom of the furrow and the original field surface. 5 Tests 5.1 Test conditions - Tuber specifications 5.1.1 Index of tuber
19、shape (f) 12 f= -x loo wxt where I is the greatest length; w is the greatest width; t is the greatest thickness. NOTE - The dimensions are obtained from control of a sample of at least 30 tubers. Tuber shape Index Round 100 up to 160 1 Oval I 160 up to 240 I I Long I 240 up to 340 I Very long I Abov
20、e 340 I 5.1.2 Square measure At least 30 tubers are passed through a set of seven square mesh sieves. The mesh widths rise from 25 to 55 mm in 5 mm steps. The square measure is indicated by stating the maximum size of sieve through which none of the sample will pass and the minimum size through whic
21、h all of the sample will pass, thus for example 35145. 5.2 Test to determine the variation of row spacing Variation between actual and nominal row spacing shall be measured on both horizontal field surfaces, and on fields with a sideways slope of 20 %. 5.3 Test of assessment of uniformity of tuber d
22、istribution 5.3.1 Test of tuber distribution in the row The assessment to be made on rows planted separately with round, oval and long potatoes with a square measure of 35145 and 35/55 mm (see 5.1). For each row, 100 measurements are necessary, to be repeated at least four times. The coefficient of
23、variation (Ck ) and planting error shall be determined. 2 5.3.2 Test of determination of cell filling errors in the case of cup elevator planters or metering units To determine cell filling errors, samples of non-sprouted, sound potatoes shall be prepared as follows : Commercial plant tubers of seve
24、ral size grades and varieties are mixed throughly, and size graded through square sieves in 5 mm steps (see 5.1.2 for description of sieves). Each grade is then sub-divided according to tuber length, and test samples I, II and Ill prepared by mixing size grades/tuber lengths as in the table. I Squar
25、e measure I Tuber length Test sample I II III Test sample I contains predominately round tubers, test sample II oval and test sample III long tubers. The planting machine in a horizontal position shall be driven on a test bench by means of an engine with infinitely variable speed control. The hopper
26、 shall be fed with at least 50 kg per row of a test sample and the elevating errors shall be deter- mined at planting frequencies of 120, 180, 240, 300 min-1, etc. As the efficiency of some cup-fed planters falls off with decreasing quantities of tubers in the hopper, the test should continue until
27、the hopper is at most one quarter full. 5.4 Test of damage to sprouts on pre-sprouted tubers Sprout damage or breakage depends on the type, number, elasticity, length and arrangement of sprouts on the tubers. Degree of sprouting can be defined as : Slight pre-sprouting - sprouts 3 to 5 mm long Mediu
28、m pre-sprouting - sprouts 5 to 15 mm long Strong pre-sprouting - sprouts 15 to 25 mm long .4ssessment shall be carried out on a stationary test bench at several planting frequencies. The amount of breakage to sprouts caused by a planter shall be measured using samples of tubers having green sprouts
29、10 to 15 mm in length. 6 Test report See details in the annex. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 07:38:13 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
30、 from IHS -,-,- IS0 5991-1981 (E) Annex Test report of potato planters A.1 Technical data A.l.l Characteristics a) Manufacturer. b) Make, type. c) Main dimensions : length, height, working width, transport width in metres. d) Unladen weight in kilograms. e) Laden weight in kilograms. f) Capacity of
31、the hopper, in kilograms, level and heaped up. g) Loading height of hopper in centimetres. h) Number of ridges. j) Adjustment range for planting distance and the number of steps. k) Adjustment range for row spacing. m) Adjustment range for furrow opener. n) Adjustment range for depth of setting and
32、of the work- ing width of ridging/covering devices. p) Number of greasing points. A-1.2 Description a) Planting units. b) Control and correction of missing tubers. c) Frames and wheels. d) Coupling method. e) Type of drive. f) Covering device. A.2 Test results a) Missing tubers. b) Multiple tubers.
33、c) Coefficient of variation of tuber distance within row. d) Planting frequency. e) Forward speed in metres per second. f) Depth of planting in centimetres. g) Variation between nominal and actual row spacing. h) Damage to sprouts. j) Effect on performance of longitudinal and lateral slopes. A.3 Per
34、formance - Time a) Surface area planted per hour, net and spot rates of work. b) Time to fill hopper in minutes (min). c) Routine servicing time, in minutes. d) Turning time, in minutes. e) Time needed to adapt for use on public roads, in minutes. f) Draught and power requirements, in kilowatts. g)
35、Lifting capacity necessary, bearing in mind : - unladen weight of machine; - laden weight of machine; - force required to lift soil engaging components clear of the ground. 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 07:38:13 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-