《TIA-594-B-2004.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《TIA-594-B-2004.pdf（50页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 TIA STANDARD Telecommunications Multiline Terminal Systems Synchronous Methods and Technical Requirements for Private Integrated Services Networks TIA-594-B Revision of TIA/EIA-594-A) MARCH 2004 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with
2、 the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA-594-B-2004 Approved: March 18, 2004 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
3、 without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA Engineering S
4、tandards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product fo
5、r their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclud
6、e their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume
7、 any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health
8、practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-4676-RV2, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-41.1 Subcommittee on Multi-line Terminal Systems.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2002 Standards and Tec
9、hnology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) or searc
10、h online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search_n_order.cfm All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction o
11、r networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- NOTICE PLEASE! DONT VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced without permission. Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies through entering into a license agreement. For
12、information, contact: Global Engineering Documents 15 Inverness Way East Englewood, CO 80112-5704 U.S.A. or call U.S.A. and Canada 1-800-854-7179, International (303) 397-7956 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, U
13、ser=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The document to which this Notice is affixed has been prepared by one or more Engineering Committees of the Telecommunicatio
14、ns Industry Association (“TIA”). TIA is not the author of the document contents, but publishes and claims copyright to the document pursuant to licenses and permission granted by the authors of the contents. TIA Engineering Committees are expected to conduct their affairs in accordance with the TIA
15、Engineering Manual (“Manual”), the current and predecessor versions of which are available at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/engineering_manual.cfm. TIAs function is to administer the process, but not the content, of document preparation in accordance with the Manual and, when appropriate, th
16、e policies and procedures of the American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”). THE USE OR PRACTICE OF CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY INVOLVE THE USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (“IPR”), INCLUDING PENDING OR ISSUED PATENTS, OR COPYRIGHTS, OWNED BY ONE OR MORE PARTIES. TIA MAKES NO SEARCH OR INVE
17、STIGATION FOR IPR. WHEN IPR CONSISTING OF PATENTS AND PUBLISHED PATENT APPLICATIONS ARE CLAIMED AND CALLED TO TIAS ATTENTION, A STATEMENT FROM THE HOLDER THEREOF IS REQUESTED, ALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUAL. TIA TAKES NO POSITION WITH REFERENCE TO, AND DISCLAIMS ANY OBLIGATION TO INVESTIGATE OR I
18、NQUIRE INTO, THE SCOPE OR VALIDITY OF ANY CLAIMS OF IPR. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NON-I
19、NFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FO
20、R ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER
21、 BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED
22、 BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Telec
23、ommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.1 2 SCOPE.2 3 NORMA
24、TIVE REFERENCES3 4 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.4 4.1 DEFINITIONS.4 4.1.1 Asynchronous signals .4 4.1.2 Clock accuracy4 4.1.3 Clock free running mode.4 4.1.4 Clock hold over mode.4 4.1.5 Controlled Slip4 4.1.6 Hold-in range4 4.1.7 Jitter.4 4.1.8 Master clock4 4.1.9 Maximum time interval e
25、rror (MTIE).5 4.1.10 Phase Lock Loop (PLL) .5 4.1.11 Phase Transients.5 4.1.12 Plesiochronous5 4.1.13 Primary Reference Source (PRS) or Clock (PRC) .5 4.1.14 Pull-in range .5 4.1.15 Reference Clock .6 4.1.16 Severely Errored Seconds (SES)6 4.1.17 Slave clock6 4.1.18 Slip6 4.1.19 Split Timing6 4.1.20
26、 Synchronous.6 4.1.21 Synchronization6 4.1.22 Synchronization network6 4.1.23 Time-Interval Error (TIE).6 4.1.24 Timing Loop.6 4.1.25 Time to repair (TTR)6 4.1.26 Transparent.7 4.1.27 Unit Interval (UI)7 4.1.28 Wander .7 4.2 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.8 5 GENERAL INFORMATION ON SYNCHRONIZATION 9 5.1
27、 IMPACT OF SLIPS9 5.2 OTHER IMPAIRMENTS.10 6 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND SYNCHRONIZATION METHODS.11 6.1 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS11 6.1.1 Jitter and wander at the input11 6.1.2 Jitter and wander at the output12 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicen
28、see=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B ii 6.1.3 Frequency deviation at the input .13 6.1.4 Clock accuracy 13 6.1.5 Pull-in range and Hold-in range 14 6.1.6 Phase discontin
29、uity of slave clocks.14 6.2 TIMING REFERENCES.14 6.2.1 Reference Clock Switching Criteria14 6.2.2 Reference Restoral.15 6.2.3 Timing Reference Interfaces and Alarms15 6.2.4 Buffers.15 6.2.5 Controls .15 6.2.6 Slip performance objectives 15 6.3 SYNCHRONIZATION PLANNING GUIDE LINES IN PRIVATE DIGITAL
30、NETWORKS.16 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) - SYNCHRONIZATION PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR E1 - C2 AND T2 INTERFACES WITH 2.048 MBITS/S ACCESS17 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) - SYNCHRONIZATION METHODS FOR PRIVATE DIGITAL NETWORKS.20 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) CONTROLLED SLIP OBJECTIVES (ISO/IEC 11573)27 ANNEX D (INFORMATI
31、VE) - SYNCHRONIZED PRIVATE NETWORK EXAMPLES30 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) - SLAVE CLOCK PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES .33 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY.38 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie
32、Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B iii FOREWORD (This foreword is not part of this standard.) This document is a TIA Telecommunications standard produced by Subcommittee TR-41.1 of Committee TR-41. This standard was
33、 developed in accordance with TIA procedural guidelines, and represents the consensus position of the Subcommittee TR-41.1, which served as the formulating group. This standard is based on ANSI/TIA/EIA-594-A, with changes to reflect technical requirements specific to North America. The TR-41.1 Multi
34、line Terminal Systems Subcommittee acknowledges the contribution made by the following individuals in the development of this standard. Name: Representing: Richard Frank Dietrich Lockard Raymond Gass Alcatel Francois Pinier Alcatel Radha Telikepalli Nortel Networks Editor Tailey Tung Siemens This st
35、andard has six annexes, all of which are informative. Copyrighted parts of ISO/IEC 11573 are used with permission of the ISO. The ISO owns the copyright for the ISO Standards. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to: Telecommunications Industry Association En
36、gineering Department Suite 300 250 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 (http:/www.tiaonline.org ) Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or ne
37、tworking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B 1 1 Introduction When synchronous digital signals are being transported over a communications link, the receiving end must operate at the same average frequency as the transmitting end to prevent loss of information. This is referred to as
38、link synchronization. When digital signals traverse a network of digital communications links, switching nodes, multiplexers, and transmission interfaces, the task of keeping all the entities operating at the same average frequency is referred to as network synchronization. The design of a Private I
39、ntegrated Services Network (PISN) requires specification of the timing sources and receivers for the synchronization network. Proper design requires that timing loops in the synchronization network be avoided. A timing loop occurs when a clock is using as its reference frequency a signal that is its
40、elf traceable to the output of that clock. The information of such a closed timing loop leads to frequency instability and is not permitted. While it is relatively straightforward to ensure against timing loops in the primary synchronization reference network, care should be taken that timing loops
41、do not occur during failure or error conditions when various timing references are rearranged. Further information on Private network synchronization can also be found in ISO/IEC 11573 standard. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Empl
42、oyees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B 2 2 Scope This TIA Standard contains requirements necessary for the synchronization of TDM based PISNs. Timing within a digital private network
43、needs to be controlled carefully to ensure that the rate of occurrences of slips between equipment within the PISN, and the public switched networks is sufficiently low not to affect unduly the performance of voice transmissions, or the accuracy or throughput (if errored data require re-transmission
44、) of non-voice services. The clock accuracy classification considered in this standard is based on North American stratum levels. Requirements are also based upon the interconnection of digital private telecommunication networks via digital facilities in the public (switched or packet) telecommunica
45、tion networks. Synchronization in packet based networks is based on time stamping or timing protocols like Network Time Protocol (NTP). At present, time stamping based synchronization is used in ATM networks. NTP is broadly used in the Internet to synchronize distributed clocks to each other or to t
46、ime server having an accurate clock (e.g. a server connected to GPS receiver). In NTP based synchronization, clock offset and skew would be estimated based on one-way delay measurement across the network, the accuracy of synchronization depends on the network paths between two hosts. This TIA standa
47、rd does not address the synchronization methods applicable to packet based networks. This Standard is one of a series of technical standards on telecommunications networks and with its companion standards fills a recognized need in the telecommunications industry brought about by the increasing use
48、of digital equipment and facilities in private networks. It is useful to anyone engaged in the manufacture of digital customer premises equipment (CPE) for private network applications, and to those purchasing, operating or applying digital CPE to digital facilities for PISNs. This Standard establishes technical criteria necessary in the design of a synchronization plan for a PISN. Compliance with these requirements would be exp